With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

This article reports a child with cardioaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) caused by a rare microdeletion of chromosome 19p13.3, and a literature review is conducted. The child had unusual facies, short stature, delayed mental and motor development, macrocephaly, and cardiac abnormalities. Whole-exome sequencing identified a 1 040 kb heterozygous deletion in the 19p13.3 region of the child, which was rated as a "pathogenic variant". This is the first case of CFCS caused by a loss-of-function mutation reported in China, which enriches the genotype characteristics of CFCS. It is imperative to enhance the understanding of CFCS in children. Early identification based on its clinical manifestations should be pursued, and genetic testing should be performed to facilitate diagnosis.
Humans ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19/genetics* ; Ectodermal Dysplasia/genetics* ; Facies ; Failure to Thrive/genetics* ; Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics*

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

Objective:The aim of this study is to investigate the independent risk factors of benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)complicated with bladder stones,and construct a nomogram prediction model for clinical progression of bladder stones in pa-tients with BPH.Methods:The clinical data of 368 BPH patients who underwent transurethral resection of the prostate in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2018 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients with BPH were divided into group 1(with bladder stones,n=94)and group 2(without bladder stones,n=274).Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the independent risk factors of bladder stones in patients with BPH.A nomogram mod-el was developed,and the areas under the ROC curve and calibration curve were calculated to assess the accuracy of clinical applica-tion.Results:Logistic analysis showed that age(HR:1.075,95％CI:1.032 to 1.120),hypertension(HR:2.801,95％CI:1.520 to 5.161),blood uric acid(HR:1.006,95％CI:1.002 to 1.010),intravesical prostatic protrusion(HR:1.189,95％CI1.119 to 1.264),prostatic urethral angel(HR:1.127,95％CI:1.078to 1.178)were independent risk factors for bladder stones in patients with BPH.The discrimination of the nomogram model based on independent risk factors to predict the occurrence of bladder stones in pa-tients with BPH was 0.874.Conclusion:The nomogram model can predict the risk of bladder stones in BPH patients with good dif-ferentiation and calibration,which is a good guide for clinical work on BPH patients with high risk of bladder stones.

Objective To observe the curative effect of comprehensive traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)therapy for the treatment of refractory sudden hearing loss(i.e.,suffering sudden hearing loss more than 2 weeks),and to analyze the factors that may affect the prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was carried out in 405 hospitalized patients with refractory sudden hearing loss who were treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology,the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine from 2005 to 2022.The patients were all treated by comprehensive TCM therapy including oral administration of Chinese medicine,acupuncture,acupoint seed-pressing application after individualized syndrome differentiation.The overall clinical efficacy was evaluated,and the difference of efficacy in the patients with various courses of disease,degrees of deafness,types of hearing curve,concomitant symptoms and TCM syndrome types,having or not having previous treatment history was analyzed.Results For the 405 patients with refractory sudden hearing loss,the cure rate was 5.7％and the total effective rate was 28.1％.Among the 405 patients,the best efficacy was achieved in the patients with mild hearing loss,low-frequency decline type of hearing curve,and having no previous treatment history,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the efficacy of patients with different courses of disease,with or without concomitant symptoms,or with various syndrome types(P＞0.05).Conclusion The comprehensive TCM therapy has a certain effect on refractory sudden hearing loss.Patients with poor efficacy after conventional western medicine can still benefit from the comprehensive TCM therapy.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of standardized comprehensive pure traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)treatment for short-course sudden deafness and to explore the influencing factors of clinical efficacy.Methods The clinical data of 516 short-course sudden deafness inpatients(TCM group)who were given standardized comprehensive pure TCM treatment were retrospectively analyzed,and their efficacy were compared with the efficacy of 1 024 cases in the Chinese multicenter clinical study of sudden deafness(western medicine group).The analysis was carried out for the influence of the gender,left or right ear,age group,degree of deafness,type of hearing curve,concomitant symptoms(tinnitus,vertigo,and dullness of the ear),and the TCM syndrome types on the efficacy.Results(1)The comparison of baseline data showed that in comparison with the western medicine group,TCM group had relatively low proportion of low-frequency descending type while relatively high proportion of total deafness type,and had relatively high treatment difficulty.The course of treatment in TCM group was shortened by nearly 2/3 in comparison with the western medicine group(12.60 days vs 30 days).(2)Among the 516 patients of the TCM group,175 cases were cured,121 cases were markedly effective,90 cases were effective and 130 cases were ineffective,and the total effective rate was 74.80%.Compared with the 1 024 cases in the western medicine group,there was no significant difference in the overall efficacy or the efficacy evaluated with the hearing curve classification(P＞0.05).(3)Analysis of influencing factors of curative effect showed that the type of hearing curve was closely related to the curative effect of sudden deafness(P＜0.001).The curative effect of low frequency descent type was the best,and the curative effect of total deafness type was the worst.The cure of deafness was correlated with the degree of deafness,the milder the degree of deafness,the greater the likelihood of recovery(P＜0.001).The curative effect of the patients without vertigo was superior to that of the patients with vertigo(P＜0.001).The curative effect of adolescent patients was superior to that of middle-aged and elderly patients(P＜0.05).There was no correlation between TCM syndrome types and curative effect(P＞0.05).Conclusion Standardized comprehensive pure TCM treatment exerts certain curative effect on short-course sudden deafness,and may have some advantages compared with conventional western medicine treatment.The type of hearing curve,degree of deafness,accompanied by vertigo or not,and age group are the influencing factors of the efficacy.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of bile acid receptor TGR5 activation in renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury and contralateral nephrectomy （uIRIx） model. MethodsIn vivo： C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into Sham group， uIRIx group and uIRIx+ lithcholic acid （LCA） group with 6 mice in each group. Kidney fibrosis was induced by uIRIx model， kidney function was evaluated by blood and urine biochemical indexes， and the degree of kidney injury was evaluated by HE staining. Masson staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the degree of renal fibrosis， and Western Blotting was used to detect the expression of related index proteins of renal cortical fibrosis. Sham group and uIRIx group were set in TGR5^+/+ mice and TGR5^-/- mice respectively， with 6 mice in each group. The degree of renal fibrosis in each group was detected by Western Blotting. In vitro： TGF-β1 was administered to induce pro-fibrosis response in human renal tubular epithelial cell line （HK2 cells）， LCA was used for drug intervention， cytoskeleton was labeled with phalloidin-FITC staining and the expression of fibrosis related indicator protein in HK2 cells was detected by Western Blotting. ResultsIn vivo： Compared with the Sham group， plasma creatinine level （P=0.007） and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio （P=0.041） in uIRIx group were significantly increased， renal cortical protein TGR5 expression （P=0.002） was decreased， Fibronectin expression （P=0.020） and COL1A1 expression （P<0.001） were increased. At the same time， the kidney structure was damaged and collagen deposition was aggravated. LCA intervention effectively improved the kidney function and alleviated the degree of kidney injury and fibrosis. TGR5 gene knockout increased uIRIx-induced Fibronectin expression （P<0.001） and COL1A1 expression （P=0.001） compared with TGR5^+/+ mice. In vitro： TGF-β1 induced morphological changes of HK2 cells， cytoskeletal depolymerization and recombination， and promoted the up-regulation of fibrosis index protein. LCA effectively inhibited the morphological changes and skeletal depolymerization induced by TGF-β1， and down-regulated the expression of fibrosis related indicator proteins. ConclusionsLCA alleviated renal fibrosis induced by uIRIx model， and knockout of TGR5 gene aggravated uIRIx induced renal fibrosis； In HK2 cells， LCA alleviated fibrogenic reaction induced by TGF-β1. This indicates that activation of TGR5 alleviates renal fibrosis induced by uIRIx.

Objective To investigate the Gram-positive coccus resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Methods All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 1 974 pathogenic Gram-positive coccus from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,the prevalence of methicillin resistant Stapylococcus aureus(MRSA)and methicillin resistant Stapylococcus epidermidis(MRSE)were 36.4％and 79.9％respectively.No vancomycin insensitivity Staphylococcus was detected.Staphylococcus aureus were 100％susceptibility to linezolid and teicoplanin.Antibiotic resistance rate of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium to ampicillin were 3.1％and 92.9％.The detectation rate of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus(VRE)was 1.6％.Nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecalis to linezolid was 32.2％,two consecutive monitoring rises and nonsusceptibility rate of Enterococcus faecium(12.5％)was also significantly increased.The prevalence of penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae(PNSSP)was 0.8％based on non-meningitis and parenteral administration criterion,decrease of nearly 30 percentage points from the previous surveillance.While for cases of oral penicillin,the rate was 71.8％,showing similar to last time.The results indicated that the number of strains with higher MIC value of penicillin(MIC ≥4 mg·L-1)decreased significantly.There were no significant differences of resistance rates of Stapylococcus aureus,Stapylococcus epidermidis,Enterococcus faecalis,Enterococcus faecium and Streptococcus pneumoniae among various groups such as different department,age,or specimen source.Conclusion VRE detection ratio stablized at a relatively low level.The number of Streptococcus pneumoniae with higher MIC value of penicillin decreased significantly compared with the previous monitoring.The increase of linezolidin-insensitive Enterococcus was noteworthy.

Objective To investigate the Gram-negative bacteria resistance in nationwide's tertiary hospitals and understand the trend of antimicrobial resistance.Method All the clinical isolates were collected from 19 hospitals and the minimal inhibitory concentrations(MICs)were tested using agar/broth dilution method recommended.Results A total of 4 066 pathogenic isolates from 19 tertiary hospitals in 19 cities nationwide over the period from July 2021 to June 2022 were studied.Based on the MIC results,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed extended spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)phenotype rates of 55.0％and 21.0％,respectively,ESBLs phenotype rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae keep going down.The ratios of carbapenems resistance Klebsiella pneumoniae increased by 5 percentage points compared with the previous monitoring.Carbapenems,moxalactam,sitafloxacin,β-lactam combination agents,fosfomycin trometamol,and amikacin displayed desirable antibacterial activity against Enterbacterales,susceptibal rates were above 75％.In addition,tigacycline,omacycline,colistin and fluoxefin maintained good antibacterial activity against their respective effective bacteria/species,and the bacterial sensitivity rates by more than 80％.Resistance rates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannnii to imipenem were 26.3％and 72.1％and multidrug-resistant(MDR)detection rates were 41.1％and 77.3％,extensively drug-resistant(XDR)were 12.0％and 71.8％,respectively.Comparison of drug resistance rates from different wards,ages and specimen sources indicated that the proportion of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from intensive care unit(ICU)were significantly higher than non-ICU.Carbapenem resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from ICU were more than 35％.Resistance rates of Haemophilus influenzae isolated in children to β-lactam,macrolide,clindamycin and ESBLs detection rate in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from children were more than those from adults and the old people,so bacterial resistance in children is an important problem in China.Conclusion ESBLs detection rate of Escherichia coli increased slightly after years of continuous decline.The proportion of carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was stable,but the resistance rate of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii to carbapenems was still increased,which should be paid more attention.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of curcumin on the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma and analyze its regulation mechanism. METHODS: In RCC cell lines of A498 and 786-O, the effects of curcumin (2.5, 5, 10 µ mo/L) on the proliferation were analyzed by Annexin V+PI staining. Besides, A498 was inoculated into nude mice to establish tumorigenic models, and the model mice were treated with different concentrations of curcumin (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg), once daily for 30 days. Then the tumor diameter was measured, the tumor cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining, and the protein expressions of miR-148 and ADAMTS18 were detected by immunohistochemistry. In vitro, after transfection of miR-148 mimics, miR-148 inhibitor or si-ADAMTS18 in cell lines, the expression of ADAMTS18 was examined by Western blotting and the cell survival rate was analyzed using MTT. Subsequently, Western blot analysis was again used to examine the autophagy phenomenon by measuring the relative expression level of LC3-II/LC3-I; autophagy-associated genes, including those of Beclin-1 and ATG5, were also examined when miR-148 was silenced in both cell lines with curcumin treatment. RESULTS: Curcumin could inhibit the proliferation of RCC in cell lines and nude mice. The expression of miR-148 and ADAMTS18 was upregulated after curcumin treatment both in vitro and in vivo (P<0.05). The cell survival rate was dramatically declined upon miR-148 or ADAMTS18 upregulated. However, si-ADAMTS18 treatment or miR-148 inhibitor reversed these results, that is, both of them promoted the cell survival rate. CONCLUSION Curcumin can inhibit the proliferation of renal cell carcinoma by regulating the miR-148/ ADAMTS18 axis through the suppression of autophagy in vitro and in vivo. There may exist a positive feedback loop between miR-148 and ADAMTS18 gene in RCC.
Animals ; Mice ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell/metabolism* ; Curcumin/therapeutic use* ; MicroRNAs/metabolism* ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Kidney Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Autophagy ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; ADAMTS Proteins/metabolism*