OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of occupational stress related factors on depression symptoms among 244 policemen in a city in China.

METHODSIn May 2011, 287 policemen from a city public security bureau were recruited to this survey by cluster sampling method. We deleted questionnaires which include missing variables on demographic characteristics and factors associated with occupational stress questionnaires which include over 3 missing items. 244 policemen were included in this study. Depression symptoms and occupational stressors were measured using Chinese version of depression self-reported questionnaire, job content questionnaire, Chinese version of effort-reward imbalances questionnaire, job hazard scale and occupational stress inventory. Depression symptom scores and the relationship between the variables and occupational stress were analyzed by Spearman correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis.

RESULTSThe Median (P25-P75) of depression symptom scores of all respondents was 16.50 (11.00-25.00). 144 were policemen with no depression symptoms and 100 were with depression symptoms. The median (P25-P75) of depression symptoms scores among policemen with length of serves <10, 10-19, 20-29 and ≥30 was 17.00 (8.00-26.00), 16.00 (11.00-24.50), 19.00 (12.00-27.00), and 12.00 (6.25-15.00), respectively. The difference of scores was significant among length of serves groups (χ2=9.52, P=0.023). The scores of psychological demands, sleep disorder, daily life stress and negative affectivity among policemen with depression symptoms were 17.00 (8.00-26.00), 16.00 (11.00-24.50), 19.00 (12.00-27.00), and 12.00 (6.25-15.00), respectively, which were higher than those with no depression symptoms (24.00 (22.00-25.00), 8.00 (5.00-13.00), 8.00 (6.00-10.00), 1.00 (0-2.75)), and the differences were significant (Z=3.82, 5.39, 5.15, 6.41, P<0.001). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that depression symptoms score was positively related to sleep disorder, commitment effort, psychological demands, daily life stress, negative affectivity and job hazards scores. Correlations coefficient were 0.44, 0.28, 0.28, 0.33, 0.38, 0.44, and 0.38, respectively (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that self-esteem, daily life stress and negative affectivity had bigger contribution on the depression symptoms scores. The standard regression coefficient was -0.46, 0.19 and 0.13, respectively (P<0.001, P=0.001, P=0.030).

CONCLUSIONSleep disorder, commitment effort, psychological demands, daily life stress, negative affectivity and job hazards scores were the inducement of depression symptoms for policemen. To reduce the daily life stress, negative affectivity and improve the quality of sleep, add to self-esteem, reward and social support have positive effects on reducing the occurrence of depressive symptoms for police.

China ; Depression ; Humans ; Multivariate Analysis ; Occupational Health ; Police ; Reward ; Self Concept ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the influence of occupational stress and related factors on depression symptoms in train drives.

METHODSIn March 2012, by using cluster sampling method, a cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in 1 402 train drivers in China. Questionnaires was investigation was conducted by face to face interview. Sample with missing variables on demographic characteristics questionnaire with missed survey variables, and occupational stress related factors and with over 3 item missing in depression symptoms self-rating scale were exclued. Depression symptoms were measured by Center for Epidemiological Survey Depression Scale. The occupational stress related actors were measured by the revised effort-reward imbalance (ERI) model questionnaires and occupational stress measurement scale. Chi-square test was carried out to analyze the differences of the incidence of depressive symptoms among different general characteristics groups, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to analyze the influence of occupational stress and related factors on depression symptoms in train drivers.

RESULTSThe study showed that the average age of 1 402 subjects was (34.95±9.20) years, the length of service were (13.28±9.78) years, the score of depressive symptoms was (24.14±5.98) scores. 902 subjects (64.3%,902/1 402) were classified as people with depressive symptoms, the incidence of depressive symptoms in EMU or high-speed train drivers were the highest (68.0%,51/75); Incidence of depressive symptoms showed that were statistically significant differences in two groups of technical secondary school and college, and incidence of depressive symptoms in the junior college and above group (68.1%,352/517) was higher than that in the senior high school and below group (62.1%, 550/885) (χ(2)=5.02, P=0.025). The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that high levels of education (OR=1.63, 95%CI: 1.12-2.19), role conflict (OR=1.65, 95% CI: 1.21-2.24), role ambiguity (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.45-2.73), negative emotion(OR=2.87, 95%CI: 2.15-3.82), daily tension(OR=2.86, 95%CI: 2.11-3.86), poor colleagues and family support (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.11-2.16 and OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.27-2.41) were risk factors of depressive symptoms, but positive emotion (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96), self-esteem (OR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.16-0.30), and job itself satisfaction (OR=0.48, 95%CI: 0.35-0.65) were protective factors of depressive symptoms in train drivers.

CONCLUSIONTrain drivers, in particular EMU or high-speed train drivers who were prone to depressive symptoms. To arrange reasonably job roles and tasks, increase support from superiors, colleagues, and family, bring up healthy and coordinated personality, keep a good mood, promote job satisfaction, reduce the daily tension have positive effects on reducing the occurrence of depressive symptoms for train drivers.

Adult ; China ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression ; epidemiology ; Happiness ; Humans ; Incidence ; Job Satisfaction ; Occupations ; Personal Satisfaction ; Protective Factors ; Reward ; Risk Factors ; Self Concept ; Stress, Psychological ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Transportation ; Work

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of occupational stress and effort-reward imbalance on sleep quality of people's police.

METHODSA cluster sampling survey of sleep quality and occupational stress correlated factors was conducted on 287 police from a city public security bureau by questionnaires in May, 2011; the relationship between sleep quality and occupational stress correlated factors was analyzed by one-way ANOVA and multivariate non-conditional logistic regression using effort-reward imbalance model (ERI) and demand-control-support model (DCS). And the subjects were divided into high tension group and low tension group using the 1.0 of ERI and DCS coefficients as the boundary.

RESULTSThe sleep quality score of shift work police was higher than day work police (11.95 ± 6.54 vs 9.52 ± 6.43, t = 2.77, P < 0.05).In ERI model, the sleep quality score in high tension group was higher than low tension group (14.50 ± 6.41 vs 8.60 ± 5.53, t = -5.32, P < 0.01), and in DCS model, the sleep quality score in high tension group was also higher than low tension group (13.71 ± 6.62 vs 9.46 ± 6.04, t = -3.71, P < 0.01).For the regression analysis of ERI model as an argument, sex (OR = 3.0, 95%CI:1.16-7.73) , age for 30-39 years (OR = 3.48, 95%CI:1.32-9.16) , intrinsic effort (OR = 2.30, 95%CI:1.10-4.81) and daily hassles (OR = 2.15, 95%CI:1.06-4.33) were risk factors of low sleep quality, and reward (OR = 0.26, 95%CI:0.12-0.52) was the protective factor.For the regression analysis of DCS model as an argument , age for 30-39 years (OR = 2.55, 95%CI:1.02-6.37) , depressive symptom (OR = 2.10, 95%CI:1.14-3.89) and daily hassles (OR = 3.25, 95%CI:1.70-6.19) were risk factors of low sleep quality.While the ERI model and the DCS model were analyzed simultaneously, sex (OR = 3.03, 95%CI:1.15-7.98) , age for 30-39 years (OR = 3.71, 95%CI:1.38-9.98) and daily hassles (OR = 2.09, 95%CI:1.01-4.30) were the risk factors of low sleep quality, and reward (OR = 0.22, 95%CI:0.10-0.48) was the protective factor.

CONCLUSIONOccupational stress and effort-reward imbalance affected the sleep quality to people's policeman.

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Police ; Reward ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo explore the influencing factors of job satisfaction among enterprise workers.

METHODSBetween November, 2008 and June, 2009, 6 711 workers from 13 enterprises were recruited to this survey by cluster sampling method. Data about job satisfaction, occupational stressors, strains, coping strategy and social support were collected anonymously by using occupational stress instruments, job content questionnaire and effort-reward imbalance questionnaire.

RESULTSMedian (P25-P75) of job satisfaction scores was 40(34-46), which were separately (40.25 ± 7.59) and (38.57 ± 8.62) among female and male workers. The difference showed statistical significance (Z = 6.00, P < 0.01). The job satisfaction score was highest (41.44 ± 6.93) among administrative staff, but lowest (38.89 ± 8.79) among assistant workers. The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 6.64, P < 0.01).Job satisfaction score of shift workers (38.47 ± 8.58) was significantly lower than that of non-shift workers(39.66 ± 8.10) (Z = 4.61, P < 0.01). The job satisfaction scores of workers with weekly job time ≤ 40 h, 41-50 h, 51-59 h and ≥ 60 h were separately (39.86 ± 8.25), (39.23 ± 8.20), (38.68 ± 8.44) and (37.01 ± 8.34). The difference showed statistical significance (χ(2) = 54.06, P < 0.01). Correlation analysis revealed that job satisfaction was positively related to technology utilize degree (r = 0.26, P < 0.01), free decision latitude(r = 0.32, P < 0.01), reward(r = 0.60, P < 0.01), positive affection (r = 0.45, P < 0.01), superior support(r = 0.49, P < 0.01) and coping strategy (r = 0.16, P < 0.01); however, negatively related to external effort(r = -0.33, P < 0.01), psychological demands (r = -0.34, P < 0.01), physical demands(r = -0.30, P < 0.01), negative emotions (r = -0.41, P < 0.01) and depressive symptoms (r = -0.44, P < 0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of job dissatisfaction for workers with low reward was about three times as high as that for workers with high reward (OR = 3.44, 95%CI:2.95-4.01), risks of job dissatisfaction for workers with low negative emotions, high positive affection and social support were about two times as high as that for workers with low positive affection, high negative emotions and low social support, with the OR (95%CI) respectively at 2.42 (2.09-2.82), 2.28 (1.95-2.66) and 2.25 (1.94-2.62).

CONCLUSIONOccupational stress, individual features, health status, shiftwork system and work time had great effect on job satisfaction. The main measures of increasing job satisfaction were to improve rewards, increase superior support and decrease negative emotions.

Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupations ; Social Support ; Stress, Psychological ; psychology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo study the effects of exposed to different concentrations of carbon disulfide on neurological signs of workers.

METHODSCollection the information of concentration of carbon disulfide in the workplace or workers individuals exposed of a chemical fiber industry from 2004 to 2011, a total of 3 537 workers exposed to carbon disulfide were detected muscle strength and muscle tone, knee reflex, Achilles tendon reflex, trembling limbs, sensory function, and three chatter. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis on abnormal neurological signs of workers.

RESULTSEight hours time-weighted average concentration range of workers exposed to carbon disulfide in this chemical fiber industry was 0.2-41.0 mg/m(3), geometric mean was 2.38 mg/m(3). Concentration of carbon disulfide exposure of 1 771 workers was from 0.2 to 2.5 mg/m3( ≤ 2.5 mg/m(3)), 642 workers was 2.6-4.8 mg/m(3) (< 5.0 mg/m(3)), other 1 051 workers was from 5.1 to 41.0 mg/m(3) ( > 5.0 mg/m(3)) in all subjects. The different detection rates of knee reflex were 3.0% (31/1 045), 3.7% (21/574), 4.8% (16/331), 3.3% (10/305), 5.9% (11/187), 6.7% (68/1 022), the different detection rates of Achilles tendon reflex were 2.2% (23/1 045), 3.7% (21/574), 2.7% (9/331), 2.3% (7/305), 2.1% (4/187), 5.6% (57/1 022), the different detection rates of sensory dysfunction were 0.4% (4/1 045), 0.5% (3/574), 0.6% (2/331), 0.0% (0/305), 2.1% (4/187), 1.7% (17/1 022) in different cumulative amount of contact groups ( ≤ 10.0, 10.1-20.0, 20.1-30.0, 30.1-40.0, 40.1-50.0, >50.0 mg/m(3) per year), and the differences were statistically significant (χ(2) = 19.53, 21.27 and 15.89, all P values were <0.01) . Stratified according to age and gender, in addition to the ≤ 25 years group the difference of detection rate analysis on Achilles tendon reflex was statistically significant in the different concentration group (the ratio of on Achilles tendon reflex in the different groups of concentration of carbon disulfide exposure of 2.5, 2.6-5.0, ≥ 5.0 mg/m(3) were 0.4% (2/511), 1.0% (1/98), 2.1% (7/327), χ(2) = 5.59, P = 0.045) , the difference of detection rate analysis on neurological sign was not statistically significant in the different concentration group on the rest of the age and gender groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONWithin the concentration range of the object of study contact actual, different concentrations of carbon disulfide in addition to individual neurological signs of individual ages influential, it has no significant effect on the various signs of nervous system of workers of most age and gender groups, expect the age below the 25 years old group.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Carbon Disulfide ; adverse effects ; Chemical Industry ; China ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes ; etiology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Workplace