PURPOSE: This study evaluates the effect of behavioral relaxation training on distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.METHODS: The research was conducted in a non-equivalent control group posttest design. Data were collected from endoscopy subjects in B city from October to November of 2018. Fifteen minutes of behavioral relaxation training were provided to the experimental group (n=40) and traditional relaxation therapy methods were provided to the control group (n=40). Outcome measures were distress and cancer screening intention of patients with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Data were analyzed with a χ²-test, independent t-test, Fisher's exact test with SPSS/PC version 23.0.RESULTS: The objective discomfort (t=8.81, p<.001) of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group; there were no significant differences in the subjective discomfort (t=1.73, p=.088). The cancer screening intention (t=−5.85, p<.001) of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group.CONCLUSION: Behavioral relaxation training was effective in heightening cancer screening intention. Therefore it can be usefully applied to increase cancer screening intention.
Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Intention ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Relaxation Therapy ; Relaxation

Since the residency training program in internal medicine changed from a four-year to a three-year program in 2017 in Korea, issues of an optimal training program for the gastrointestinal (GI) fellowship has arisen. Currently, the evaluation criteria for a GI fellowship in Korea include the following; 1) the total number of assigned patients during the training period, 2) the number of GI endoscopy procedures, 3) attendance at academic conferences, and 4) research presentations. However, competency-based training should be introduced in the GI fellowship training program. The current issues of GI fellowship training in Korea include the following; 1) reorganization of the GI fellowship education system and consideration of an optimal training period following the introduction of the three-year internal medicine residency training program, 2) development of a standardized, competency-based GI fellowship training program, 3) provision of a support program for instructors in GI fellowship education, 4) introduction of a mentor-mentee system, 5) introduction of an accreditation system for GI fellowship, 6) supplementation of a GI sub-specialty qualification system, and 7) provision of benefits to GI sub-specialists.
Accreditation ; Congresses as Topic ; Education* ; Endoscopy ; Fellowships and Scholarships* ; Gastroenterology ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Internship and Residency ; Korea*

Tube feeding is used to provide nutritional support to patients who have difficulty taking food orally. A nasogastric tube is commonly used for these patients but there are some complications. Therefore, the oro-esophageal tube feeding method was developed to avoid these disadvantages. A 33-year-old male with a history of right basal ganglia intracranial hemorrhage was admitted to the rehabilitation department for the treatment of dysphagia caused by a new onset left basal ganglia intracranial hemorrhage. After the videofluoroscopic swallowing study, the nasogastric tube feeding was changed to intermittent feeding via an oro-esophageal tube. Unfortunately, the patient swallowed the tube during insertion. Hence, an emergent endoscopy was performed for tube removal. This article reports a rare case of a patient who underwent oro-esophageal tube removal with an esophagogastroduodenoscopy after tube swallowing during insertion. The insertion of an oro-esophageal tube requires a careful approach after considering the cognitive function, muscle strength, and family education.
Adult ; Basal Ganglia ; Cognition ; Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhages ; Male ; Methods ; Muscle Strength ; Nutritional Support ; Rehabilitation

PURPOSE: Quality indicators of the National Endoscopy Quality Improvement Program (NEQIP) and outcome measures of endoscopy in the National Cancer Screening Program (NCSP) in Korea are not clear. We evaluated the quality indicators of the revised NEQIP and outcome measures of endoscopy at different types of healthcare facilities participating in the NCSP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted between March and August 2018 in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare facilities that perform endoscopy as a part of the NCSP. Representative endoscopists completed a questionnaire for quality indicators of the NEQIP and provided data on outcome measures for endoscopy. RESULTS: Quality indicators of the NEQIP were mostly acceptable. However, the quality indicators for annual volume of esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy, training for endoscopy quality improvement by endoscopy nursing staff, colonoscopy reports, documentation of pathologic lesions, quality of endoscopy reprocessing areas, and completion of endoscopy reprocessing education programs were suboptimal. For outcome measures of EGD, the number of photo-documentations and total procedure time were higher at tertiary healthcare facilities than at other facilities (p<0.001 and p=0.023, respectively). For the outcome measures of colonoscopy, colonoscopy completion rate and waiting times for colonoscopy were significantly higher at tertiary healthcare facilities than at other facilities (both p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Outcome measures of endoscopy should be included as quality indicators of NCSP. However, universal outcome measures for all types of healthcare facilities should be established because performance levels of some outcome measures differ among individual healthcare facility types.
Colonoscopy ; Delivery of Health Care ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Digestive System ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Korea ; Mass Screening ; Nursing Staff ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; Quality Improvement ; Tertiary Healthcare

A thorough disinfection and infection control process associated with gastrointestinal endoscopy is highly important for the health and safety of the examinee and the medical staff involved in the procedure. Endoscopic reprocessing and disinfection are two of the most important steps in quality control of endoscopy. In 2019, the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy updated the Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit assessment items for these quality indicators. Assessment of disinfection and infection control comprises 28 mandatory items in the categories of disinfection education, pre-cleaning, cleaning, disinfection, rinsing, drying, reprocessing, storage, endoscopic accessories, water bottle and connectors, space/facilities, personal protective equipment, disinfection ledger, and regulations regarding infection control and disinfection. The updated Accreditation of Qualified Endoscopy Unit assessment items are useful for improving the quality of endoscopy by ensuring thorough inspection of endoscopic disinfection and infection control.
Accreditation ; Disinfection ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Humans ; Infection Control ; Medical Staff ; Personal Protective Equipment ; Quality Control ; Social Control, Formal ; Water

The Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy introduced the Accredited Endoscopy Unit Program to enhance endoscopy unit quality through systematic quality management in 2012. It was gradually expanded from training hospitals to institutions with 100+ beds, and the criteria for certification were applied according to the actual conditions of each institution. On the basis of the continuous communication with the institutions and feedback, the Accredited Endoscopy Unit Program certification criteria were revised in 2019 and introduced as follows: (1) the qualification criteria for endoscopy doctors and nurses; (2) facilities and equipment; (3) endoscopic examination process; (4) performance; (5) disinfection and infection control; and (6) endoscopic sedation. The assessment items consist of essential and recommended items. All essential items must be met for accreditation to be awarded. The assessment criteria for each evaluation area were revised as follows: (1) upgrading assessment criteria; (2) qualification of endoscopists and reinforcement of quality control education; (3) detailed standards for safety, disinfection, endoscopic sedation, and management instructions; and (4) presentation of new performance measurement of endoscopy and colonoscopy.
Accreditation ; Awards and Prizes ; Certification ; Colonoscopy ; Disinfection ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Quality Control

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We used 3-dimensional (3D) printing technology to create a new hemostasis simulator for the stomach and investigated its efficacy and realism in endoscopic hemostasis training. METHODS: A new stomach hemostasis simulator, with two hemostasis modules for hemoclipping and injection, was constructed using a 3D printer. Twenty-one endoscopists, including 11 first-year fellows (beginner group) and 10 faculty members (expert group), tested the performance of the simulator. We recorded and reviewed five training sessions and evaluated the simulator with questionnaires using a 7-point Likert scale. RESULTS: The mean evaluation score of the expert group was 6.3±0.5 for the hemoclipping module and 6.0±0.6 for the injection module. The expert group strongly agreed that endoscopic handling in the simulator was realistic and reasonable for hemostasis training. The mean procedure time for hemoclipping was 72.7±7.1 seconds for the beginner group and 19.7±1.2 seconds for the expert group. The mean procedure time for injection was 92.1±9.8 seconds for the beginner group and 36.3±2 seconds for the expert group. The procedure time of beginner group became shorter with repetition and was significantly lower by the fifth trial. CONCLUSIONS: A new 3D-printed hemostasis simulator is capable of hemostasis training and can very effectively train beginners before they perform the procedure in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding.
Education ; Endoscopy ; Hemorrhage ; Hemostasis ; Hemostasis, Endoscopic ; Humans ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Stomach

BACKGROUND/AIMS: We used three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to create a new biopsy simulator for the stomach and investigated its efficacy and realism in endoscopic biopsy training. METHODS: A novel stomach biopsy simulator, with 10 biopsy sites, was produced using a 3D printer. We enrolled 26 participants, including 10 residents, six first-year fellows, five second-year fellows, and five faculty members. We recorded and reviewed five training sessions and evaluated the simulator with questionnaires using a 7-point Likert scale. RESULTS: The mean completion time (seconds) was 244.8±11.5 for the residents, 107.9±33.4 for the first-year fellows, 106.8±20.1 for the second-year fellows, and 103.8±19.2 for the faculty members. The completion time became shorter with repetition and was significantly lower for residents by the fifth trial (first trial, 347.0±159.5; fifth trial, 169.6±57.7; p=0.007). The faculty members strongly agreed that the simulator realistically reflected endoscopic handling and was reasonable for endoscopic training (scores of 6.2±0.8 and 6.4±0.9, respectively). Importantly, experienced endoscopists reported that the difficulty levels of the 10 biopsy sites in the simulator were a realistic match for the actual stomach. CONCLUSIONS: This endoscopic biopsy simulator created using a 3D printer is a realistic and useful method to improve the biopsy skills of trainee endoscopists.
Biopsy* ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Methods ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Stomach*

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate socioeconomic inequalities in stomach cancer screening in Korea and trends therein across income and education groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from the Korean National Cancer Screening Survey, a nationwide cross-sectional survey, were utilized. A total of 28913 men and women aged 40 to 74 years were included for analysis. Prior experience with stomach cancer screening was defined as having undergone either an endoscopy or gastrointestinal series within the past two years. The slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) were evaluated to check inequalities. RESULTS: Stomach cancer screening rates increased from 40.0% in 2005 to 74.8% in 2015, with an annual percent change of 5.8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.2 to 7.5]. Increases in stomach cancer screening rates were observed for all age, education, and household income groups. Inequalities in stomach cancer screening were noted among individuals of differing levels of education, with a pooled SII estimate of 6.14% (95% CI, 3.94 to 8.34) and RII of 1.26 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.40). Also, income-related inequalities were observed with an SII of 6.93% (95% CI, 4.89 to 8.97) and RII of 1.30 (95% CI, 1.17 to 1.43). The magnitude of inequality was larger for income than for education. CONCLUSION: Both education and income-related inequalities were found in stomach cancer screening, despite a continuous increase in screening rate over the study period. Income-related inequality was greater than education-related inequality, and this was more apparent in women than in men.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer* ; Education ; Endoscopy ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Humans ; Korea* ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Socioeconomic Factors* ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of educational video program delivered using Tablet PC on physical discomfort, uncertainty, state anxiety, and nursing education satisfaction among early gastric cancer patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection. METHODS: The study design was nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 60 patients who were hospitalized to undergo endoscopic submucosal dissection. The experimental group watched educational video using Tablet PC (n=30) and the control group received only the usual education (n=30). The collected data were analyzed using independent t-test to examine study hypothesis. RESULTS: The level of physical discomfort (t=3.05, p=.003) and nursing education satisfaction (t=−2.20, p=.032) in the experimental group were significantly different from that of the control group. However, the level of uncertainty (t=−0.82, p=.418) and state anxiety (t=−1.69, p=.097) in the experimental group were not different from that of the control group. CONCLUSION: The study findings confirm that the educational video program delivered using Tablet PC as an effective intervention alleviating physical discomfort and improving satisfaction regarding nursing education among early gastric cancer patients undergoing endoscopic submucosal dissection. Based on the findings, we believe that the educational video program can be helpful in decreaseing physical discomfort, and it also can be utilized to improve nursing education satisfaction.
Anxiety ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Nursing ; Stomach Neoplasms ; Uncertainty