Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the relationships between various exercise components (frequency, intensity, duration) and social anxiety. Methods: A sample of 844 college students in China participated in this study. The Physical Activity Rating Scale-3 assessed participants’ daily physical activity. Social anxiety levels were measured using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. A questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information and examine the relationships between exercise components and social anxiety levels. Results: One-way analysis of variance revealed significant differences in social anxiety levels across varying physical activity intensities. Specifically, students engaging in high levels of physical activity exhibited the lowest social anxiety. Post hoc analyses identified that exercise frequency F3 (p<0.01), exercise duration D5 (p<0.01), and exercise intensity I3 (p<0.01) were significantly associated with the lowest social anxiety levels. Among these components, regression analysis indicated that exercise duration (p<0.01) had the most substantial impact on social anxiety levels, followed by exercise frequency (p<0.05). In contrast, exercise intensity (p>0.05) did not significantly affect social anxiety levels. Conclusion The most influential factors associated with decreased social anxiety were: 1) moderate to high exercise intensity, 2) exercise duration of at least one hour, and 3) exercise frequency of at least 1–2 times per week. Among these factors, exercise duration and frequency demonstrated significantly stronger associations with reduced social anxiety. Therefore, it is advisable to prioritize exercise duration and frequency in physical activity programs for college students to reduce social anxiety and achieve more substantial outcomes.

Objective To study the effect of hesperetin(HSP)on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury(RIRI)in rats and its mechanism.Methods Fifty male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:sham group,model group(renal ischemia-reperfusion injury I/R),HSP pretreatment(HSP+I/R)group,all-trans retinoic acid pretreatment(ATRA+I/R)group,HSP and ATRA pretreatment(HSP+ATRA+1/R)group.Each group had 10 rats.The sham group only exposed both kidneys by opening the abdominal cavity.In other groups,the RIRI model was established by occluding the bilateral renal pedicles for 45 min,followed by reperfusion for 24 h.Hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE)was used to ascertain the extent of kidney injury.The microplate method was used to measure serum creatinine(Scr)levels,while the urease method was used to measure blood urea nitrogen(BUN)levels.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to detect the contents of interleukin-6(IL-6),interleukin-1β(IL-1 β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the serum.The kit method was used to examine the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione(GSH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and catalase(CAT)in kidney tissue.The Western blot analysis was conducted to detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2(Nrf2)and its downstream antioxidant proteins heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and quinone oxide reductase 1(NQO1)in renal tissues.Results The scores for renal tubule damage in sham,I/R and HSP+I/R groups were 0.20±0.45,4.20±0.84 and 2.40±0.55;Scr contents were(55.52±11.23),(207.10±19.22)and(105.60±18.11)μmol·L-1;IL-6 contents were(33.66±6.83),(172.50±8.09)and(105.40±10.03)pg·mL-1.The SOD levels in sham,I/R,HSP+I/R,ATRA+I/R and HSP+ATRA+I/R groups were(57.04±3.44),(37.29±3.60),(51.61±9.41),(32.55±5.58)and(37.40±3.66)U·mg·prot-1;the relative expression levels of Nrf2 were 0.37±0.24,0.57±0.28,1.31±0.34,0.44±0.17 and 0.77±0.25;the relative expression levels of HO-1 protein were 0.26±0.14,0.57±0.30,1.32±0.61,0.53±0.28 and 0.67±0.50.There was significant difference in renal tubule damage score,Scr,IL-6 and SOD indexes in I/R group compared to sham group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).The above indexes were statistically significant between HSP+I/R group and I/R group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion The activation of HSP may stimulate the Nrf2-antioxidant response element(ARE)pathway,enhance the expression of downstream antioxidant proteins,mitigate the renal damage caused by oxidative stress,and ultimately improve RIRI.

Background Excessive radon exposure is considered the second risk factor for lung cancer. Since the opening of the subway in a city of Zhejiang Province, the exposure level of radioactive gas radon in subway stations and its impact on occupational health have become one of the important issues of public concern. Objective To monitor the radon concentration of subways in a city in Zhejiang Province and explore the effect of radon exposure on chromosome aberration and micronuclei in the working population. Methods A total of 55 vehicle control rooms of 55 stations affiliated to two different subway lines in a city were measured for one year; the 110 ticket offices and 55 security checkpoints from the same 55 stations were measured from 16 March to 14 June. The radon concentrations were compared by job types, subway lines, and seasons referring to Measurement methods for determination of radon in environmental air (HJ 1212-2021). Peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberration and micronucleus analyses were conducted in 165 subway workers from monitoring sites for three different job types, then the influencing factors were analyzed. The detection methods were adopted from the standards of Test and assessment of chromosomal aberrations on occupational health examinations for radiation workers (GBZ/T 248-2014) and Standard for the method of micronucleus detection in lymphocytes on occupational health examination for radiation workers and exposure dose estimation (GBZ/T 328-2023). Results The radon concentration range of the target subways in Zhejiang Province was 10-320 Bq·m⁻³, all lower than the national limit (≤400 Bq·m⁻³). The differences in radon radioactivity levels among different lines, job types, and time segments were statistically significant (P<0.05). The rates of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation among the 165 subjects were 0.224% and 0.024%, respectively. There were significant differences in the rates of chromosome aberration and micronuclei among different jobs (vehicle control room, ticket office, security checkpoint) (P<0.05), but the abnormal rates were lower than the limits of the corresponding national standard. No significant correlation was found between jobs and chromosomal aberrations or micronuclei (P>0.05). Chromosome aberration and micronuclei varied by age, subway station seniority, and smoking (P<0.05). No effect of the above factors on chromosome aberration and micronuclei was observed by logistic regression (P>0.05). Conclusion The radon concentration in the target subway system is at a normal level. The rates of chromosomal aberration and micronucleus formation vary by jobs, but both are lower than the corresponding national limits. Therefore, radon exposure has not yet caused outstanding health impact on the subway workers.

Objective:To analyze the improvement effect of monk fruit on diabetic nephropathy(DN)by network pharmacology,and to elucidate its possible related mechanism.Methods:The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TCMSP)Database was used to detect the active ingredients and their targets of monk fruit;the DN target genes were screened out by DisGeNET Database and Genecards Database;the key targets of monk fruit against DN were obtained by comparing the monk fruit with DN targets;protein-protein interaction(PPI)network diagram was constructed by STRING Database and Cytoscape software;Gene Ontology(GO)functional enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Cytoscape software.Molecular docking technology was used to predict the binding abilities of the core targets and the main active ingredients of monk fruit.Results:The TCMSP Database combined with the selection criteria was used to screen out a total of five active ingredients of monk fruit(ZINC03860434,Perlolyrine,beta-sitosterol,Kaempferol,and Flazin)as well as 85 targets represented by serine/threonine protein kinase 1(AKT1),transcription factor RELA,c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JUN),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF).Among them,Kaempferol contained the most targets.Among the 85 targets,34 were associated with DN.The GO functional enrichment analysis mainly included biological process(BP)such as oxidative stress,regulation of inflammation and apoptosis,and cell signaling transduction.The KEGG enrichment analysis included advanced glycosylation end product(AGE)-receptor of AGE(AGE-RAGE)signaling pathway,TNF signaling pathway,and C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway.The results molecular docking technology of the main active ingredients of monk fruit and DN target proteins showed that 5 kinds of molecular docking engergy were-8.00--5.00 kJ·mol-1.Conclusion:Kaempferol is the most effective active ingredient in the monk fruit for the treatment of DN,and its mechanism is mainly related to anti-inflammatory.

Mitochondrial quality control plays an important role in maintaining homeostasis of mitochondrial network and normal function of mitochondria. ATPase family AAA domain-containing protein 3A (ATAD3A) is one of the mitochondrial membrane proteins involved in the regulation of mitochondrial structure and function, mitochondrial dynamics, mitophagy and other important biological processes. Recent studies show that ATAD3A not only interacts with Mic60/Mitofilin and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) to maintain mitochondrial cristae morphology and oxidative phosphorylation, but also interacts with dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) to positively/negatively regulate mitochondrial fission. In addition, ATAD3A serves as a bridging factor between the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex and translocase of the inner mitochondrial membrane (TIM) complex to facilitate the import of PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1) into mitochondria and its processing displays a pro-autophagic or anti-autophagic activity. This article reviews the role and mechanism of ATAD3A in regulating mitochondrial quality control. Firstly, as an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, ATAD3A is involved in maintaining the stability of mitochondrial crista structure, and its gene deletion or mutation will cause the loss and breakage of crista. Secondly, ATAD3A is also involved in maintaining mitochondrial respiratory function and mitochondrial nucleoid homeostasis, and its gene deletion or mutation can reduce the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex and enhance the size and movement of nucleoid. Thirdly, ATAD3A participates in the negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion, but its role in mitochondrial fission may dependent on specific cell types, as it can promote and/or inhibit the mitochondrial fission by increasing and/or decreasing phosphorylation or oligomerization of Drp1. Finally, ATAD3A can interact with mitophagy-related proteins (e.g. PINK1, autophagy/beclin-1 regulator 1 (AMBRA1), acylglycerol kinase (AGK)) to enhance/reduce PINK1-Parkin-dependent mitophagy.

To investigate the expression and clinical significance of GATA-3 and H3K27me3 in Tibetan patients with bladder urothelial carcinoma (BUC).