OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to qualitatively review the effects of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity on buccal mucosal epithelial cells after cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) exposure focusing on DNA damage and cell changes.

METHODS

A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Wiley, Google Scholar, and Semantic Scholar for articles published in the last five years. In vivo studies that analyzed the DNA damage and cell changes on buccal mucosal epithelial cells, before and several days after CBCT exposure were included in this review. This review was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist for systematic review and the risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool.

RESULTS

A total of four studies were included in this review. The risk of bias analysis showed that all studies had generally good methodological quality. All the studies used buccal epithelial cells to analyze micronucleus (MN) as a parameter for DNA damage (genotoxicity), three of the studies also analyzed cytotoxicity using pyknotic nucleus and three studies analyzed karyolysis and karyorrhexis. All the studies consistently reported a significant increase in MN frequency, and cytotoxic effect were more evident before and 10-15 days after CBCT exposure.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrated a significant impact on DNA and cell damage in oral mucosal cells following CBCT examination. The effect of ionizing radiation from CBCT has a more pronounced impact on cell damage than DNA damage.

Cone-beam Computed Tomography ; Epithelial Cells ; Dna Damage ; Dna

Purpose: This systematic review evaluated the diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) forthe early detection of oral cancer, particularly emphasizing sensitivity, specificity, and overall diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Wiley Online Library covering publications from 2015 to 2025, supplemented by manual hand-searching of relevant references. Studies were selected using the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study Design (PICOS) framework. Eligible studies evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of OCT using histopathology as the reference standard. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool, and the review methodology followed PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-DTA guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251112254). Results: Seven studies met the predefined inclusion criteria. OCT demonstrated high diagnostic performance (sensitivity: 81.5%-100%, specificity: 68.8%-100%), with diagnostic accuracy reaching up to 100% in certain settings. Studies that incorporated machine learning approaches, including convolutional neural networks and support vector machines, consistently achieved superior diagnostic performance compared with conventional OCT interpretation alone. Overall methodological quality was generally low, with several studies exhibiting moderate tohigh risk of bias in specific domains. Conclusion OCT, particularly when augmented with artificial intelligence, demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy as anon-invasive imaging modality for the early detection of oral cancer. Its capability to identify dysplastic and malignant changes at the microstructural level offers meaningful diagnostic advantages over conventional examination methods.Nevertheless, larger-scale studies employing standardized protocols are required to confirm its clinical utility and support integration into routine oral cancer screening and diagnostic pathways.

Background and Objective: Periapical inflammation on visual interpretation, especially in conditions of early inflammation, is very dependent on visual acuity. Visual ability can only detect if the inflammatory condition in the periapical area is more than 30%. This study reviewed the use of fractal dimension (FD) for quantitative assessment radiographs in periapical inflammation. Methods: The search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. The inclusion criteria were clinical research, the area was in the periapical inflammation, used the periapical radiograph, measured the fractal dimension in human bone, the article studies were in the English language. There was no restriction for publication date. Results: Five articles were found in which fractal dimension was applied for the assessment of periapical lesions visually indiscernible in radiographs, for evaluation of apical inflammation, for imaging diagnosis of the periapical lesion, for analysis of trabecular bone, and for analysis of trabecular bone structure around the bone of periapical inflammation. Various sizes and sites of the regions of interest were used to evaluate the bone structure of periapical inflammation with fractal dimension. Conclusion Fractal dimension in Dentistry has been widely applied to the study of images. Periapical radiographs were the most frequently used. The Image J software and the fractal analysis method were extensively adopted in the studies reviewed herein. Further studies are encouraged to improve the use of fractal dimension in assessing quantitative radiographs in periapical inflammation.