Objective: Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG), often but not always coexists with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both independently increase the risk of vascular complications, with inflammation serving as the underlying pathology. T-regulatory (Treg) cells, identified as CD4+CD25+forkheadbox-P3(FoxP3)+ cells, mitigate inflammation through secretion of interleukin(IL) 10. We investigated markers of Treg cell function in patients of T2DM with and without HTG. Methods: Patients with T2DM were divided into 2 groups: T2DM with normal triglyceride (TG) levels (n=30), designated as (DNT) and T2DM with HTG (n=30) designated as (DHTg).Expression of the FOXP3 and IL-10 genes were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum soluble CD25 (sCD25) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: FOXP3 and IL-10 expressions were reduced in DHTg group. Serum sCD25 levels were significantly higher in the DHTg group (p=0.04). FOXP3 and IL-10 expressions correlated positively in both groups. FOXP3 and IL-10 expression were reduced in both DHTg-normal body mass index (NW) and DHTg-overweight and obese (OwO) compared with respective DNT subgroups, although difference was smaller among OwO groups. Conclusion Reduced expression of FOXP3 and IL-10 indicates compromised Treg function in patients with T2DM and HTG. This impairment may contribute to inflammatory stress, thereby increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Elevated serum sCD25 levels may represent an additional link between TG and immune imbalance. Obesity also appears to influence Treg function, though its precise role remains uncertain. Aggressive management of HTG in T2DM is warranted. Furthermore, Tregs may represent an attractive therapeutic target for mitigating risk of complications.

Objectives: We assessed whether repeat procalcitonin (PCT) estimation has a role in detecting organ dysfunctions and mortality in pregnancy associated sepsis (PAS). Methods: The study included 85 pregnant, post-abortal, and postpartum women with PAS, diagnosed using the quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment criteria. Median interquartile range PCT levels were documented at admission and 48 hours later. Statistical comparisons were performed between the groups with non-severe and severe (≥1 organ failure) PAS, and between the survivor and mortality groups. The relationship between PCT and the number of organ failures was also assessed. Results: Most of the subjects with PAS were young and in the postpartum period (mean age 26 years; postpartum 55%). Sixteen (19%) patients died due to PAS. Sixty-two patients (74%) had severe PAS at presentation. Bacteria were isolated on culture in 64% of the subjects. PCT levels at admission were higher in patients with severe PAS than in those who did not have severe PAS. At 48 hours, this difference was significant (P=0.014; severe PAS 2.23 ng/mL vs. non-severe PAS 0.20 ng/mL). Furthermore, the number of organ failures increased at 48 hours. The PCT levels were significantly higher in the mortality group than in the survivors’ group at admission (8.31 ng/mL vs. 1.72 ng/mL), and the difference increased further at 48 hours (9.54 ng/mL vs. 1.37 ng/mL). Conclusion Repeat PCT estimation at 48 hours could complement the clinical findings and enhance the prognostic value for PAS.