INTRODUCTION: The National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has defined the terms, 'acute coronavirus disease 2019' (COVID-19), 'ongoing symptomatic COVID-19' and 'post-COVID-19 syndrome', with the latter two described as having persistent symptoms after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms for 4-12 weeks and >12 weeks, respectively. Persistent symptoms can either be due to the after-effects of COVID-19 or new-onset diseases after acute COVID-19. All symptoms observed beyond 4 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 need not be present at the time of onset. Previous studies on persistent post-COVID-19 symptoms have not mentioned new-onset diseases after acute COVID-19, and only a select few studies have discussed such new-onset symptoms. METHODS: Ninety-five patients who attended the post-COVID-19 clinic completed the requisite follow-up till 16 weeks after COVID-19 symptom onset. Data was recorded on a predesigned proforma. Necessary investigations were conducted to rule out any other cause of persistent symptoms. RESULTS: Fatigue (62.1%), breathlessness (50.5%) and cough (27.4%) were the most common symptoms present beyond 4 weeks after the onset of COVID-19 symptoms. Forty-nine (51.57%) patients developed post-COVID-19 syndrome - their severity of symptoms (odds ratio [OR] 17.77) and longer duration of hospital stay (OR 1.095) during acute disease were significantly associated with the development of post-COVID-19 syndrome. During follow-up, 25 patients developed new-onset symptoms, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and idiopathic tachycardia. CONCLUSION Patients can have persistent symptoms, new-onset symptoms and new-onset diseases after recovery from acute COVID-19.
Humans ; COVID-19/diagnosis* ; Female ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Fatigue/etiology* ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Aged ; Cough/etiology* ; Dyspnea/etiology*

Meige syndrome is a focal dystonic movement disorder characterized by blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia. It is a very rare disease. Individuals affected by Meige syndrome usually experience a wide array of complex symptoms including involuntary blinking and spasms of the jaw muscle. Dyspnea is rarely mentioned, due to dystonic spasm affecting the respiratory muscles. We report a case of a 69-year-old man with Meige syndrome, with dyspnea as the main clinical manifestation. Management often involves medications, botulinum toxin injections, and surgery to alleviate symptoms and enhance function. Now we reviewed the relevant literatures and summarized the experience of diagnosis and treatment in Meige syndrome.
Humans ; Male ; Aged ; Dyspnea/etiology* ; Meige Syndrome/diagnosis*

Cryptogenic organic pneumonia (COP) refers to organic pneumonia that has not been identified a clear cause by current medical methods. A small proportion of COP can exhibit severe and progressive characteristics, while severe COP can cause systemic inflammatory storms and can be secondary to hemophilia. This article reported a case of acute severe COP secondary to hemophilia. A 67-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital due to cough, shortness of breath, and fever. At first, he was misdiagnosed as severe pneumonia, but failed to receive anti infection treatments. Sputum pathogenetic examination and Macrogene testing of alveolar lavage fluid were performed, and no etiology was found to explain the patient's condition. The condition was gradually worsened and hemophilia occurred to explain, suggesting that acute severe COP was relevant. After receiving hormone treatment, the condition gradually relieved and the absorption of lung lesions improved. Hemophilia secondary to COP is rare, and the specific mechanism needs further study.
Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Hemophilia A/complications* ; Pneumonia/diagnosis* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Cough ; Dyspnea/etiology*

To present the clinical characteristics and the misdiagnosis rate of acute coronary syndrome manifested primarily as throat discomfort, we conducted a multicentric and retrospective study in the cardiology and otorhinolaryngology departments. Records of patients with primary complaint of throat discomfort, absence of chest pain at onset, and an ultimate diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome, as well as patients with pharyngitis (as controls) were collected from May 2015 to April 2016. The patients' main manifestations were compared. Logistic regression results showed that chest tightness, dyspnea, perspiring, and exertional throat symptoms were significantly associated with acute coronary syndrome, with odds ratios of 8.3 (95% CI 2.2-31.5), 10.9 (95% CI 1.8-66.9), 25.4 (95% CI 3.6-179.9), and 81.2 (95% CI 13.0-506.7). A total of 25 (56.82%) out of 44 acute coronary syndrome patients, who were first admitted to the otorhinolaryngology department, were misdiagnosed, with a 12% (3/25) mortality rate. Throat discomfort can be the principal manifestation of acute coronary syndrome. Such patients exhibit high misdiagnosis and mortality rates. Exertional throat symptoms, chest tightness, perspiring, and dyspnea were important indicators of acute coronary syndrome in patients whose main complaint was throat discomfort. The awareness of this condition will result in prompt diagnosis and reduce morbidity and mortality.
Acute Coronary Syndrome/etiology* ; Dyspnea/etiology* ; Humans ; Pharyngitis/diagnosis* ; Pharynx ; Retrospective Studies

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a rare condition characterized by extensive inflammation and fibrosis mainly involving the pulmonary interstitium or alveoli. Usually, patients with ILD clinically present with chronic cough and exertional dyspnea. ILD is classified into subtypes based on clinical characteristics, detailed history obtained from patients, and radiological, and/or histopathological features. The most common type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). IPF is a chronic progressive fibrosing ILD and is associated with poor prognosis. An exclusive diagnosis of IPF requires no known condition causing ILD and typical radiological and/or histopathological features of lung fibrosis. Fibrosis observed in this condition is attributable to repetitive epithelial injury with consequent abnormal wound healing in genetically susceptible and elderly individuals. Currently, pirfenidone and nintedanib are useful disease-modifying agents available to treat IPF. In this article, we review the concept, diagnosis, clinical course, and treatment of ILD.
Aged ; Cough ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Prognosis ; Wound Healing

D-penicillamine has been reported to cause antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis presenting as rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis or pulmonary-renal syndrome mostly in adults. We report a pediatric case of D-penicillamine induced ANCA-associated vasculitis that manifests as a pulmonary-renal syndrome with a mild renal manifestation. A 13-year-old girl who has been taking D-penicillamine for five years under the diagnosis of Wilson disease visited the emergency room because of hemoptysis and dyspnea. She had diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage, microscopic hematuria, and proteinuria. Myeloperoxidase ANCA was positive, and a renal biopsy revealed pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. Under the diagnosis of D-penicillamine-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis, D-penicillamine was switched to trientine, and the patient was treated with plasmapheresis, glucocorticoid, cyclophosphamide, and mycophenolate mofetil. Pulmonary hemorrhage improved rapidly followed by the disappearance of the hematuria and proteinuria five months later.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; Biopsy ; Child ; Cyclophosphamide ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Glomerulonephritis ; Hematuria ; Hemoptysis ; Hemorrhage ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; Humans ; Penicillamine ; Peroxidase ; Plasmapheresis ; Proteinuria ; Trientine ; Vasculitis

Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the formation of hair follicle tumors, kidney tumors, and pulmonary cysts with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax. A 44-year-old woman visited Wonkwang University Hospital with mild dyspnea. A chest X-ray on admission revealed pneumothorax in both lung fields. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed both pneumothorax and multiple, irregularly shaped, variable-sized cysts in both lung fields. Upon physical examination, white dome-shaped papules were observed on the face. Histological examination of the skin lesion confirmed fibrofolliculoma, and genetic studies revealed a folliculin gene mutation. Abdominal CT revealed a 1-cm small solid renal mass at the lower pole of the right kidney. We surgically removed the renal tumor, and a histological diagnosis of oncocytoma was made. Here, we report a case of BHD that demonstrated all three clinical manifestations; this is the first case report of its kind in Korea.
Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; Adult ; Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Estrone ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Korea ; Lung ; Physical Examination ; Pneumothorax ; Skin ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Acute epiglottitis is a life-threatening condition that can result in airway obstruction. The present study reports clinical features, management and patient outcomes in an acute epiglottitis. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Included in our retrospective study were 315 patients who were admitted with the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis between January 2006 and July to the department Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital 2018. The diagnosis of acute epiglottitis was established by confirmation of inflamed epiglottis using laryngoscope or computed tomography. RESULTS: Among 315 patients, 89 cases (28%) and 83 cases (26%) were found in the fifth and fourth decades, respectively. The mean age of patients was 45.0±13.94 years. The male to female ratio was 1.33:1. A total of 75 patients (23.8%) had co-morbidities, with hypertension (13.6%) being the most common. Fever was relatively uncommon, whereas most patients complained of sore throat. Ceftriaxone was the most common empirical antibiotic regimen prescribed and the use of steroids did not affect the length of hospital stay. Nine patients required airway intervention, including eight who underwent endotracheal intubation and one emergency tracheostomy. In patients who need airway intervention, systolic blood pressure, body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, white blood cells and the proportion of dyspnea were significantly higher in comparison to the patients without airway intervention. CONCLUSION: Although acute epiglottitis often has nonspecific symptoms, it may lead to sudden dyspnea and unstable vital signs, so an in-depth understanding of this disease is needed.
Airway Obstruction ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Blood Pressure ; Body Temperature ; Ceftriaxone ; Clinical Study ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Epiglottis ; Epiglottitis ; Female ; Fever ; Heart ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Korea ; Laryngoscopes ; Length of Stay ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Methods ; Neck ; Pharyngitis ; Respiratory Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Steroids ; Tracheostomy ; Vital Signs

Idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) is one of the varieties of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. Diagnosis of idiopathic NSIP can be done via multidisciplinary approach in which the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic findings were discussed together and exclude other causes. Clinical manifestations include subacute or chronic dyspnea and cough that last an average of 6 months, most of which occur in non-smoking, middle-aged women. The common findings in thoracic high-resolution computed tomography in NSIP are bilateral reticular opacities, traction bronchiectasis, reduced volume of the lobes, and ground-glass opacity in the lower lungs. These lesions can involve diffuse bilateral lungs or subpleural area. Unlike usual interstitial pneumonia, honeycombing is sparse or absent. Pathology shows diffuse interstitial inflammation and fibrosis which are temporally homogeneous, namely NSIP pattern. Idiopathic NSIP is usually treated with steroid only or combination with immunosuppressive agents such as azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil. Prognosis of idiopathic NSIP is better than idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Many studies have reported a 5-year survival rate of more than 70%.
Azathioprine ; Bronchiectasis ; Cough ; Cyclophosphamide ; Cyclosporine ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias ; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Inflammation ; Lung ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Pathology ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate ; Traction

PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 1-year post-diagnosis in breast cancer (BC) patients and its association with overall survival using data from the National Cancer Center Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of a BC cohort were first obtained between 2004 and 2006 and followed up. HRQOL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and BC specific module QLQ-BR23 few days after diagnosis and 1 year after that. We examined and compared the difference in the two HRQOL scores measured for each patient by the patient's current survival status. The Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to evaluate the impact of HRQOL on survival, with adjustment for baseline HRQOL and other factors. RESULTS: Of 299 enrolled patients, 206 responded at 1-year post-diagnosis (80.6%) and were followed up for 11.6 years on average. At 1-year post-diagnosis, survivors had better HRQOL scores than those who died, although their health status was similar at baseline. Survivors reported significant increase 1 year after diagnosis in global health status and emotional scales. Between the groups, functional scales such as physical, role, and emotional were significantly different. Functional scales, including physical (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.70), role (aHR, 0.68), emotional (aHR, 0.72), and symptom scales, including fatigue (aHR, 1.34), dyspnea (aHR, 1.29), appetite loss (aHR, 1.24) were significantly associated with overall survival. Patients who were less worried about future health had favorable survival(aHR, 0.83). CONCLUSION: Besides treatment-related symptoms, non-medical aspects at 1-year post-diagnosis, including functional well-being and future perspective, are predictive of long-term survival. Intervention to enhance physical, role, and emotional support for women soon after their BC diagnosis might help to improve disease survival outcomes afterwards.
Appetite ; Breast Neoplasms ; Breast ; Cohort Studies ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Fatigue ; Female ; Global Health ; Humans ; Korea ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Quality of Life ; Survivors ; Weights and Measures