Hydropic ear disease is an otological disease caused by hydrops in the labyrinth of the inner ear membrane. According to the medical history and imaging classification system, it is mainly divided into two types: primary hydropic ear disease and secondary hydropic ear disease. The clinical manifestations vary depending on the anatomical localization of hydrops. Cochlear endolymphatic hydrops can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, and ear fullness. Vestibular endolymphatic hydrops can cause dizziness, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and gait instability. A number of studies on magnetic resonance imaging of hydropic ear disease have been carried out globally and relevant results have been obtained. This article reviews the research advances of magnetic resonance imaging of hydropic ear disease.
Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Endolymphatic Hydrops/diagnosis* ; Ear, Inner/pathology*

Necrotizing otitis externa is a progressive infectious disease involving the external auditory canal and even the skull base, which can lead to serious complications and even death if not treated in time. In this paper, the latest advances in etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment were reviewed based on previous literature, providing reference for clinical diagnosis, treatment and future research.
Humans ; Otitis Externa/therapy* ; Skull Base/pathology* ; Ear Canal/pathology* ; Head

Humans ; Scrub Typhus ; Ear/pathology*

A 27-year-old female patient suffering endolymphatic sac tumor with intralabyrinthine hemorrhage was reported. The patient had hearing loss in the left ear with continuous tinnitus, and MRI showed the soft tissue shadow of endolymphatic sac. Considering that the tumor involved semicircular canal and vestibule,endolymphatic cyst tumor resection was performed by labyrinth route. After surgery, there was no cerebrospinal fluid leakage and facial nerve function was normal. More importantly, enhanced MRI of temporal bone showed no tumor recurrence 1 year after surgery.
Female ; Humans ; Adult ; Endolymphatic Sac/surgery* ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology* ; Labyrinth Diseases ; Tinnitus ; Ear Neoplasms/pathology* ; Bone Neoplasms ; Hemorrhage

Humans ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology* ; Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone/genetics* ; Ear, Middle/pathology* ; Poly-ADP-Ribose Binding Proteins ; Nuclear Proteins

Ear/pathology* ; Ear Diseases/therapy* ; Ear, Middle ; Humans

Objective: To collect the clinical cases of middle ear hairy polyp, and to summarize the imaging features. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of four cases middle ear hairy polyp confirmed by surgical and pathologic between January 2007 and January 2020 at the Affiliated Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University. There were three females, one male, with two left ears and two right ears, aged from 1 to 59 years. The CT and MRI imaging of the patients, and the corresponding clinical manifestations were analyzed. Results: Hairy polyps originated from tympanum in one case, originated from Eustachian tube in two cases, exhibiting recurrent otorrhea without evident inducement. The other case, hairy polyps originated from the Eustachian tube pharyngeal orifice and protruded into the nasopharyngeal cavity, with pharynx discomfort and aural fullness, endoscope showed offwhite polypoid mass with a little hair. All the four cases presented polypoid soft tissue masses on CT and MRI imaging, containing soft tissue wall and a large amount of adipose tissue, with soft tissue in the center of the mass which liked the core, and enhanced. MRI showed stratified arrangement of fat and soft tissue in the wall of the mass. Four cases all had surgical treatment, postoperative pathology examination presented that hair follicles, mature sebaceous glands and other skin appendages were found under squamous epithelium. A large amount of adipose tissue, part of muscle tissue, cartilage tissue, and some fibro-collagenous tissue were proliferated in the mass, accompanied by collagen degeneration. Conclusion: The middle ear hairy polyps has imaging characteristics, the polypoid soft tissue mass usually looks smooth and contains a large amount of adipose tissue, with a soft tissue in the center, and can be suggestively diagnosed by CT and MRI.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Ear Diseases ; Eustachian Tube/pathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharynx/pathology* ; Polyps/pathology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The antioxidant ebselen will be able to limit or prevent the ototoxicity arising from 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD). Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease is a disorder of lysosomal storage manifested in sphingolipidosis. Recently, it was noted that experimental use of HPβCD could partially resolve the symptoms in both animals and human patients. Despite its desirable effect, HPβCD can induce hearing loss, which is the only major side effect noted to date. Understanding of the pathophysiology of hearing impairment after administration of HPβCD and further development of preventive methods are essential to reduce the ototoxic side effect. The mechanisms of HPβCD-induced ototoxicity remain unknown, but the resulting pathology bears some resemblance to other ototoxic agents, which involves oxidative stress pathways. To indirectly determine the involvement of oxidative stress in HPβCD-induced ototoxicity, we tested the efficacy of an antioxidant reagent, ebselen, on the extent of inner ear side effects caused by HPβCD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ebselen was applied prior to administration of HPβCD in mice. Auditory brainstem response thresholds and otopathology were assessed one week later. Bilateral effects of the drug treatments also were examined. RESULTS: HPβCD-alone resulted in bilateral, severe, and selective loss of outer hair cells from base to apex with an abrupt transition between lesions and intact areas. Ebselen co-treatment did not ameliorate HPβCD-induced hearing loss or alter the resulting histopathology. CONCLUSIONS: The results indirectly suggest that cochlear damage by HPβCD is unrelated to reactive oxygen species formation. However, further research into the mechanism(s) of HPβCD otopathology is necessary.
Animals ; Ear, Inner ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing ; Humans ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Pathology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Sphingolipidoses ; Tight Junctions

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Auditory brainstem response (ABR) can be utilized to verify the hearing threshold and determine the existence of retrocochlear pathology in sudden deafness. However, little is known about the significance of ABR characteristics as a prognostic factor in sudden deafness. The purpose of this study is to evaluate which characteristics of ABR is associated with the prognosis of sudden deafness. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: We studied patients who were diagnosed with unilateral sudden deafness from January 2017 to May 2018. ABR results of click stimuli at 90 dB nHL were analyzed by the latency of wave I, III, and V. RESULTS: A total of 113 patients (55 men and 58 women) participated in the study. Hearing recovery was observed in 94 cases (83.2%). The absolute latency of wave I, III, and V was prolonged in the affected ears when compared with the unaffected ears. Hearing improvement was only correlated to the interaural latency delay of wave I (Pearson's r=−0.278, p<0.05). Prolonged interaural latency delay was noted from complete toward slight hearing recovery group. When the hearing outcome was evaluated by the interaural latency delay of wave I at 0.2 ms, the result of under 0.2 ms was significantly better than that over 0.2 ms and no visible wave I. CONCLUSION: Prolonged interaural delay of wave I over 0.2 ms and no visible wave I in ABR showed worse hearing outcome in sudden deafness. This finding may provide ABR as a potential prognostic indicator in sudden deafness.
Ear ; Evoked Potentials ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Hearing Loss, Sudden ; Hearing ; Humans ; Male ; Methods ; Pathology ; Prognosis

Malignancy of the middle ear is rare and its estimated incidence is 0.18 cases per million people in the US, with its most common type being squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma in situ is thought to be a precursor to squamous cell carcinoma, which is extremely rare in the middle ear. The pathology reports of squamous cell carcinoma have not been well-characterized as it has not been reported to date in Korea. Here, we report a case of squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the middle ear in a 66-year-old man, who presented with otorrhea and tympanic membrane perforation.
Aged ; Carcinoma in Situ ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Ear, Middle ; Epithelial Cells ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Pathology ; Tympanic Membrane Perforation