The working principle and development of flexible semiconductor devices based on organic field effect transistor(OFET)technology were introduced.The current research status of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were reviewed,including biomechanical monitoring devices,tattoo biomonitoring devices and cellular detection devices and etc.The deficiencies of OFET-based wearable flexible monitoring devices were analyzed,and it's pointed out that miniaturization,personalization and diversification were the directions for the development of the future OFET-based wearable flexible moni-toring devices.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(1):93-100]

Objective: To analyze the short-term effect of individual atmospheric PM_2.5 exposure on the diversity, enterotype, and community structure of gut microbiome in healthy elderly people in Jinan, Shandong province. Methods: The present panel study recruited 76 healthy elderly people aged 60-69 years old in Dianliu Street, Lixia District, Jinan, Shandong Province, and followed them up five times from September 2018 to January 2019. The relevant information was collected by questionnaire, physical examination, precise monitoring of individual PM_2.5 exposure, fecal sample collection and gut microbiome 16S rDNA sequencing. The Dirichlet multinomial mixtures (DMM) model was used to analyze the enterotype. Linear mixed effect model and generalized linear mixed effect model were used to analyze the effect of PM_2.5 exposure on gut microbiome α diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, Chao1, and ACE indices), enterotype and abundance of core species. Results: Each of the 76 subjects participated in at least two follow-up visits, resulting in a total of 352 person-visits. The age of 76 subjects was (65.0±2.8) years old with BMI (25.0±2.4) kg/m². There were 38 males accounting for 50% of the subjects. People with an educational level of primary school or below accounted for 10.5% of the 76 subjects, and those with secondary school and junior college or above accounting for 71.1% and 18.4%. The individual PM_2.5 exposure concentration of 76 subjects during the study period was (58.7±53.7) μg/m³. DMM model showed that the subjects could be divided into four enterotypes, which were mainly driven by Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Linear mixed effects model showed that different lag periods of PM_2.5 exposure were significantly associated with a lower gut α diversity index (FDR<0.05 after correction). Further analysis showed that PM_2.5 exposure was significantly associated with changes in the abundances of Firmicutes (Megamonas, Blautia, Streptococcus, etc.) and Bacteroidetes (Alistipes) (FDR<0.05 after correction). Conclusion: Short-term PM_2.5 exposure is significantly associated with a decrease in gut microbiome diversity and changes in the abundance of several species of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the elderly. It is necessary to further explore the underlying mechanisms between PM_2.5 exposure and the gut microbiome, so as to provide a scientific basis for promoting the intestinal health of the elderly.
Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Feces/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Particulate Matter ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Female

Abstract：Objective To improve the replication level of varicella⁃zoster virus（VZV）in human diploid cell line MRC⁃5 and increase the yield of VZV vaccine by reducing the expression of interferon（IFN）related genes via optimizing the cell line MRC⁃5. Methods Interferon receptor 1（IFNAR1）silenced MRC⁃5 cell line（MRC⁃5IFNAR1⁃）was constructed by CRISPR／Cas9 gene editing technology，which was determined for the relative expression of IFNAR1 mRNA，and for those of mRNA of IFN related genes IFNβ and OAS1 after VZV infection by qRT⁃PCR to evaluate the effect of gene silencing. Gene mutation sequences were further identified by sequencing of the silenced sites. The replication of VZV in MRC⁃5 and MRC⁃5IFNAR1⁃ cell lines was compared 168 h after VZV infection by using qRT⁃PCR and plaque formation unit（PFU）assay， to evaluate the effect of MRC⁃5IFNAR1⁃cell line on VZV replication. Results The growth status of MRC⁃5IFNAR1⁃ cell line wasconsistent with that of MRC ⁃ 5 cells，and the relative expression of IFNAR1 mRNA decreased by 73%；The relative expressions of IFNβ and OAS1 mRNA in MRC⁃5IFNAR1⁃ cell line were 61% and 90% lower than those in MRC⁃ 5 cells respectively after VZV infection；In addition，168 h after VZV infection，the level of DNA replication and the titer of VZV increased by 5. 7 folds and 4 folds respectively. Conclusion The successful establishment of MRC⁃5IFNAR1⁃ cell line may be a potential scheme to increase the yield of vaccines based on human diploid cells，and provided a reference for expanding production of VZV vaccine.

For a long time, the cultivation of medical students’ scientific research and innovation abilitymainly depends on scattered extracurricular scientific research activities. With limited students, unsystematic teaching and inadequate administrative guarantee, it often results in obvious weakness andinefficiency. Since 2002, the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology teaching team in Shantou UniversityMedical College has been working on a “3+X” model to nurture the scientific research and innovationability of medical students. Guided by the concepts of complementary development of science andeducation, student-centeredness, and Problem-based Learning, a model is established based on the‘HEART” professionalism courses and the academy culture specific to Shantou University. We also takefull advantage of the first-tier disciplines of biology, basic medicine and clinical medicine in ShantouUniversity and collaborate with other professional teaching teams. It is conceptualized in a framework thatembraces the comprehensive connotation of scientific research and innovation ability and adopts a corecurriculum system that runs through the 5-year medical undergraduate education. In this model, " 3" means " whole-person training", " whole-process training" and " omni-directional training" for medicalstudents; " X" refers to several confirmatory dimensions of the operational effectiveness of the " 3+X" model, including organizing medical students to participate in various forms of national college students’ innovative experimental research competitions, international college students’ academic seminars, writingand publishing academic papers by medical undergraduates as the first author, etc. The model proves tobe effective in cultivating the scientific research and innovation ability of medical students, hence settinga good example to solve the current problems in the cultivation of medical students’ scientific researchand innovation ability.

Objective To investigate the bacterial community diversity in Dermatophagoides farinae. Methods Laboratory-cultured D. farinae was collected, and the composition of microbial communities was determined by sequence analyses of the V4 region in the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene on an Illumina PE250 high-throughput sequencing platform. Following quality control and filtering of the raw sequence files, valid reads were obtained and subjected to operational taxonomic units (OTU) clustering and analysis of the composition of microbial communities and alpha diversity index using the Usearch software, Silva database, and Mothur software. Results A total of 187 616 valid reads were obtained, and 469 OTUs were clustered based on a sequence similarity of more than 97%. OTU annotation showed that the bacteria in D. farinae belonged to 26 phyla, 43 classes, 100 orders, 167 families and 284 genera. The bacteria in D. farinae were mainly annotated to five phyla of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, and Acidobacteriota, with Proteobacteria as the dominant phylum, and mainly annotated to five dominant genera of Ralstonia, norank-f-Mitochondria, Staphylococcus and Sphingomonas, with Wolbachia identified in the non-dominant genus. Conclusions A high diversity is identified in the composition of the bacterial community in D. farinae, and there are differences in bacterial community diversity and abundance among D. farinae.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effect of anterior clinoid process grinding in the treatment of ophthalmic / superior clinoid process aneurysms and sellar tumors.Methods:The clinical data of 16 patients who underwent anterior clinoid process grinding in Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to July 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 1 patient with recurrent craniopharyngioma, 1 patient with recurrent pituitary adenoma, 13 patients with aneurysms, and 1 patient with suprasellar granulosa cell tumor combined with ophthalmic aneurysm of right internal carotid artery. The Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score was used to evaluate the situation at discharge and in the medium-and-long term.Results:Sixteen patients underwent anterior clinoidprocess grinding. At discharge and the latest follow-up, the mRS scores of the patients were 0-2. A total of 15 aneurysms were treated, and there were no symptoms of visual loss or visual field defect after operation. No cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred in all patients.Conclusions:The grinding of anterior clinoid process can effectively and fully stretch the optic nerve and internal carotid artery, and can observe the tumor neck at the lower end of pituitary stalk and the ocular segment/superior clinoid process of internal carotid artery under direct vision. It is one of the important auxiliary methods for the treatment of sellar lesions.

ObjectiveLymphomatosis cerebri （LC） is a very rare variant of central nervous system lymphoma （PCNSL）. However， there are few reports at present and LC has worse prognosis than other types of PCNSL. Hence， this study reports 3 cases of LC whose pathologic features had been clarified through stereotactic brain biopsy， to better characterize LC in order to improve early diagnosis and treatment. MethodsFrom January 2017 to July 2020， the clinical manifestations， imaging and neuropathology of 3 patients diagnosed with LC in Lingnan Hospital of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsThe 3 patients were 44-year-old， 61-year-old， and 64-year-old males with neurological dysfunction such as progressive cognitive decline， blurred vision， and lower limb weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） revealed diffuse white matter lesions in the bilateral brain， which were manifested as long T1 and long T2 signal and demonstrated increased signal intensity on T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery （T2-FLAIR） sequences and slightly higher in diffusion weighted imaging （DWI）. Stereotactic brain biopsy specimen showed diffuse B cells infiltration， CD20 （+）， consistent with LC. ConclusionsLC is a rare variant of central nervous system lymphoma that usually has no specific clinical performance， so the doctor can easily succumb to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. MRI evidence of bilateral hemispheric involvement should be alerts for this diagnosis. Brain biopsy should be early performed to clarify the pathology， which is of great significance for early diagnosis and prognosis.

Objective To investigate the role of insular cortex in amygdala-kindled seizures in rats.Methods Forty-eight healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group (n=8),sham-operated group (n=8) and amygdala-kindled group (n=32); no treatment was performed in the blank control group,and only implantation of electrodes was performed in the sham-operated group; implantation of electrodes and electrophotoluminescence were performed in the amygdala-kindled group to induce amygdala-kindled seizure models.Rats in the amygdala-kindled group was divided into 4sub-groups (n=8) at different times after the kindling (1,3,6 and 12 h).Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry staining were employed to investigate the altered mRNA and protein expressions of activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) in the hippocampus and insula of the rat brain.Results As compared with that in the blank control group and sham-operated group,Arc mRNA expression in the amygdala-kindled sub-groups increased at 1 h after the kindling (P＜0.05),peaked at 3 h after the kindling (P＜0.05),and returned to basic level at 6 h after the kindling (P＞0.05).As compared with that in the blank control group and sham-operated group,Arc protein expression in the amygdala-kindled sub-groups increased at 3 h after the kindling,(P＜0.05),peaked at 6 h after the kindling (P＜0.05),and returned to basic level at 12 h after the kindling (P＞0.05).No significant difference on mRNA and protein expressions of Arc was noted between the sham-operated group and blank control group (P＞0.05).Conclusion Insular cortex,the amygdala and the hippocampus form a focus complex,which participates in the occurrence of temporal lobe epilepsy.

OBJECTIVETo study the pulmonary pathology in patients died of fatal human influenza A(H1N1) infection.

METHODSEight cases of fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection, including 2 autopsy cases and 6 paramortem needle puncture biopsies, were enrolled into the study. Histologic examination, immunohistochemitry, flow cytometry and Western blotting were carried out.

RESULTSThe major pathologic changes included necrotizing bronchiolitis with surrounding inflammation, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage. Influenza viral antigen expression was detected in the lung tissue by Western blotting. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the presence of nuclear protein and hemagglutinin virus antigens in parts of trachea, bronchial epithelium and glands, alveolar epithelium, macrophages and endothelium. Flow cytometry showed that the apoptotic rate of type II pneumocytes (32.15%, 78.15%) was significantly higher than that of the controls (1.93%, 3.77%).

CONCLUSIONNecrotizing bronchiolitis, diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary hemorrhage followed by pulmonary fibrosis in late stage are the major pathologic changes in fatal human influenza A (H1N1) infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alveolar Epithelial Cells ; pathology ; Antigens, Viral ; metabolism ; Apoptosis ; Autopsy ; Biopsy, Needle ; Bronchiolitis, Viral ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ; metabolism ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; metabolism ; mortality ; pathology ; virology ; Lung ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Alveoli ; pathology ; Pulmonary Fibrosis ; pathology ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDVital capacity induction and tidal breathing induction are currently administered for inhalation induction of anesthesia with sevoflurane. The aim of this study was to compare them using sevoflurane with respect to induction time, complications of inhalation induction, and compound A production in adult patients.

METHODSFifty-one women with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-II undergoing mammary gland tumorectomy were randomly assigned to receive either vital capacity induction or tidal breathing induction with 8% sevoflurane at 6 L/min followed by laryngeal mask airway insertion. Induction times, complications of inhalation induction, and vital signs were recorded. Inspired concentrations of compound A were assayed and sofnolime temperatures were monitored at one-minute intervals after sevoflurane administration.

RESULTSThe time to loss of eyelash reflex was significantly shorter with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique ((43.8 ± 13.4) seconds vs. (70.8 ± 16.4) seconds, respectively; P < 0.01). Cardiovascular stability was similar in both groups. The incidence of complications was significantly less with the vital capacity induction technique than with the tidal breathing induction technique (7.7% vs. 32%, respectively; P < 0.01). However, the mean and maximum concentrations of compound A during induction were significantly higher in the vital capacity group than those in the tidal breathing group (P < 0.05); compound A concentration at the beginning of anesthesia maintenance was (40.73 ± 10.83) ppm in the vital capacity group and (29.45 ± 7.51) ppm in tidal breathing group (P = 0.019).

CONCLUSIONFor inhalation induction of anesthesia, the vital capacity induction was faster and produced fewer complications than that for tidal breathing induction, but increased compound A production in the circuit system.

Adult ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; methods ; Anesthetics, Inhalation ; pharmacology ; Ethers ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Humans ; Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated ; metabolism ; Methyl Ethers ; pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Temperature ; Tidal Volume ; Vital Capacity