Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common chronic respiratory disease around the world, and pharmacotherapy is the foremost treatment method currently. In recent decades, with the rapid development of bronchoscopic interventional therapy, endoscopic physical ablation technology presents a therapeutic effect in treating COPD, with few treatment-related side effects, showing excellent application prospects in treating COPD. Since ablation techniques in this field are emerging technologies with low patient acceptance, they are not widely used in the clinical treatment of COPD. This article reviews the development process of physical ablation techniques. Moreover, their current application status and the prospects in the field of COPD treatment are also summarized and analyzed. We hope to promote the application of physical ablation in the clinical treatment of COPD and provide practical references and a theoretical basis for the clinical treatment of COPD.

Objective To explore the effect of influenza vaccination on the prevention of respiratory tract infection in preschool children. Methods The clinical data of 400 preschool children (1-6 years old) who were diagnosed with respiratory tract infection for the first time in department of pediatrics of Xi'an Third Hospital and second department of respiratory medicine of Xi'an Children's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed from January 2023 to December 2023, including acute bronchitis, upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia. According to the actual influenza vaccination status, the patients were divided into vaccination group (n=210) and non-vaccination group (n=190). The incidence of respiratory tract infection was compared between both groups. The fever duration, average course of disease, hospitalization rate, clinical symptoms scores (fever, cough, nasal congestion, sore throat), inflammation indicators [C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil percentage (NE%)] and recurrence rate after 6 months of follow-up were compared. Results The incidence of respiratory tract infection in the vaccination group was significantly lower than that in the non-vaccination group (21.43% vs 43.16%, P<0.05), and the hospitalization rate was significantly lower compared with that in the non-vaccination group (P<0.05). The scores of fever, cough, nasal congestion and sore throat were lower in the vaccination group than those in the non-vaccination group (P<0.05), and the CRP, WBC and NE% were significantly lower compared to the non-vaccination group (P<0.05). After 6 months of follow-up, the recurrence rate in the vaccination group was 11.11% (5/45), which was significantly lower than 26.83% (22/82) in the non-vaccination group (χ²=0.038, P=4.288<0.05). Conclusion Influenza vaccination can effectively reduce the incidence of respiratory tract infection in preschool children, relieve the symptoms and shorten the disease course after infection. Its preventive effect on influenza is particularly significant, suggesting the importance of strengthening influenza vaccination in preschool children.

Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) decoction pieces are a core carrier for the inheritance and innovation of TCM, and their quality and safety are critical to public health and the sustainable development of the industry. Conventional quality control models, while having established a well-developed system through long-term practice, still face challenges such as relatively long inspection cycles, insufficient objectivity in characterizing complex traits, and urgent needs for improving the efficiency of integrating multidimensional quality information when confronted with the dual demands of large-scale production and precision quality control. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, machine learning can deeply analyze multidimensional data of the morphology, spectroscopy, and chemical fingerprints of decoction pieces by constructing high-dimensional feature space analysis models, significantly improving the standardization level and decision-making efficiency of quality evaluation. This article reviews the research progress in the application of machine learning in the processing, production, and rapid quality evaluation of TCM decoction pieces. It further analyzes current challenges in technological implementation and proposes potential solutions, offering theoretical and technical references to advance the digital and intelligent transformation of the industry.
Machine Learning ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/standards* ; Quality Control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans

Autophagy is a fundamental biological metabolic process involved in immune defense, material metabolism, and homeostasis and closely linked to immune regulation. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a widespread connective tissue disorder primarily resulting from immune system imbalance. Due to the immune system's failure to recognize its own substances, it generates autoantibodies that can affect various tissues and organs, leading to diverse clinical manifestations. The pathogenesis and treatment of SLE are currently under extensive investigation. In normal metabolic processes, autophagy engages in both innate and adaptive immunity, regulates the immune response, and is crucial for maintaining normal immune function and the body's internal homeostasis. Research has indicated that SLE patients exhibit immune dysfunction and altered autophagy levels. Modulating autophagy expression can influence immune system functionality and alleviate SLE symptoms. Additionally, autophagy aids in the innate immune response and adaptive immunity by clearing metabolites and regulating the life cycle of immune cells. Studies suggest that drugs targeting autophagy can positively influence the progression of SLE. This article reviews advancements in research regarding the impact of autophagy on the pathogenesis of SLE through the regulation of immune system functions.
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology* ; Autophagy/immunology* ; Humans ; Animals ; Immunity, Innate ; Adaptive Immunity ; Disease Progression ; Immune System/immunology*

Leukocyte-specific protein 1 (LSP1) is an F-actin binding protein expressed in various leukocytes, including lymphocytes, mononuclear macrophages, and neutrophils. LSP1 is highly conserved across different species. Human LSP1 protein contains 339 amino acids, featuring a Ca²⁺ binding site in the acidic NH2-terminal region and multiple F-actin binding domains along with phosphorylatable sites in the basic COOH-terminal region. Under Ca²⁺ regulation, the COOH-terminal domain of LSP1 binds to F-actin to regulate cell movement and signal transduction. Additionally, LSP1 activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway through phosphorylation mediated by protein kinase C (PKC) and MAPK-activated protein kinase-2, thereby regulating leukocyte proliferation and chemotaxis. The main effects of LSP1 on leukocytes are as follows: LSP1 plays important roles in neutrophil and macrophage migration, affecting cell adhesion, polarization and movement. LSP1 also functions in endothelial cells to regulate leukocyte transendothelial migration. In addition, LSP1 regulates macrophage phagocytosis through interaction with myosin 1e. Moreover, LSP1 regulates leukocyte proliferation and differentiation and plays significant roles in the development of leukemia and other tumors. In summary, LSP1 regulates leukocyte morphology, movement and function through interactions with cytoskeletal and signaling proteins. This review provides a comprehensive summary of these aspects.
Humans ; Leukocytes/cytology* ; Animals ; Cytoskeleton/metabolism* ; Microfilament Proteins/physiology* ; Cell Movement ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the significance of total vitamin D (tVD), total procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (tPINP) and β-CrossLaps (β-CTx) in the staging and prognosis of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). METHODS: A total of 54 patients with newly diagnosed MM admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University from 2020 to 2022 were selected as the observation group (MM group), and 50 healthy persons who underwent physical examinations in our hospital were selected as the control group. The expression levels of tVD, tPINP and β-CTx in the two groups were detected by chemiluminescence method. The differences in the expression levels of tVD, tPINP and β-CTx among MM patients at different ISS stages were analyzed. The expression levels of tVD, tPINP and β-CTx in MM patients with different levels of hemoglobin (Hb), serum calcium (Ca), creatinine (Crea), albumin (ALB), β₂-microglobulin (β₂-MG) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were compared. The correlations between the expression levels of tVD, tPINP, β-CTx and the aforementioned clinical parameters were analyzed, respectively. The relationship between the expression levels of tVD, tPINP, β-CTx and the progression-free survival (PFS) of MM patients was analyzed. RESULTS: The expression level of tVD in the MM group was significantly lower than that in the control group (21.73±14.45 ng/ml vs 30.78±9.94 ng/ml, P =0.022). The expression level of β-CTx in the MM group was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.43±0.99 ng/ml vs 0.53±0.29 ng/ml, P =0.013). The tVD level in MM patients with ISS stage I-II was significantly higher than that of MM patients with ISS stage III (29.50±14.59 ng/ml vs 12.62±7.73 ng/ml, P =0.028), indicating that the higher the ISS stage, the lower the tVD level. The tPINP and β-CTx levels in MM patients with high Ca levels (>2.65 mmol/L) were significantly higher than those in patients with low Ca levels (≤2.65 mmol/L) (P =0.016, P =0.021). The tVD level of MM patients was positively correlated with the ALB level (r =0.570), tPINP was positively correlated with Ca and β₂-MG levels (r =0.791,r =0.673), and β-CTx was positively correlated with tPINP level (r =0.616). The PFS of the low tVD expression group was significantly lower than that of the high tVD expression group (P =0.041). CONCLUSION The expression level of tVD is decreased in MM patients, which can be used as an indicator to evaluate the disease stage and prognosis of the patients. The β-CTx expression level is increased in MM patients. tPINP and β-CTx may be correlated with clinical symptoms such as osteolytic lesions and renal function changes in MM patients.
Humans ; Multiple Myeloma/pathology* ; Procollagen/blood* ; Vitamin D/blood* ; Prognosis ; Peptide Fragments/blood* ; Collagen Type I/blood* ; Female ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Neoplasm Staging

Water-soluble silver nanoclusters(DHLA-AgNCs)with red fluorescence emission were synthesized using silver nitrate(AgNO3)as silver source,dihydrolipoic acid(DHLA)as ligand and sodium borohydride(NaBH4)as reducing agent by one-pot method.Based on the selective quenching of DHLA-AgNCs by tetracycline(TC),a rapid and selective fluorescence analysis method for detection of TC was constructed by monitoring the fluorescence intensity change at 650 nm.Under the optimal detection conditions,the fluorescence quenching efficiency of DHLA-AgNCs showed good linear relationship with concentration of TC within the range of 10.0-120.0 μmol/L,and the limit of detection(LOD)was 0.39 μmol/L.This method was successfully applied to detection of TC in milk samples,with spiked recoveries ranging from 99.5%to 102.5%,and relative standard deviations(RSDs)less than 5%.This method had the advantages of simplicity,rapidity,strong specificity and low cost,and thus provided a simple and feasible strategy for selective detection of TC.

Humans ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Renal Dialysis ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Heart Valve Prosthesis

Humans ; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ; Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Renal Dialysis ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome ; Heart Valve Prosthesis

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.