Background: One of the major mechanisms underlying myocardial injury during ischemia and hypoxia is oxidative stress. Under hypoxic conditions, excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) disrupts the cellular antioxidant defense system, enhances lipid peroxidation, and ultimately leads to apoptosis and cellular damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key intracellular antioxidant enzyme that neutralizes oxidative stress, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, reflects the extent of membrane damage. Therefore, investigating antioxidant compounds in hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte injury is of significant importance. Pinocembrin, a bioactive compound derived from Dalbergia odorifera T.Chen, exhibits multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Aim: To evaluate the effects of pinocembrin on oxidative stress in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Materials and Methods: H9C2 cardiomyocytes were divided into five groups: a control group, a model group, and three pinocembrin-treated groups (low, medium, and high doses). Except for the control group, cells were cultured under hypoxic conditions (5% CO2, 1% O2, 37 °C) in glucose- and serum-free DMEM to establish a hypoxia-induced injury model. Cells were then treated with pinocembrin for 4 hours. Oxidative stress levels were assessed by measuring ROS accumulation, SOD activity, and MDA content. Result: Compared with the control group, the model group showed a significant increase in ROS production, a decrease in SOD activity, and a marked elevation in MDA levels, indicating severe oxidative stress under hypoxic conditions. In contrast, the pinocembrin-treated groups exhibited attenuation of hypoxia-induced oxidative stress. Specifically, ROS accumulation decreased, SOD activity was restored, and MDA levels were significantly reduced. These findings suggest that pinocembrin exerts protective effects by enhancing the cellular antioxidant defense system and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Conclusion Pinocembrin reduces oxidative stress and protects against cellular injury in hypoxia-induced H9C2 cardiomyocytes. These results indicate that pinocembrin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for ischemiaand hypoxia-related cardiac disorders and provide a valuable foundation for further research.

Background: Adhesion small bowel obstruction (ASBO) is a common complication following abdominal surgery and can significantly impair postoperative recovery. This condition necessitates the exploration of more effective therapeutic approaches. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of Traditional Mongolian Medicine (TMM) combined with acupuncture in the management of postoperative ileus secondary to adhesion-related small bowel obstruction. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 47-year-old female patient who developed postoperative ileus. The therapeutic intervention consisted of a combined regimen of traditional herbal pharmacotherapy and electroacupuncture. The clinical outcomes were assessed based on the resolution of symptoms and the restoration of gastrointestinal function. Result: Following the administration of the integrated treatment, the patient exhibited a marked reduction in abdominal pain. Objective clinical improvement was noted through the successful restoration of intestinal peristalsis and the normalization of flatus and defecation. Conclusion The findings of this case study suggest that Traditional Mongolian Medicine, particularly when integrated with electroacupuncture, may be an effective and viable modality for promoting the recovery of gastrointestinal motility in patients with adhesion-related small bowel obstruction.

Background: Insomnia is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders in the United States, affecting up to half of primary care patients and often necessitating psycho-behavioral interventions. Acupuncture, a key component of traditional Chinese and Mongolian medicine, has been increasingly studied as a treatment for insomnia in recent years. Aim: Evaluating the effectiveness of acupuncture for insomnia Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a randomized controlled clinical trial design. 148 participants, aged 18-65 years, with a diagnosis of Nonorganic Insomnia (F51.0) according to the ICD-10, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) >7, were divided into the transverse acupuncture, conventional acupuncture, and the control group. The results were analyzed using a Cardiopulmonary Coupling - CPC machine before and after treatment in the 3 groups to assess 1. Total sleep (hours), 2. Deep sleep (hours), 3. Light sleep (hours), 4. REM (hours), 5. Wake time (minutes), 6. Time to first fall asleep (minutes), 7. Sleep rate (%), 8. Number of apneas, and sleep quality was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaires. The research approval was reviewed and granted by the Research Ethics Review Committee of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences on January 19, 2024 (Approval No. 24/19/01). Results: The mean age of participants was 51.5±10.8 years, with 79.7% (n=118) being female and 20.3% (n=30) male. In the transverse acupuncture group, post-treatment results demonstrated a 53.8% increase in total sleep time, a 102.8% increase in deep sleep time, a 19.8% increase in light sleep time, a 36.1% increase in REM sleep time, and a 22.1% improvement in sleep normalization rate. The mean differences between pre- and post-treatment scores were statistically significant based on a one-sample t-test. In contrast, no statistically significant improvements were observed in the control group, except for sleep quality. Conclusion Both transverse acupuncture and conventional acupuncture significantly improved sleep quality indicators following treatment.

Background Varicose veins, or chronic venous insufficiency, become visibly noticeable from the second stage when veins start appearing on the surface of the skin. Symptoms include severe itching, pain, swelling, and inflammation. Chronic venous insufficiency is a common condition in countries such as China, South Korea, Japan, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. Diagnosis of varicose veins relies on blood flow studies, coagulation tests, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and Doppler ultrasound of the venous system. Patient B, a 43-year-old male, has experienced pain and swelling in the right lower limb vein for the past two years, especially when exposed to heat. Coagulation tests show PT and PT INR within normal range. Doppler ultrasound of the venous system revealed that the perforating vein is dilated to 0.45 cm and has valve insufficiency. In the deep veins, a width of 0.68 cm was measured, while superficial veins ranged between 0.46–0.59 cm. After receiving appropriate treatment from the Department of Fire Acupuncture, the patient’s symptoms have improved.

Background: Meniere's disease is a condition caused by disturbances in the auditory and vestibular systems. It is characterized by symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and tinnitus. In the United States, the prevalence of Meniere's disease has been found to be 84 cases per 100,000 women and 56 cases per 100,000 men. Regionally, it is more common in less populated areas, and research has confirmed that the prevalence increases with higher household income. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of traditional medicine treatments and therapies for Meniere's disease. Results: The patient is a 43-year-old male, with symptoms of dizziness, vomiting, and tinnitus. Since 2023, he has sought care at the Central Hospital of Mongolian Medicine, where he received traditional medicine treatments including herbal therapy and other traditional therapies on three occasions. As a result, the frequency of dizziness has decreased and other clinical symptoms have improved. Conclusion Traditional medicine treatments have been shown to be effective in managing Meniere's disease by extending the interval between relapses, improving quality of life, and significantly reducing clinical symptoms.

Background: Numerous studies have shown that with the advancement of technology such as computers and cell phones, neck and back pain, and carpal tunnel syndrome have become common in daily life. Aim: Estimating the effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding treatment for chronic neck pain. Materials and Methods: The study used a randomized clinical trial, double-blind, placebo-controlled design with treatment (n=40) and control (n=40) groups. The study included 80 patients with chronic neck pain, and the results were evaluated in the two groups before and after treatment using the “Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), “Neck Disability Index”, and “Quality of Life Questionnaire” (EQ-5D). Results: Acupoint catgut embedding and acupuncture treatment for chronic neck pain increased the neck’s range of motion by 2-5 degrees. Standard acupuncture treatment and acupoint catgut embedding treatment reduce neck pain and improve the neck disability index. Acupoint catgut embedding treatment improves the quality of life of patients with chronic neck pain, especially reducing anxiety and fear scores with statistical significance. Conclusion 1. Standard acupuncture and acupoint catgut embedding treatment are equally effective in relieving chronic neck pain. 2. Acupoint catgut embedding treatment increased the range of motion in the same way as standard acupuncture. 3. Acupoint catgut embedding treatment also reduced the patient’s Neck Disability Index and improved Quality of life.

Background: : Facial palsy, or facial neuropathy, is a peripheral facial paralysis condition known as Bell’s palsy, characterized by weakened muscles on one side of the face, limited movement in that area, and facial distortion. According to data from the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), this condition occurs in 15-20 per 100.000 people, with 40.000 new cases diagnosed annually. Bell’s palsy can affect people of all ages but is more prevalent among middle-aged individuals, with the average age of onset being 40. It is also more common during the spring and autumn seasons. We conducted this study to clinically validate the efficacy of electroacupuncture treatment for facial neuropathy through experimental research methods. Aim: Evaluation of treating facial nerve paralysis with the electroacupuncture method. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted based at the International School of Mongolian Medicine and The Central Hospital of Mongolian Traditional Medicine of MNUMS, and the Chinese Mongolian United Hospital of Ulanqab City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Participants were randomly allocated into a treatment group and a control group, with 30 participants in each group. Both groups were orally administered Tab. Acyclovir 100 mg at a dosage of 200 mg four times daily at 6-hour intervals for 5 days. Additionally, the 30 participants in the treatment group received electroacupuncture therapy, while the control group received an electrical patch application. The treatment was administered consecutively for 5 days, followed by a 2-day break, over a total of 4 weeks. The outcomes were evaluated using the FDI and House-Brackmann questionnaires before treatment, as well as on the 15th, 30th, and 60th days of the treatment period Results: After administering electroacupuncture treatment to the treatment group, the patients’ clinical symptoms significantly improved. The movement of the facial muscles on the affected side gradually recovered, and pathological signs such as incomplete eyelid closure showed marked improvement. Additionally, in most patients, taste sensation began to recover by the middle phase of the treatment, and symptoms such as drooling and difficulty with cheek puffing completely disappeared. On the 30th day of treatment, a comparison of the treatment outcomes between the two groups using the FDI and House-Brackmann questionnaires reve Conclusions 1. Combining electroacupuncture with antiviral medication for the treatment of facial nerve paralysis (Bell’s Palsy) is effective and reduces the likelihood of sequelae. 2. When evaluating treatment outcomes using the Facial Disability Index (FDI) and House-Brackmann Scale (HBS), electroacupuncture demonstrates superior effectiveness compared to patch therapy.

There are a lot of influencing factors of facial nerve palsy; experts believe that is most likely caused by a Virus (54%) and Bacterial infections. Noninfectious causes of facial nerve palsy induce tumors (28%) and less commonly influences head trauma (18%). The retrospective analysis of WHO, in 2012. There are some cases of postoperative complication in middle ear surgery is facial nerve palsy and the total recovery outcome of function was not good. From 2013 to 2016 in EMJJ hospital, Mongolia, we enrolled 16 cases with facial nerve damaged in intratympanic canal but we could not recruit some patients with facial palsy over 6 months. Each subject was tested with pure tone test, ABR, Tympanometry. These were performed for the detection of hearing loss after Temporal bone injury. Then we also investigated location of facial nerve damages of patients by MRI and CT before reconstructive surgery. After that surgery, all patients were given corticosteroid treatment (20mg/day) and physical therapy performed such as acupuncture for a week. Study results revealed that 6 cases after 18 days, 2 cases after 30 days, 1 patient after 45 days of reconstructive surgery regained good symmetry. Therefore, we considered that, postoperative treatments like physical therapy with B12, steroid had good benefits for operation result and to shorten the recovery time. There was a patient who had damaged facial nerve in the tympanic segment during Mastoidectomy. In that case, we performed cable nerve grafting using the r.auricularismagnium but we could not recover facial nerve function. Traumatic facial nerve paralysis is the second most common type. We discussed that performing reconstruction surgery within first 3 months after intratemporal facial nerve injury is extremely desirable and more effective. In our opinion, nerve recovery might be not successfully cause of injured myelin sheet of facial nerve during middle ear surgery.

In the framework of the implementation of MDGs, Mongolian government aimed to decrease neonatal mortality by one third in 2015 in comparison with 2000. Rapid urbanization could be seen from the number of pregnancies delivered their babies at Urguu Maternal Hospital. We analyzed the 2014 prenatal mortality data by fetal growth and obstetric complications to find common risk factors for stillbirth and neonatal mortality.We retrospectively analyzed the prenatal mortality data of the Urguu Maternity hospital of Ulaanbaatar city in 2014.In 2014, from 16002 mothers delivered their babies at Urguu Maternity hospital had been registered 74 cases of the stillbirths which are equal to 0.46% and 51 cases of neonatal mortality which is 3.1%. In 2014, 21.6% (16 cases) of the stillbirths are happened for nulliparous women, which support their higher risk of stillbirths than multiparous women across all ages. Their mean age were 29.7, among them youngest is 18, and oldest is 32 years old. Also, 29 cases or 39% of the mothers had fourth and subsequent pregnancies and 17 /23%/ had their fourth and more babies. Regarding the baby sex, 42 cases /56.8%/ of babies were female, 2 case / 2.7%/ haven’t specified in the patient history. 17 had very low birth weight (<1500g), among them 8 were in their less than 30 gestational weeks, including one case of twins, 6 cases were in their 31-35 weeks, 2 including one twin cases were in their 36-41 gestational weeks. According the patient history, main obstetric challenges were 2 were caused by placental abruption, pre-eclampsia caused 3, premature rupture of membranes caused 3 and hemorrhage shock caused 1 case. Among the 21 cases with fetal weight between 1500-2500 g, 11 were in their 30-35, 3 were 36-37 gestational weeks and 6 were full term pregnancies with 37-41 gestational weeks. In one case haven’t identified the fetal sex. Obstetric complications were placental abruption in 7, among them 2 had serious late complications, congenital abnormalities in 2, intra- uterine growth restriction in 1, and 1 case of hemorrhage were identified. In the 34 cases with fetal weight above 2550 g, 12 cases had less than 38 gestational weeks, 16 were 38-40 weeks, and 6 were above 40 weeks age. Among them, 2 cases of twins, 1 case had congenital anomalies, 1 case haven’t received any prenatal services, and 1 case had unattended birth in home. Regarding the obstetric complications, placental abruption 3, uterine scar and placental insufficiency 1, weak contractions 1 case was documented. 3 cases from all 74 were delivered their babies in home, unattended births. Among 51 neonatal death cases, 26 or 51% were female. By classifying maternal age, 15 or 29.4% were nulliparous, from which 1/3 or 5 cases had abortions, previously. Also, 7 or 13.7% were delivered four or more babies, which increased their risks. Regarding the neonatal babies weight, 9 cases had less than 1500 g, with 8 were haven’t reached the 30 gestational weeks. 17 cases with 1500-2500 g weight, 11 were less than 34 weeks and 6 were 34- 38 weeks. For rest 25 cases, 10 were had above 3500 g weight. 94% / 48/ cases of neonatal deaths were happened in their first week. Reasons documented in the patient history were premature birth 7, natural normal birth 2 cases, spontaneous or ectopic birth 6, with 1 case of weak contraction during the labor. Common documented obstetric complications were premature rupture of membranes 9, oligohydramnios 1, polyhydramnios 1, placental abruption 6, placenta praevia 4, late pregnancy complications 12, fetal hypoxia 5, among them 3 were had emergency C-section and with chronic health conditions were in 6 cases. In 2010, there were 9163 mothers delivered 9200 live births, which in 2014 become 16002 mothers delivered 16107 live births at Urguu Maternity hospital. Neonatal morbidity also decreased 8.6% /795 cases/ in 2010 to the 4% /649 cases/ in 2014. Neonatal mortality was 4.8% /45 cases/ in 2010 and in 2014 counted as 3.1% /51/ at our hospital, from which premature infant mortality were 49% reduced as 39%, showed health care service quality improvement at Urguu maternity hospital. Stillbirth cases decreased from 0.5% /49 cases/ in 2010 to 0.4% /74 cases / in 2014. Single largest risk factor is unrecognized fetal growth restriction which was cause for 34.2% of the all stillbirths’ cases in 2014.

In the framework of the implementation of MDGs, Mongolian government aimed to decrease neonatal mortality by one third in 2015 in comparison with 2000. Rapid urbanization could be seen from the number of pregnancies delivered their babies at Urguu Maternal Hospital. We analyzed the 2014 prenatal mortality data by fetal growth and obstetric complications to find common risk factors for stillbirth and neonatal mortality.We retrospectively analyzed the prenatal mortality data of the Urguu Maternity hospital of Ulaanbaatar city in 2014.In 2014, from 16002 mothers delivered their babies at Urguu Maternity hospital had been registered 74 cases of the stillbirths which are equal to 0.46% and 51 cases of neonatal mortality which is 3.1%. In 2014, 21.6% (16 cases) of the stillbirths are happened for nulliparous women, which support their higher risk of stillbirths than multiparous women across all ages. Their mean age were 29.7, among them youngest is 18, and oldest is 32 years old. Also, 29 cases or 39% of the mothers had fourth and subsequent pregnancies and 17 /23%/ had their fourth and more babies. Regarding the baby sex, 42 cases /56.8%/ of babies were female, 2 case / 2.7%/ haven’t specified in the patient history. 17 had very low birth weight (<1500g), among them 8 were in their less than 30 gestational weeks, including one case of twins, 6 cases were in their 31-35 weeks, 2 including one twin cases were in their 36-41 gestational weeks. According the patient history, main obstetric challenges were 2 were caused by placental abruption, pre-eclampsia caused 3, premature rupture of membranes caused 3 and hemorrhage shock caused 1 case. Among the 21 cases with fetal weight between 1500-2500 g, 11 were in their 30-35, 3 were 36-37 gestational weeks and 6 were full term pregnancies with 37-41 gestational weeks. In one case haven’t identified the fetal sex. Obstetric complications were placental abruption in 7, among them 2 had serious late complications, congenital abnormalities in 2, intra- uterine growth restriction in 1, and 1 case of hemorrhage were identified. In the 34 cases with fetal weight above 2550 g, 12 cases had less than 38 gestational weeks, 16 were 38-40 weeks, and 6 were above 40 weeks age. Among them, 2 cases of twins, 1 case had congenital anomalies, 1 case haven’t received any prenatal services, and 1 case had unattended birth in home. Regarding the obstetric complications, placental abruption 3, uterine scar and placental insufficiency 1, weak contractions 1 case was documented. 3 cases from all 74 were delivered their babies in home, unattended births. Among 51 neonatal death cases, 26 or 51% were female. By classifying maternal age, 15 or 29.4% were nulliparous, from which 1/3 or 5 cases had abortions, previously. Also, 7 or 13.7% were delivered four or more babies, which increased their risks.Regarding the neonatal babies weight, 9 cases had less than 1500 g, with 8 were haven’t reached the 30 gestational weeks. 17 cases with 1500-2500 g weight, 11 were less than 34 weeks and 6 were 34- 38 weeks. For rest 25 cases, 10 were had above 3500 g weight. 94% / 48/ cases of neonatal deaths were happened in their first week. Reasons documented in the patient history were premature birth 7, natural normal birth 2 cases, spontaneous or ectopic birth 6, with 1 case of weak contraction during the labor. Common documented obstetric complications were premature rupture of membranes 9, oligohydramnios 1, polyhydramnios 1, placental abruption 6, placenta praevia 4, late pregnancy complications 12, fetal hypoxia 5, among them 3 were had emergency C-section and with chronic health conditions were in 6 cases. In 2010, there were 9163 mothers delivered 9200 live births, which in 2014 become 16002 mothers delivered 16107 live births at Urguu Maternity hospital. Neonatal morbidity also decreased 8.6%/795 cases/ in 2010 to the 4% /649 cases/ in 2014. Neonatal mortality was 4.8% /45 cases/ in 2010 and in 2014 counted as 3.1% /51/ at our hospital, from which premature infant mortality were 49% reduced as 39%, showed health care service quality improvement at Urguu maternity hospital. Stillbirth cases decreased from 0.5% /49 cases/ in 2010 to 0.4% /74 cases / in 2014. Single largest risk factor is unrecognized fetal growth restriction which was cause for 34.2% of the all stillbirths’ cases in 2014.