With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

BACKGROUND: Modern acupuncture anesthesia is a combination of Chinese and Western medicine that integrates the theories of acupuncture with anesthesia. However, some clinical studies of acupuncture anesthesia lack specific descriptions of randomization, allocation concealment, and blinding processes, with subsequent systematic reviews indicating a risk of bias. OBJECTIVE: Clinical trial registration is essential for the enhancement of the quality of clinical trials. This study aims to summarize the status of clinical trial registrations for acupuncture anesthesia listed on the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP). SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the ICTRP for clinical trials related to acupuncture anesthesia registered between January 1, 2001 and May 31, 2023. Additionally, related publications were retrieved from PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Wanfang Data. Registrations and publications were analyzed for consistency in trial design characteristics. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Clinical trials that utilized one of several acupuncture-related therapies in combination with pharmacological anesthesia during the perioperative period were eligible for this review. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS: Data extracted from articles included type of surgical procedure, perioperative symptoms, study methodology, type of intervention, trial recruitment information, and publication information related to clinical enrollment. RESULTS: A total of 166 trials related to acupuncture anesthesia from 21 countries were included in the analysis. The commonly reported symptoms in the included studies were postoperative nausea and vomiting (19.9%) and postoperative pain (13.3%). The concordance between the publications and the trial protocols in the clinical registry records was poor, with only 31.7% of the studies being fully compatible. Inconsistency rates were high for sample size (39.0%, 16/41), blinding (36.6%, 15/41), and secondary outcome indicators (24.4%, 10/41). CONCLUSION The volume of acupuncture anesthesia clinical trials registered in international trial registries over the last 20 years is low, with insufficient disclosure of results. Postoperative nausea and vomiting as well as postoperative pain, are the most investigated for acupuncture intervention. Please cite this article as: Li Y, Liu YN, Guo Z, Gu ME, Wang WJ, Zhu Y, Zhuang XJ, Chen LM, Zhou J, Li J. Current situation of clinical trial registration in acupuncture anesthesia: A scoping review. J Integr Med. 2025; 23(3): 256-263.
Humans ; Acupuncture Analgesia ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Anesthesia ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Registries

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

This study aims to investigate the effects of Bushen Huoxue Decoction regulating adipose-derived stem cells(ADSCs)-exosomes(Exos) on the apoptosis of intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK) signaling pathway. Tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide(TBHP)-induced NPCs were divided into control, model, drug-containing serum, blank Exos, normal serum Exos, and drug-containing serum Exos groups. Cell viability and proliferation were examined by the CCK-8 assay and EdU staining, respectively. The cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to measure the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α, and IL-6. The mRNA levels of aggrecan, collagen type Ⅱ alpha 1 chain(COL2A1), and ERK were determined by qRT-PCR, and the protein levels of aggrecan, COL2A1, and p-ERK were determined by Western blot. The results showed that compared with the model group, the treatments with drug-containing serum, blank Exos, and normal serum Exos enhanced the viability and proliferation of NPCs, decreased the proportion of cells in the G_0/G_1 phase, increased the proportion of cells in the S phase, reduced apoptosis, lowered the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan and COL2A1, and down-regulated the mRNA level of ERK and the protein level of p-ERK. Compared with the drug-containing serum, blank Exos, and normal serum Exos groups, the treatment with drug-containing serum Exos enhanced the viability and proliferation of NPCs, decreased the proportion of cells in the G_0/G_1 phase, increased the cells in the S phase, reduced apoptosis, lowered the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan and COL2A1, and down-regulated the mRNA level of ERK and the protein level of p-ERK. The results confirmed that the Exos secreted by ADSCs after treatment with Bushen Huoxue Decoction-containing serum promoted the proliferation of degenerated NPCs, inhibited apoptosis and the expression of inflammatory mediators, and promoted the production of proteoglycans and collagen, thus delaying the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration, the mechanism of which was related to the regulation of the ERK signaling pathway.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration/drug therapy* ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Nucleus Pulposus/cytology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Animals ; Rats ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Collagen Type II/metabolism* ; Humans ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Aggrecans/metabolism* ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Male ; Cells, Cultured ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism*

This paper aims to investigate the effects and mechanisms of adipose-derived stem cells-exosomes(ADSCs-exos) toge-ther with aucubin in protecting human-derived nucleus pulposus cells(NPCs) from inflammatory injury, senescence, and apoptosis. The tert-butyl hydroperoxide(TBHP)-induced NPCs were assigned into normal, model, aucubin, ADSCs-exos, and aucubin+ADSCs-exos groups. The cell viability was examined by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8), cell proliferation by EdU staining, cell senescence by senescence-associated-β-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal), and cell cycle and apoptosis by flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to examine the expression of interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α). Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of aggregated proteoglycan(aggrecan), type Ⅱ collagen alpha 1(COL2A1), Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4), and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB). The results showed that compared with the model group, the aucubin or ADSCs-exos group showed enhanced viability and proliferation of NPCs, decreased proportion of G_0/G_1 phase cells, increased proportion of S phase cells, reduced apoptosis and proportion of cells in senescence, lowered IL-1β and TNF-α levels, elevated IL-10 level, down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB, and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan and COL2A1. Compared with the aucubin or ADSCs-exos group, the aucubin+ADSCs-exos combination further increased the viability and proliferation of NPCs, decreased the proportion of G_0/G_1 phase cells, increased the proportion of S phase cells, reduced the apoptosis and proportion of cells in senescence, lowered the IL-1β and TNF-α levels, elevated the IL-10 level, down-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and NF-κB, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of aggrecan and COL2A1. In summary, both aucubin and ADSCs-exos could exert protective effects by inhibiting inflammatory responses, reducing apoptosis and senescence of NPCs, improving cell viability and proliferation as well as extracellular matrix synthesis, which may be associated with the inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation. The combination of both plays a synergistic role in the protective effects.
Humans ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Interleukin-10 ; Nucleus Pulposus/metabolism* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism* ; Aggrecans/metabolism* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism*

This study aims to explore the effect and mechanism of Danggui Buxue Decoction(DBD)-containing serum in alleviating the H9c2 cell injury caused by the exposure to intermittent low oxygen. H9c2 cells were assigned into five groups: control(CON) group, intermittent low oxygen(IH) group, intermittent low oxygen plus DBD-containing serum(IH+DBD) group, intermittent low oxygen plus the autophagy enhancer rapamycin(IH+RAPA) group, and intermittent low oxygen plus DBD-containing serum and the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(IH+DBD+3-MA) group. Monodansylcadaverine(MDC) staining was employed to detect the changes of autophagosomes. Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay was employed to determine the activity of myocardial cells, and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and creatine kinase(CK) kits were used to measure the LDH and CK levels in the cell culture, which would reflect the degree of cell damage. TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL) staining was used to detect the apoptosis of myocardial cells, and JC-1 fluorescence probe to detect the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot was employed to determine the expression levels of the autophagy-related proteins microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3Ⅱ(LC3Ⅱ), microtubule-associated proteins light chain 3Ⅰ(LC3Ⅰ), P62, Parkin and apoptosis related proteins pro caspase-3, caspase-3, B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X(Bax). The results showed that compared with the CON group, the IH group showed decreased fluorescence intensity of MDC staining, decreased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, down-regulated Parkin expression, and up-regulated expression of P62. In addition, the IH group showed decreased cell survival rate, increased content of LDH and CK in the culture medium, increased number of TUNEL positive cells, and decreased pro caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bcl-2/Bax ratios and mitochondrial membrane potential. Compared with the IH group, the IH+DBD and IH+RAPA groups showed increased fluorescence intensity of MDC staining, increased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, up-regulated Parkin expression, and down-regulated P62 expression. In addition, the two groups showed increased cell survival rate, reduced content of LDH and CK in the culture medium, decreased number of TUNEL positive cells, and increased pro caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bcl-2/Bax ratios and mitochondrial membrane potential. The IH+DBD+3-MA and IH groups showed no significant differences in the above indicators. Compared with the IH+DBD group, the IH+DBD+3-MA group showed decreased fluorescence intensity of MDC staining, decreased LC3Ⅱ/LC3Ⅰ ratio, down-regulated Parkin expression, and up-regulated P62 expression. In addition, the group had decreased cell survival rate, increased content of LDH and CK in the culture medium, increased number of TUNEL positive cells, decreased pro caspase-3/caspase-3 and Bcl-2/Bax ratios, and declined mitochon-drial membrane potential. To sum up, DBD could promote the mitophagy, inhibit the apoptosis, and alleviated the injury of H9c2 cells exposed to low oxygen.
Oxygen ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein/metabolism* ; Caspase 3/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins

COVID-19 is caused by coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Current systemic vaccines generally provide limited protection against viral replication and shedding within the airway. Recombinant VSV (rVSV) is an effective vector which inducing potent and comprehensive immunities. Currently, there are two clinical trials investigating COVID-19 vaccines based on VSV vectors. These vaccines were developed with spike protein of WA1 which administrated intramuscularly. Although intranasal route is ideal for activating mucosal immunity with VSV vector, safety is of concern. Thus, a highly attenuated rVSV with three amino acids mutations in matrix protein (VSV_MT) was developed to construct safe mucosal vaccines against multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. It demonstrated that spike protein mutant lacking 21 amino acids in its cytoplasmic domain could rescue rVSV efficiently. VSV_MT indicated improved safeness compared with wild-type VSV as the vector encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. With a single-dosed intranasal inoculation of rVSV_ΔGMT-S_Δ21, potent SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralization antibodies could be stimulated in animals, particularly in term of mucosal and cellular immunity. Strikingly, the chimeric VSV encoding S_Δ21 of Delta-variant can induce more potent immune responses compared with those encoding S_Δ21 of Omicron- or WA1-strain. VSV_MT is a promising platform to develop a mucosal vaccine for countering COVID-19.

Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO), a metabolite of gut microbiota, is closely associated with chronic kidney disease(CKD). It can aggravate the kidney injury and promote the occurrence of complications of CKD mainly by inducing renal fibroblast activation, vascular endothelial inflammation, macrophage foaming, platelet hyperreactivity, and inhibition of reverse cholesterol transport. Thus it is of great significance for clinical treatment of CKD to regulate circulating TMAO and alleviate its induced body damage. Currently, therapeutic strategies for TMAO regulation include dietary structure adjustment, lifestyle intervention, intestinal microflora regulation, and inhibition of intestinal trimethylamine synthesis and liver trimethylamine oxidation. Chinese medicinal herbs have the clinical advantage of multi-component and multi-target effects, and application of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) to synergistically regulating TMAO and improving CKD via multiple pathways has broad prospects. This study systematically reviewed the clinical relevance and mechanism of TMAO in aggravating CKD renal function deterioration and complication progression. In addition, the effect and mechanism of TCM in improving TMAO-induced kidney injury, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis and osteoporosis were summarized. The results provided a theoretical basis for TCM in attenuating gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO and improving CKD, as well as a basis and direction for in-depth clinical development and mechanism research in the future.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/drug therapy*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) level and the risk of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) recurrence in hypertensive patients. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted among 211 hypertensive patients with AIS treated in Foshan First People's Hospital, including 35 patients with recurrence of AIS during the 1-year follow-up as confirmed by head CT/MR. In the overall patients, 60 had grade 1 hypertension (including 5 recurrent cases), 76 had grade 2 hypertension (with 11 recurrent cases), and 75 had grade 3 hypertension (with 19 recurrent cases). Univariate analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, trend analysis, and smooth curve fitting analysis were performed to explore the correlation between serum Lp-PLA2 level within 24 h after admission and the risk of AIS recurrence. The predictive efficacy of serum Lp-PLA2 level for AIS recurrence in different hypertension grades was evaluated using ROC curve analysis. RESULTS: Serum Lp-PLA2 level, age, NIHSS score at admission, mRS scores at 7 days, homocysteine level and smoking status differed significantly between patients with and without AIS recurrence (P < 0.05). After adjustment for confounding factors, multivariate regression analysis showed that the highest tertile of Lp-PLA2 level was associated with a 4.13-fold increase of AIS recurrence risk compared with the lowest tertile (OR=5.13, 95% CI: 1.35-19.40), and each 1 ng/mL increase of Lp-PLA2 level was associated with a 1% increase of AIS recurrence risk (OR= 1.01, 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Serum Lp-PLA2 level was shown to positively correlate with AIS recurrence risk, and in patients with grade 3 hypertension, its areas under the ROC curve for predicting AIS recurrence was 0.869 with a specificity of 0.893 and a sensitivity of 0.737. CONCLUSION Serum Lp-PLA2 concentration is an independent risk factor and potentially an effective predictor for AIS recurrence in patients with grade 3 hypertension.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; Acute Disease ; Biomarkers ; Brain Ischemia/etiology* ; Case-Control Studies ; Cerebral Infarction ; Hypertension/complications* ; Ischemic Stroke/complications* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stroke

This study was aimed to observe the distribution of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor A (MrgA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus of normal rats and its expression in neuropathic pain, and to provide morphological evidence for CSF-contacting nucleus to participate in neuropathic pain. The model of neuropathic pain with chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was made in Sprague-Dawley rats. The thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) and mechanical withdrawal threshold (MWT) were measured. The expressions of MrgA in the CSF-contacting nucleus were examined by double labeling with immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that on the 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th days, the values of MWT and TWL in CCI group were all lower than those in sham group (P < 0.05). MrgA was found to be distributed in CSF-contacting nucleus of normal rats; and the expression was markedly up-regulated in rats at the peak of neuropathic pain. Our data suggest that CSF-contacting nucleus may participate in neuropathic pain through the MrgA-mediated signaling pathway.
Animals ; Neuralgia ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism* ; Staphylococcal Protein A/metabolism* ; Up-Regulation