Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of different acupuncture-related therapies in treating postoperative pain in patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) after percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) or percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) using a network meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed) from their inception to January 15, 2025. Outcome measures included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score, and overall efficacy rate. Literature screening, data extraction, and risk-of-bias assessment were independently performed by two researchers. Data analysis was conducted using Stata 17.0 software.ResultsA total of 35 randomized controlled trials involving 2860 patients were included. The data analysis revealed that, in terms of improving VAS and ODI scores, the top three effective therapies were Fu's subcutaneous needling, wrist-ankle acupuncture, and acupotomy. For the overall efficacy rates in pain treatment, the top three therapies were wrist-ankle acupuncture, warm acupuncture and moxibustion, and Fu's subcutaneous needling. Based on the combined results across the three outcome measures, Fu's subcutaneous needling was found to be the most effective in relieving pain and improving lumbar function.ConclusionFu's subcutaneous needling, wrist-ankle acupuncture, warm acupuncture and moxibustion, and acupotomy were all effective in treating postoperative pain post-PKP/PVP and improving lumbar function. However, further high-quality, large-sample studies are required to confirm these findings.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to analyze the biomechanics of three kinds of rigid internal fixation methods for condylar head fractures. METHODS: A three dimensional finite element model of the normal mandible was constructed. It was then used to prepare condylar head fracture finite element model and three kinds of rigid internal fixation finite element model (unilateral tension screw, bilateral tension screw, tension screw+titanium plate). The mechanical characteristics and changes of the mandible condyle under the same mechanical conditions were compared among the three different rigid internal fixation methods. RESULTS: The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of unilateral tension screw were 71.03 MPa and 4.72 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 78.45 MPa and 4.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 3.27 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of bilateral tension screw were 70.52 MPa and 4.00 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and displacement of the free end of condyle were 72.49 MPa and 3.85 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.33 MPa. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the non-free end of condyle under the rigid internal fixation method of tension screw+titanium plate were 67.26 MPa and 2.66 mm, respectively. The maximum equivalent stress and maximum displacement of the free end of condyle were 69.66 MPa and 2.50 mm, respectively. The maximum stress of fracture suture was 2.18 MPa. CONCLUSIONS The tension screw+titanium plate rigid internal fixation method is the most conducive to biomechanical distribution for condylar head fractures.
Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Mandibular Condyle/surgery* ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Screws ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandibular Fractures/surgery* ; Bone Plates ; Titanium ; Stress, Mechanical

Under the backdrop of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, running has become the most common form of exercise. Fitness running is a kind of endurance aerobic exercise. Compared with swimming, aerobics, and other sports with high activity and intensity, the risk of lower limb fatigue injury during fitness running is higher. In this review paper, the risk factors for running-related injuries were summarized by consulting and analyzing the database and focuses on discussing and analyzing the impact of running on joints. The results showed that hip adduction, knee bending, and ankle joint abnormalities are the three joint-related factors that cause the main injuries during running. Four rehabilitation intervention methods for running-related injuries were proposed, that can guide patients to generate personalized rehabilitation treatment plans through training.

BACKGROUND:Ligaments are important structures in maintaining the stability of the lumbar spine,and these structures are prone to degradation due to the generated mechanical stress.However,there are few studies on ligament injuries. OBJECTIVE:To determine the range of motion and stress of each ligament in the state of motion based on a three-dimensional finite element model,and to systematically explore the influence of ligament injury on the stability of the lumbar spine and its biomechanical significance. METHODS:The L4-L5 lumbar finite element model was established.All free forces on the lower surface of L5 were constrained,and a torque of 5 N·m was applied to simulate the motion states of the lumbar spine.Progressive ligament damage was simulated by changing Young's modulus of the ligament. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The extension range of motion of most ligament injuries increased significantly.In contrast,there was no significant change in the lateral bending range of motion.(2)The range of motion of capsular ligament injury increased significantly in flexion,extension and lateral bending.The extension range of motion increased significantly after the anterior longitudinal ligament injury.Intertransverse ligament injury resulted in a significant increase in the lateral bending range of motion.(3)After a single ligament injury,the most significant change in range of motion was observed during extension.After a single ligament injury,the stress of the remaining ligaments increased,especially the capsular ligament.The stress changes of the interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum were the least obvious.Ligament stress changes least in lateral bending and most in torsion.(4)Ligament damage did not result in major changes in disc pressure,indicating that ligament injury leads to an increased range of motion of the lumbar spine and affects the stability of the lumbar spine.(5)Capsular ligament was stable in flexion,extension and lateral bending.The anterior longitudinal ligament showed a stable extension;the intertransverse ligament stabilizes the lateral curve.(6)Extension exercise is sensitive to a ligament injury,and the pathological changes of the ligament can be examined by extension exercise.(7)Stress compensation was given to the remaining ligaments to maintain the stability of the lumbar spine after a single ligament injury.(8)Interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum injuries have the least impact on the peripheral ligaments,while capsular ligament injuries have the greatest impact on the peripheral ligaments.(9)The ligament injury has the least effect on the residual ligament stress during lateral bending exercise,while it has the greatest effect on the ligament stress during the twisting exercise.Patients with ligament injury should avoid twisting exercises.Ligament injuries do not affect disc pressure.

BACKGROUND:Ligaments are an important structure for stabilizing the lumbar spine,and they are prone to degenerative changes with age.Currently,there is limited research on lumbar ligaments. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of different combinations of ligament injuries on biomechanical characteristics of lumbar spine under four motion states of forward bending,backward extension,lateral bending,and torsion under a certain sequence of ligament injuries. METHODS:A finite element model of the L4-L5 segment of the lumbar spine was established,and corresponding moments were applied to simulate four motion states of forward bending,backward extension,lateral bending,and torsion.The combined injuries of the ligaments were performed in order to obtain the motion range of each vertebra and the stress of each ligament. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Every time a ligament was removed,the remaining ligament stress would increase.Under all four working conditions,capsular ligament would experience the highest stress,especially during forward bending.With the removal of ligaments,the range of motion of the vertebrae was also continuously increasing.(2)When flexing forward,after removing the first ligament capsular ligament,the average stress change in the remaining ligament was the highest,followed by the removal of supraspinous ligament.After removing capsular ligament,the change rate of range of motion was the highest,while after removing posterior longitudinal ligament,the change rate of range of motion was the lowest.(3)When extending backward,all ligaments had the highest rate of stress change after removing capsular ligament,the highest rate of range of motion change after removing capsular ligament,and the lowest rate of range of motion change after removing posterior longitudinal ligament.(4)When bending,the stress change rate of interspinous ligament decreased after removing intertransverse ligament,while supraspinous ligament increased more.After removing capsular ligament and interspinous ligament,the range of motion change rate increased significantly.(5)During lateral bending,after removing capsular ligament,the stress change rate of the remaining ligament was much higher than that of other ligament damage combinations,and the range of motion change rate was the highest after removing capsular ligament.In other cases,the range of motion change rate did not exceed 8%.(6)If the root ligament is damaged,the remaining ligaments will undergo stress compensation.Ligament damage will affect the stability of the lumbar spine,with minimal impact in cases of lateral curvature.Patients with lumbar instability should avoid forward flexion and backward extension movements,which can make it easier to detect the pathological condition of the ligaments.(7)Capsular ligament is an important structure for maintaining lumbar stability,and supraspinous ligament plays a significant role in anterior flexion,maintaining the integrity of the entire lumbar ligament.

A case of giant liquid tophus in both lower legs was reported. The patient was a 41-year-old man with a history of gout for more than 10 years. The patient had hyperlipidemia and prediabetes, and the long-term use of hormone cortisol drugs was suspected. After standardized treatment for lowering uric acid, reducing blood lipids, and correcting glucose intolerance, the patient lost 12 kg over six months. The patient was admitted to the hospital upon discovering symmetrical enlargement of both calves. Ultrasound showed subcutaneous masses with clear boundaries behind the gastrocnemius muscle, approximately 14.9 cm×6.7 cm on the left and 13.6 cm×4.6 cm on the right. Based on the clinical information and morphological features, a diagnosis of gouty tophus was made. Following ultrasound-guided puncture drainage, aspirate about 200 mL fluid from the subcutaneous masses of each lower legs. The patient continued to receive standardized uric acid-lowering treatment and the patient′s condition improved. For such atypical giant liquid tophus, clinical practitioners should remain vigilant, differentiating them from tumors, infections, autoimmune diseases, and promptly perform pathological examinations through puncture to be diagnosed. After a definitive diagnosis, surgical excision can be performed concurrently with standardized uric acid-lowering treatment to achieve a favorable prognosis.

Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are a small group of cells found in tumors that have same self-renewing properties as nor-mal stem cells.In recent years,with continuous development of science and technology in various aspects,people's research on tumor diseases has been deepened.CSCs has been defined as a key factor in promoting tumor development,especially participating in pro-moting tumor recurrence,metastasis,chemotherapy resistance,etc.Currently,CD133 has become one of popular CSCs markers,and can be highly expressed in a variety of CSCs.CD133 is closely related to diagnosis of cancer diseases,and plays an important role in dignosis and drug targeting for gastric cancer,lung cancer,brain tumor,liver cancer,ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer.This article reviews structure,function,immune mechanism escape of CD133,signal pathway of CD133 in tumorigenesis,and correlation of CD133 with various tumors as well.

In order to meet the needs of the comprehensive development of life sciences and medicine,and fulfill the coher-ence and intersectionality of undergraduate experimental courses,it is necessary to break the teaching contents of conventional single experiment courses,and carry out the teaching reform of tumor comprehensive experimental course.Molecular biology and immuno-logy are two basic subjects which are closely related to the scientific research of life science,basic medicine and clinical medicine.Meantime,they are important sources for students to acquire skill training and scientific thinking as well.In this study,we try to inte-grate the experimental courses about the analysis and intervention of tumor-related genes based on the molecular biology and immunology technologies,facilitating to establish a new tumor comprehensive experimental course system.The course focuses on the development of students'logical thinking,and simulates the scientific research process through database screening,experimental operation,experi-mental report and paper writing,so as to significantly improve undergraduates'interest in scientific research and their ability to com-bine theory with practice,and cultivate students'rigorous scientific and innovative thinking ability as well as their ability to compre-hensively analyze and solve problems.It lays a solid foundation for future postgraduate related scientific research.At the same time,it is helpful to train teachers with multi-disciplinary knowledge reserves,and promote the coordinated development of scientific research through teaching.