INTRODUCTION: The primary objective of this guideline is to establish evidence-based recommendations for the clinical use of parenteral nutrition (PN) in adult patients within the acute hospital setting in Singapore. METHOD: An expert workgroup, consisting of healthcare practitioners actively involved in clinical nutrition support across all public health institutions, systematically evaluated existing evidence and addressed clinical questions relating to PN therapy. RESULTS: This clinical practice guideline developed 30 recommendations for PN therapy, which cover these key aspects related to PN use: indications, patient assess-ment, titration and formulation of PN bags, access routes and devices, and monitoring and management of PN-related complications. CONCLUSION This guideline provides recommendations to ensure appropriate and safe clinical practice of PN therapy in adult patients within the acute hospital setting.
Humans ; Singapore ; Parenteral Nutrition/adverse effects* ; Adult

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) expression promoting inflammatory response in non-small lung cancer cells.Methods:Ten cases of lung cancer tissues and their matched normal tissue (the distance was 5 cm of the tumor marginal) from patients underwent resection in the People′s Hospital of Pingyang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University were collected. The expression of TRIM27 was identified by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. TRIM27 knockdown experiment included negative control (NC TRIM27) group, TRIM27 short interfering RNA (siRNA) group, NC TRIM27+ TNF-α group and TRIM27 siRNA+ TNF-α group. Interlukin-6 (IL-6) knockdown experiment included NC IL-6 group and IL-6 siRNA group. The protein expressions of TRIM27, TNFR1, TNFR2 and some TNFR related inflammation factors were verified by qRT-PCR and WB. Results:The expression levels of TRIM27 in NSCLC tissues of different stages (stage Ⅰ: 2.81±0.58, stage Ⅱ: 3.32±1.38, stage Ⅲ: 3.67±1.24) was higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (1.01±0.15, 0.92±0.10 and 1.05±0.12, P<0.05). The expression levels of TRIM27 mRNA in NC TRIM27 group and NC TRIM27+ TNF-α group were 0.94±0.12 and 1.67±0.03, and the expression levels of TRIM27 protein were 0.31±0.02 and 0.38±0.01, respectively ( P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 mRNA in NC TRIM27+ TNF-α group and TRIM27 siRNA+ TNF-α group were 11.35±0.12 and 5.62±0.15, respectively, and the expression levels of VCAM-1 mRNA were 18.75±0.17 and 9.35±0.11, respectively. STAT3 mRNA expression levels were 16.54±0.10 and 8.12±0.10, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 mRNA in NC IL-6 group and IL-6 siRNA group were 1.10±0.07 and 0.52±0.16, respectively, and the expression levels of STAT3 mRNA were 1.01±0.01 and 0.48±0.12, respectively. The expression levels of TRIM27 mRNA were 1.03±0.01 and 0.30±0.11, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The upregulation of TRIM27 in NSCLC tissue and cells promotes the expression of TNF-α, and may activate inflammatory response by regulating TNF-α-induced IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of tripartite motif-containing 27 (TRIM27) expression promoting inflammatory response in non-small lung cancer cells.Methods:Ten cases of lung cancer tissues and their matched normal tissue (the distance was 5 cm of the tumor marginal) from patients underwent resection in the People′s Hospital of Pingyang Hospital Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University were collected. The expression of TRIM27 was identified by using real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. TRIM27 knockdown experiment included negative control (NC TRIM27) group, TRIM27 short interfering RNA (siRNA) group, NC TRIM27+ TNF-α group and TRIM27 siRNA+ TNF-α group. Interlukin-6 (IL-6) knockdown experiment included NC IL-6 group and IL-6 siRNA group. The protein expressions of TRIM27, TNFR1, TNFR2 and some TNFR related inflammation factors were verified by qRT-PCR and WB. Results:The expression levels of TRIM27 in NSCLC tissues of different stages (stage Ⅰ: 2.81±0.58, stage Ⅱ: 3.32±1.38, stage Ⅲ: 3.67±1.24) was higher than that in the adjacent normal tissues (1.01±0.15, 0.92±0.10 and 1.05±0.12, P<0.05). The expression levels of TRIM27 mRNA in NC TRIM27 group and NC TRIM27+ TNF-α group were 0.94±0.12 and 1.67±0.03, and the expression levels of TRIM27 protein were 0.31±0.02 and 0.38±0.01, respectively ( P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 mRNA in NC TRIM27+ TNF-α group and TRIM27 siRNA+ TNF-α group were 11.35±0.12 and 5.62±0.15, respectively, and the expression levels of VCAM-1 mRNA were 18.75±0.17 and 9.35±0.11, respectively. STAT3 mRNA expression levels were 16.54±0.10 and 8.12±0.10, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 mRNA in NC IL-6 group and IL-6 siRNA group were 1.10±0.07 and 0.52±0.16, respectively, and the expression levels of STAT3 mRNA were 1.01±0.01 and 0.48±0.12, respectively. The expression levels of TRIM27 mRNA were 1.03±0.01 and 0.30±0.11, respectively, with statistical significance ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The upregulation of TRIM27 in NSCLC tissue and cells promotes the expression of TNF-α, and may activate inflammatory response by regulating TNF-α-induced IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway.