Objective To explore the effectiveness of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) for early warning of influenza epidemic using two datasets of reported influenza cases and influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Methods Using the reported cases of influenza and ILI in Daxing District, Beijing, from week 23 of 2018 to week 22 of 2024 as data sets, the CUSUM and EWMA models were established, respectively. The positive rate of influenza etiology was used as the ^“gold standard^”, and the Youden index was used as the evaluation index to compare the early warning effect of the two models under different data sets and different parameters. Results In CUSUM, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.751 and 0.635, respectively. In EWMA, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.544 and 0.464, respectively. The optimal EWMA and CUSUM models could both issue early warning signals in advance of the ^“gold standard^”. Conclusion In the influenza epidemic early warning in Daxing District, Beijing, the CUSUM model established with the reported cases of influenza can achieve good early warning effects, but the model parameters need to be dynamically adjusted according to the local epidemic characteristics.

OBJECTIVE:To explore drug quality dynamic evaluation mechanism based on analysis of drug quality announce-ment data. METHODS:The sorts and types of drugs,places of origin,quantity of production enterprises and frequency distribu-tion of being mentioned were analyzed on the basis of drug quality announcement issued by CFDA and provincial administration in 2013. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Frequency of TCM being mentioned (0.75%) was higher than that of chemical drug (0.30%). Among drugs mentioned more than 10 times,the most chemical drugs were injection (70%) and the most TCM were tablet(66.7%). Among all types,drug types produced by more than 100 enterprises accounted for 62.5%,and those produced by more than 50 enterprises accounted for 93.75%,which indicated the frequency of problems was in relatively direct proportion to the quantity of drug manufacturing enterprises. Top 10 provinces in the list of the number of drug quality announcements showed different characteristics of problem type distribution. In compassion,the quality problems of TCM in Jilin,Guangxi,Mongolia,Si-chuan were prominent,and reference number proportion of involved TCM were 85%,80%,97% and 69%,respectively;the quality problems of chemical drugs in Henan,Shanxi,Jiangsu,Guangdong,Anhui,Shandong should be paid attention,and refer-ence number proportion of involved chemical drugs were 62%,61%,95%,57%,86% and 65%,respectively. It is suggested that the government should carry out the dynamic risk assessment system based on data of drug quality announcement,and strength-en standard management of data collection of local drug quality announcement.