ObjectiveTo observe the effects of acupuncture at channel points in treating functional dyspepsia （FD） patients of spleen-stomach weakness syndrome and to explore its potential mechanism. MethodsSixty FD patients of spleen-stomach weakness syndrome were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a domperidone group， with 30 patients in each group. Acupuncture group was given acupuncture at Zusanli （ST36）， Neiguan （PC6）， Gongsun （SP4）， and Yinlingquan （SP9） using even reinforcing-reducing method. Unilateral points were selected alternately on the left and right sides， once daily， for 30 minutes each session， 5 sessions per course， and a 2-day interval between courses. Domperidone group was given domperidone tablets orally， one tablet each time， three times daily， 15~30 minutes before meals. The total course of treatment was 4 weeks in both groups. Pairwise comparisons of the symptom scores including postprandial fullness and discomfort， early satiety， epigastric pain， and epigastric burning discomfort， and the levels of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine （5-HT）， vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP）， and glucagon-like peptide-1 （GLP-1） were conducted at pre-treatment， 4， and 8 weeks post-treatment. The clinical efficacy was analyzed and evaluated after treatment. ResultsCompared with baseline， the symptom scores of postprandial fullness and discomfort， early satiety， epigastric pain and epigastric burning discomfort and the levels of serum 5-HT， VIP and GLP-1 of both groups were significantly decreased after 4 weeks and 8 weeks treatment （P＜0.05）. At 4 weeks post-treatment， all symptom scores and the levels of 5-HT and GLP-1 of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than those of the domperidone group （P＜0.05）. At 8 weeks post-treatment， the symptom scores of postprandial fullness and discomfort， early satiety and epigastric pain and the levels of 5-HT and VIP of the acupuncture group were significantly lower than those of the domperidone group （P＜0.05）. The total effective rate of the acupuncture group （96.67%， 29/30） was higher than that of the domperidone group （86.67%， 26/30， P＞0.05）. ConclusionAcupuncture at channel points shows good clinical efficacy in the treatment of spleen-stomach weakness syndrome FD， and its mechanism may be related to the decreased levels of 5-HT， VIP， and GLP-1 in serum.

Background The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region is a vast area with a wide array of ecological environments, resulting in considerable regional variations in air pollution characteristics. Current research is limited by a scarcity of systematic, region-wide studies and risk assessments. Objective To assess the health risks associated with inhalation exposure to nine heavy metal and metalloid elements in atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) for the population of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Methods From the 10th to the 16th of each month throughout 2023, atmospheric PM_2.5 samples were collected at designated monitoring sites in 12 leagues (cities) across the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region to analyze the characteristics and trends in concentration. The health risk assessment model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency was employed to evaluate both the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks associated with the heavy metal elements beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), hydrargyrum (Hg), plumbum (Pb), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) and the metalloid elements stibium (Sb) and arsenic (As). Results In 2023, a total of 1206 valid PM_2.5 samples were analyzed from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The annual average PM_2.5 concentrations in Inner Mongolia, as well as in the cities of Ordos, Wuhai, and the Alxa League, all exceeded the national limit of 35 μg·m⁻³. The PM_2.5 concentrations across the leagues (cities) exhibited a clear seasonal variation, peaking in winter, followed by spring, and reaching a minimum in summer and autumn. The median PM_2.5 concentration in Ordos throughout the year was higher than that in the other leagues (cities) of the region. Concerning health risks, the non-carcinogenic risks associated with the 9 elements detected in each league (city) were all below 1, indicating acceptable levels. However, the non-carcinogenic risk values for Mn, Cr, and As were relatively high; specifically, Ordos City displayed the highest non-carcinogenic risk values for Mn (7.74×10⁻¹) and Cr (2.97×10⁻²), while Chifeng City recorded the highest value for As (2.34×10⁻³). The carcinogenic risk values for As, Cd, Cr, and Ni fell within the range of 1×10⁻⁹ to 1×10⁻⁵, representing an acceptable level. The health risks varied with age, and the elderly residents faced the highest non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks. Conclusion While the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from heavy metals and metalloids within atmospheric PM_2.5 in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are generally within acceptable limits, the potential risks that Mn, As, and Cr pose to the health of elderly people warrants particular attention, and Ordos and Chifeng cities exhibit notably higher health risks among other areas. It is recommended that regular, long-term monitoring be conducted, taking into account the specific conditions at monitoring sites across each league (city), and that targeted air quality management strategies be implemented to protect public health.

Hearing loss is the most prevalent disabling disease. Cochlear implantation（CI） serves as the primary intervention for severe to profound hearing loss. This consensus systematically explores the value of genetic diagnosis in the pre-operative assessment and efficacy prognosis for CI. Drawing upon domestic and international research and clinical experience, it proposes an evidence-based medicine three-tiered prognostic classification system（Favorable, Marginal, Poor）. The consensus focuses on common hereditary non-syndromic hearing loss（such as that caused by mutations in genes like GJB2, SLC26A4, OTOF, LOXHD1） and syndromic hereditary hearing loss（such as Jervell & Lange-Nielsen syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome）, which are closely associated with congenital hearing loss, analyzing the impact of their pathological mechanisms on CI outcomes. The consensus provides recommendations based on multiple round of expert discussion and voting. It emphasizes that genetic diagnosis can optimize patient selection, predict prognosis, guide post-operative rehabilitation, offer stratified management strategies for patients with different genotypes, and advance the application of precision medicine in the field of CI.
Humans ; Cochlear Implantation ; Prognosis ; Hearing Loss/surgery* ; Consensus ; Connexin 26 ; Mutation ; Sulfate Transporters ; Connexins/genetics*

ObjectiveTo investigate the changing trend of the disease burden of hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis in China， to identify related influencing factors， and to provide a basis for optimizing prevention and treatment strategies. MethodsBased on the data from Global Burden of Disease Study in 2021， the Joinpoint regression model was used to calculate the average annual percentage change of the age-standardized incidence rate， prevalence rate， mortality rate， and disability-adjusted life year （DALY） rate of chronic hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis from 1992 to 2021. An age-period-cohort model was established to assess the risk of disease onset， and the ARIMA model was used to predict the trend of disease burden from 2022 to 2031. ResultsFrom 1992 to 2021， there was a tendency of reduction in the overall age-standardized incidence rate， prevalence rate， mortality rate， and DALY rate of hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis in China， with an average annual decline of 4.52% （95% confidence interval ［CI］： -4.63% to -4.44%， P<0.05）， 2.73% （95%CI： -2.80% to -2.66%， P<0.05）， 3.41% （95%CI： -3.50% to -3.33%， P<0.05）， and 3.55% （95%CI： -3.65% to -3.48%， P<0.05）， respectively. Compared with female individuals， male individuals had significantly higher age-standardized incidence rate， prevalence rate， mortality rate， and DALY rate. From 1992 to 2021， the risk of hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis in China first decreased， then increased， and decreased again with age， and it showed an tendency of reduction with time， while it first increased and then decreased with birth cohort. The predictive model showed that there would be a tendency of reduction in the age-standardized incidence rate， prevalence rate， mortality rate， and DALY rate of hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis in China from 2022 to 2031. ConclusionFrom 1992 to 2021， there was a tendency of reduction in the disease burden of hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis in China， and it would maintain a downward trend in the next decade. There are sex and age differences in the risk of hepatitis B and its related liver cirrhosis.

Based on the"You Gu Wu Yun"theory in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),this paper believes that"Gu"in"You Gu Wu Yun"is extended to"state"from the perspective of"TCM state".In order to avoid the adverse reactions of TCM,the macro,meso,and micro three views should be used together,and macro,meso,and micro parameters should be integrated.We should also carefully identify the physiological characteristics,pathological characteristics,constitution,syndrome,and disease of human body by combining qualitative and quantitative method,highlighting the relationship between the prescription and the"state".The correspondence between prescription and the"state"will reduce the risk of adverse reactions of TCM.In this paper,we hope to focus on the guiding role of the"You Gu Wu Yun"theory in TCM research,to give full play to the characteristics and advantages of TCM,and to dialectically treat the role of TCM.

Cancer stem cells(CSCs)are a small group of cells found in tumors that have same self-renewing properties as nor-mal stem cells.In recent years,with continuous development of science and technology in various aspects,people's research on tumor diseases has been deepened.CSCs has been defined as a key factor in promoting tumor development,especially participating in pro-moting tumor recurrence,metastasis,chemotherapy resistance,etc.Currently,CD133 has become one of popular CSCs markers,and can be highly expressed in a variety of CSCs.CD133 is closely related to diagnosis of cancer diseases,and plays an important role in dignosis and drug targeting for gastric cancer,lung cancer,brain tumor,liver cancer,ovarian cancer and colorectal cancer.This article reviews structure,function,immune mechanism escape of CD133,signal pathway of CD133 in tumorigenesis,and correlation of CD133 with various tumors as well.

In order to meet the needs of the comprehensive development of life sciences and medicine,and fulfill the coher-ence and intersectionality of undergraduate experimental courses,it is necessary to break the teaching contents of conventional single experiment courses,and carry out the teaching reform of tumor comprehensive experimental course.Molecular biology and immuno-logy are two basic subjects which are closely related to the scientific research of life science,basic medicine and clinical medicine.Meantime,they are important sources for students to acquire skill training and scientific thinking as well.In this study,we try to inte-grate the experimental courses about the analysis and intervention of tumor-related genes based on the molecular biology and immunology technologies,facilitating to establish a new tumor comprehensive experimental course system.The course focuses on the development of students'logical thinking,and simulates the scientific research process through database screening,experimental operation,experi-mental report and paper writing,so as to significantly improve undergraduates'interest in scientific research and their ability to com-bine theory with practice,and cultivate students'rigorous scientific and innovative thinking ability as well as their ability to compre-hensively analyze and solve problems.It lays a solid foundation for future postgraduate related scientific research.At the same time,it is helpful to train teachers with multi-disciplinary knowledge reserves,and promote the coordinated development of scientific research through teaching.

Under the backdrop of the "Healthy China 2030" strategy, running has become the most common form of exercise. Fitness running is a kind of endurance aerobic exercise. Compared with swimming, aerobics, and other sports with high activity and intensity, the risk of lower limb fatigue injury during fitness running is higher. In this review paper, the risk factors for running-related injuries were summarized by consulting and analyzing the database and focuses on discussing and analyzing the impact of running on joints. The results showed that hip adduction, knee bending, and ankle joint abnormalities are the three joint-related factors that cause the main injuries during running. Four rehabilitation intervention methods for running-related injuries were proposed, that can guide patients to generate personalized rehabilitation treatment plans through training.

BACKGROUND:Ligaments are important structures in maintaining the stability of the lumbar spine,and these structures are prone to degradation due to the generated mechanical stress.However,there are few studies on ligament injuries. OBJECTIVE:To determine the range of motion and stress of each ligament in the state of motion based on a three-dimensional finite element model,and to systematically explore the influence of ligament injury on the stability of the lumbar spine and its biomechanical significance. METHODS:The L4-L5 lumbar finite element model was established.All free forces on the lower surface of L5 were constrained,and a torque of 5 N·m was applied to simulate the motion states of the lumbar spine.Progressive ligament damage was simulated by changing Young's modulus of the ligament. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The extension range of motion of most ligament injuries increased significantly.In contrast,there was no significant change in the lateral bending range of motion.(2)The range of motion of capsular ligament injury increased significantly in flexion,extension and lateral bending.The extension range of motion increased significantly after the anterior longitudinal ligament injury.Intertransverse ligament injury resulted in a significant increase in the lateral bending range of motion.(3)After a single ligament injury,the most significant change in range of motion was observed during extension.After a single ligament injury,the stress of the remaining ligaments increased,especially the capsular ligament.The stress changes of the interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum were the least obvious.Ligament stress changes least in lateral bending and most in torsion.(4)Ligament damage did not result in major changes in disc pressure,indicating that ligament injury leads to an increased range of motion of the lumbar spine and affects the stability of the lumbar spine.(5)Capsular ligament was stable in flexion,extension and lateral bending.The anterior longitudinal ligament showed a stable extension;the intertransverse ligament stabilizes the lateral curve.(6)Extension exercise is sensitive to a ligament injury,and the pathological changes of the ligament can be examined by extension exercise.(7)Stress compensation was given to the remaining ligaments to maintain the stability of the lumbar spine after a single ligament injury.(8)Interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum injuries have the least impact on the peripheral ligaments,while capsular ligament injuries have the greatest impact on the peripheral ligaments.(9)The ligament injury has the least effect on the residual ligament stress during lateral bending exercise,while it has the greatest effect on the ligament stress during the twisting exercise.Patients with ligament injury should avoid twisting exercises.Ligament injuries do not affect disc pressure.

Rosacea is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease whose exact pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Metabolomics has been widely used in the field of life science to provide strong evidence for exploring the pathogenesis and biomarkers of diseases. In recent years, researchers have applied metabolomics to rosacea-related fields using sebum, tear, saliva, and serum samples. This review summarizes research progress on current metabolomics methods and the application of metabolomics in rosacea.