Objective: To investigate the emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children and the correlations with maternal parenting competence and family rearing environment, so as to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for the physical and mental health development of preschool children. Methods: In June 2025, 660 preschool children aged 3-6 years old were selected from 10 kindergartens in Hefei, Anqing, and Tongling in Anhui Province by using a stratified cluster random sampling method. A questionnaire survey was conducted among all parents of preschool children using the Parent version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Child Family Rearing Environment Scale, and the Chinese version of the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale. Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the related factors of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children. SPSS macro program Process 4.1 and Bootstrap method were used to test the mediating effect of family parenting environment between emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children and maternal parenting competence. Results: The detection rate of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children was 20.15%. The total scores of family rearing environment and maternal parenting competence were negatively correlated with emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( r =-0.45,-0.79), and the total score of family rearing environment was positively correlated with the total score of maternal parenting competence ( r =0.43) (all P <0.01). Multiple linear regression showed that, after controlling whether being only child, parents educational level, registered residence location and other variables, family rearing environment, self efficacy and satisfaction were all negative predictors of emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( B =-0.07, -0.42, -0.42, all P <0.01). The mediation effect results showed that maternal parenting competence could positively predict the family rearing environment ( B =0.75), while maternal parenting competence and family rearing environment could both negatively predict emotional and behavioral problems among preschool children ( B =-0.49, -0.06 ) (all P <0.05). The Bootstrap sampling method test results showed that the effect value of the indirect effect of maternal parenting competence on emotional and behavioral problems through the family rearing environment was -0.04, and the effect proportion was 8.21 %. Conclusion Preschool children with a better family rearing environment and stronger maternal parenting competence are less likely to have emotional and behavioral problems, among which the family rearing environment has a mediating effect.

Background The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a vast area with a wide array of ecological environments, resulting in considerable regional variations in air pollution characteristics. Current research is limited by a scarcity of systematic, region-wide studies and risk assessments. Objective To assess the health risks associated with inhalation exposure to nine heavy metal and metalloid elements in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) for the population of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods From the 10th to the 16th of each month throughout 2023, atmospheric PM_2.5 samples were collected at designated monitoring sites in 12 leagues (cities) across the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to analyze the characteristics and trends in concentration. The health risk assessment model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was employed to evaluate both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with the heavy metal elements beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), hydrargyrum (Hg), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) and the metalloid elements stibium (Sb) and arsenic (As). Results In 2023, a total of 1206 valid PM_2.5 samples were analyzed from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The annual average PM_2.5 concentrations in Inner Mongolia, as well as in the cities of Ordos, Wuhai, and the Alxa League, all exceeded the national limit of 35 μg·m⁻³. The PM_2.5 concentrations across the leagues (cities) exhibited a clear seasonal variation, peaking in winter, followed by spring, and reaching a minimum in summer and autumn. The median PM_2.5 concentration in Ordos throughout the year was higher than that in the other leagues (cities) of the region. Concerning health risks, the non-carcinogenic risks associated with the 9 elements detected in each league (city) were all below 1, indicating acceptable levels. However, the non-carcinogenic risk values for Mn, Cr, and As were relatively high; specifically, Ordos City displayed the highest non-carcinogenic risk values for Mn (7.74×10⁻¹) and Cr (2.97×10⁻²), while Chifeng City recorded the highest value for As (2.34×10⁻³). The carcinogenic risk values for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni fell within the range of 1×10⁻⁹ to 1×10⁻⁵, representing an acceptable level. The health risks varied with age, and the elderly residents faced the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Conclusion While the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from heavy metals and metalloids within atmospheric PM_2.5 in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are generally within acceptable limits, the potential risks that Mn, As, and Cr pose to the health of elderly people warrants particular attention, and Ordos and Chifeng cities exhibit notably higher health risks among other areas. It is recommended that regular, long-term monitoring be conducted, taking into account the specific conditions at monitoring sites across each league (city), and that targeted air quality management strategies be implemented to protect public health.

Objective To investigate the application value of amlodipine atorvastatin calcium tablet(AACT)combined with evidence-based emotional nursing mode(EENM)in elderly patients with hypertension complicated by coronary heart disease(HTN-CHD).Methods HTN-CHD patients admitted to the department of cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University from June 2021 to June 2023 were selected retrospectively as study subjects.According to the intervention methods,the HTN-CHD patients were divided into the AACT group and the EENM group.Patients in the AACT group were given AACT combined with the usual care intervention,and the EENM group was given EENM on the basis of the AACT group.The changes of psychological status(SDS,SAS,and SPBS),adherence(medication compliance,daily exercise behavior,poor management behavior,and dietary management behavior)and blood pressure[(systolic blood pressure,SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)]were compared between two groups.The incidence of cardiovascular events in the two groups at 6 months was observed and compared.Results A total of 118 HTN-CHD patients(55 in AACT group and 63 in EENM group)were included in this study.Before the intervention,there was no significant statistical difference in the SDS,SAS,SPBS,medication compliance,daily exercise,poor management,diet management scores,SBP and DBP between AACT and EENM groups(P＞0.05).After the intervention,SDS,SAS,SPBP scores,SBP and DBP of the HTN-CHD patients significantly decreased in both AACT and EENM groups compared with before(P＜0.05).However,the medication compliance behavior score,daily exercise behavior score,bad management behavior score and diet management behavior score increased significantly compared with before(P＜0.05);SDS,SAS,SPBS scores,SBP and DBP of the patients in EENM group decreased more than those in the AACT group(P＜0.05),however,the increase of medication compliance,daily exercise,poor management and diet management behavior scores of the EENM group was higher than that in the AACT group(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the incidence of cardiovascular events was lower in the EENM group than in the AACT group(P＜0.05).Conclusion EENM combined with AACT intervention is beneficial to improve the compliance with HTN-CHD patients,improve the psychological status and blood pressure values,and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular events.

Background The safety of drinking water is closely related to people's health. In recent years, relevant studies have identified some health related problems with drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The complex and diverse natural environment embraced by the vast jurisdiction of the region may lead to uneven drinking water quality across the region. Objective To evaluate eight chemicals including arsenic, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, mercury, fluoride, trichloromethane, and carbon tetrachloride in urban drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2021, and to provide reference for optimizing urban water supply system and ideas for further developing strategies to promote population health. Methods A total of 1228 monitoring sites were set up in urban areas of Inner Mongolia, and water samples were collected once in dry season (May) and once in wet season (August−September). Eight chemicals of interest in drinking water were detected according to the Standard examination methods for drinking water, and assessed for health risks using the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and following the Technical guide for environmental health risk assessment of chemical exposure. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the concentrations of eight chemicals in urban drinking water by water seasons and water sample types. Results In 2021, a total of 2381 samples of urban drinking water were tested in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, including 1195 samples in wet season and 1186 samples in dry season; 389 samples of finished water and 1992 samples of tap water. The positive rates of arsenic and fluoride were 26.25% and 96.77%, respectively. The positive rates of cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, mercury, trichloromethane, and carbon tetrachloride were 6.22%, 16.63%, 6.09%, 16.67%, 18.98%, and 8.36%, respectively. The exceeding standard rate of fluoride was 4.87%. Trichloromethane and carbon tetrachloride were qualified in all samples. There were statistical differences in the concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, and carbon tetrachloride in urban drinking water between water seasons (Z=−3.847, P<0.05; Z=2.464, P=0.014; Z=−3.129, P=0.002; Z=4.341, P<0.05; Z=4.342, P<0.05). Only fluoride concentration was found statistically different among different water sample types (Z=−2.287, P=0.022). The non-carcinogenic risks of ingestion and dermal exposure to each chemical in drinking water by water seasons and water sample types were all less than 1, but the P₉₅ total non-carcinogenic risks of oral exposure were greater than 1. The P₉₅ carcinogenic risks of oral exposure to some chemicals in drinking water by water seasons and water sample types were>10⁻⁴, which suggested carcinogenic risks, while the carcinogenic risks of dermal explore to chemicals were all less than 10⁻⁶. Conclusion In 2021, urban drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is generally safe, but arsenic, cadmium, chromium (hexavalent), lead, mercury, and fluoride still exceed the national limits, posing certain health risks.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to identify the differences in sociodemographic variables and reasons for termination of pregnancy (TOP) between married women and single/divorced women. We hope that this study can guide future policies and interventions to reduce the incidence of unsupported pregnancies in this profile group of women. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the sociodemographic data of 802 women who underwent an abortion for social reasons at our institution in Singapore from January 2016 to September 2018. We compared the sociodemographic variables, reasons for and methods of TOP between married and single/divorced women. RESULTS: We analysed data from 524 married women (65.3%) and 278 single/divorced women (34.7%). Married women were more likely to be of older age (29.5 years vs. 24.5 years, P < 0.001), had more living children and higher educational qualifications. The top two cited reason for abortions among married women were having enough children (42.0%) and the inability to afford another child (18.7%). Multivariate analysis showed that women aged >19 years and having more living children were independently associated with recurrent TOPs. Having a tertiary education was noted to be associated with less recurrent TOPs. CONCLUSION The most common reasons married women cited for having TOP include having enough children and the lack of financial capacity to afford another child. Recommendations to support women ought to be personalised and comprehensive in addressing their needs rather than offering a standardised support method. Greater emphasis should be placed on post-TOP family planning counselling to reduce repeated TOP.
Pregnancy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore/epidemiology* ; Abortion, Induced ; Hospitals, University ; Educational Status

Objective:To investigate the feasibility and clinical value of 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in evaluating hemodynamics of ischemic stroke patients with intracranial artery stenosis.Methods:Ischemic stroke patients with unilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis admitted from March 2017 to June 2018 in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Stroke Center were prospectively enrolled. Time of flight magnetic resonance angiography was used to evaluate vascular stenosis, 4D flow MRI was used to measure net forward flow at the proximal of stenosis, and brain tissue perfusion was acquired simultaneously to validate flow.Results:A total of 33 patients with symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis were included [mean age: 56 years; male: 63.6% ( n=21)]. The flow rates among patients with stenosis of <30%, 30%-49%, 50%-69% and ≥70% were (3.56±1.08), (2.96±0.94), (3.72±0.60) and (2.50±1.03) ml/s individually, demonstrating a decreased flow in subjects with severe (≥70%) stenosis ( F=4.34, P=0.008). Further analysis about forward flow and brain tissue perfusion showed that the significant negative correlation between absolute flow rate or relative flow rate and relative time to peak could only be established in subjects with poor collateral (collateral score: 0-2), with r=-0.76 and -0.61 individually, both P<0.05. Conclusion:4D flow MRI could be used as a quantitative flow assessment in subjects with intracranial artery stenosis, and its association with distal brain tissue perfusion depends on collateral status.

Objects:To explore the association of colonic vitamin D receptor (VDR) expressionwith imbalance of Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) .Methods:The specimens of peripheral blood and colonic tissue were retrospectively collected from 30 UC patients and 15 controls (colonic polypadenoma) , respectively. The clinical data of all the participants were simultaneously recorded, including age, gender, smoking, body mass index, UC activity (assessed by Mayo scoring system) . The electrochemiluminescence method was conducted to measure the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D]. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining method was applied for examining the protein expression levels of VDR, Th17 and Treg cells related factors (RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3, IL-10, respectively) in the colonic tissues.Results:Compared with the controls, the expressions of RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3 and IL-10, together with the ratio of RORγt/Foxp3, were significantly higher in UC patients [0.32 (0.20, 0.46) ×10 -2 vs. 0.17 (0.11, 0.19) ×10 -2, 0.56 (0.30, 0.76) ×10 -2 vs. 0.19 (0.16, 0.26) ×10 -2, 0.26 (0.16, 0.33) ×10 -2 vs. 0.18 (0.12, 0.21) ×10 -2, 0.29 (0.19, 0.37) ×10 -2 vs. 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) ×10 -2, 1.14 (0.81, 1.86) vs. 0.86 (0.78, 0.92) , all P<0.05], meanwhile the expressions of RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3, IL-10, and the ratio of RORγt/Foxp3 were higher in patients with active UC than inactive UC [0.45 (0.31, 0.53) ×10 -2 vs. 0.16 (0.13, 0.20) ×10 -2, 0.73 (0.56, 0.78) ×10 -2 vs. 0.26 (0.21, 0.33) ×10 -2, 0.26 (0.24, 0.35) ×10 -2 vs. 0.17 (0.14, 0.26) ×10 -2, 0.35 (0.28, 0.38) ×10 -2 vs. 0.16 (0.11, 0.20) ×10 -2, 1.77 (0.90, 2.07) vs. 82.84 (64.12, 112.67) , all P<0.05]. The colonic VDR expression in UC patients was significantly lower than that in controls [0.66 (0.28, 19.15) ×10 -2 vs. 2.94 (2.61, 3.21) ×10 -2, P<0.001], meanwhile VDR expression was also shown to be lower in patients with active UC than that in those with inactive UC [0.37 (0.26, 0.69) ×10 -2 vs. 2.63 (1.78, 3.24) ×10 -2, P<0.001]. The subsequent linear regression analysis suggested that the ratio of RORγt/Foxp3 in colonic tissue of UC patients was independently and negatively associated to the colonic VDR expression ( β = -0.530, P = 0.003) . Conclusion:The lower colonic VDR expression is associated to the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in UC patients.

Objects:To explore the association of colonic vitamin D receptor (VDR) expressionwith imbalance of Th17/regulatory T cells (Tregs) in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) .Methods:The specimens of peripheral blood and colonic tissue were retrospectively collected from 30 UC patients and 15 controls (colonic polypadenoma) , respectively. The clinical data of all the participants were simultaneously recorded, including age, gender, smoking, body mass index, UC activity (assessed by Mayo scoring system) . The electrochemiluminescence method was conducted to measure the serum level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25 (OH) D]. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining method was applied for examining the protein expression levels of VDR, Th17 and Treg cells related factors (RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3, IL-10, respectively) in the colonic tissues.Results:Compared with the controls, the expressions of RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3 and IL-10, together with the ratio of RORγt/Foxp3, were significantly higher in UC patients [0.32 (0.20, 0.46) ×10 -2 vs. 0.17 (0.11, 0.19) ×10 -2, 0.56 (0.30, 0.76) ×10 -2 vs. 0.19 (0.16, 0.26) ×10 -2, 0.26 (0.16, 0.33) ×10 -2 vs. 0.18 (0.12, 0.21) ×10 -2, 0.29 (0.19, 0.37) ×10 -2 vs. 0.06 (0.04, 0.09) ×10 -2, 1.14 (0.81, 1.86) vs. 0.86 (0.78, 0.92) , all P<0.05], meanwhile the expressions of RORγt, IL-17, Foxp3, IL-10, and the ratio of RORγt/Foxp3 were higher in patients with active UC than inactive UC [0.45 (0.31, 0.53) ×10 -2 vs. 0.16 (0.13, 0.20) ×10 -2, 0.73 (0.56, 0.78) ×10 -2 vs. 0.26 (0.21, 0.33) ×10 -2, 0.26 (0.24, 0.35) ×10 -2 vs. 0.17 (0.14, 0.26) ×10 -2, 0.35 (0.28, 0.38) ×10 -2 vs. 0.16 (0.11, 0.20) ×10 -2, 1.77 (0.90, 2.07) vs. 82.84 (64.12, 112.67) , all P<0.05]. The colonic VDR expression in UC patients was significantly lower than that in controls [0.66 (0.28, 19.15) ×10 -2 vs. 2.94 (2.61, 3.21) ×10 -2, P<0.001], meanwhile VDR expression was also shown to be lower in patients with active UC than that in those with inactive UC [0.37 (0.26, 0.69) ×10 -2 vs. 2.63 (1.78, 3.24) ×10 -2, P<0.001]. The subsequent linear regression analysis suggested that the ratio of RORγt/Foxp3 in colonic tissue of UC patients was independently and negatively associated to the colonic VDR expression ( β = -0.530, P = 0.003) . Conclusion:The lower colonic VDR expression is associated to the imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in UC patients.

Objective To explore the distribution of pathogens, bacterial drug resistance, clinical features and prognosis of bacterial meningitis (BM) in children.MethodsThe clinical data of children diagnosed with BM during January 2011 to July 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Children were divided into good outcome group and poor outcome group by the outcome at discharge. The distribution of pathogens, bacterial drug resistance, clinical features, and prognosis were analyzed among different groups.ResultsThere were included 95 children diagnosed with BM,. among whom 69 (72.6%) children had Gram-positive bacterial infections with predominantStreptococcus pneumonia (43 cases, 45.3%) and 26 (27.4%) children had Gram-negative bacterial infections with predominantEscherichia coli (13 cases, 13.7%). More than 50%Streptococcus pneumonia andEscherichia coli were resisted to penicillin. The neurological complications in children with BM included subdural effusions, hydrocephalus, cerebral parenchyma injury, and hearing and visual impairment, et.al. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that consciousness, coma, and low level of glucose in cerebrospinal lfuid were the independent risk factors for adverse outcome at discharge.ConclusionStreptococcus pneumonia andEscherichia coli were the predominant pathogens in children with BM with high resistance rate to penicillin. BM children may have varying degrees of neurological sequelae. The unconsciousness and low level of glucose in cerebrospinal lfuid were associated with unfavorable outcomes at discharge.