AIM To study the flavonoids from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl.and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extraction from the leaves of C.camphora was isolated and purified by liquid-liquid extraction,macroporous adsorption resin chromatography,HW-40C gel column chromatography,molecular exclusion chromatography and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method.RESULT Ten flavonoids were isolated and identified as(2R,3S)-7-methoxy-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-afzelechin(1),quercetin-3-O-sambubioside(2),quercetin-3-O-β-D-apiosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside(3),quercetin-3-O-robibioside(4),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside(6),5,3'-di-O-methyl-epicatechin(7)、cinchonain Ⅱb(8)、quercetin-3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside(9)、(-)-epicatechin(10).The IC50 value of compound 8 scavenging DPPH free radical was 4.8 μg/mL.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound,and compound 2-6 are obtained from Cinnamomum genus for the first time,compound 7-9 are first isolated from this plant.Compound 8 shows good antioxidant activities..

【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical implications of ARL5B in esophageal cancer and its underlying mechanisms by using bioinformatics methods. 【Methods】 ARL5B transcriptomic expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), R software was employed to detect the differential expression mRNAs, and related clinical information was collected for survival analysis. To validate the bioinformatics results, Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were carried out for clinical specimens of esophageal cancer tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of ARL5B and its associated clinicopathologic features. The underlying mechanisms of ARL5B in esophageal cancer were preliminarily explored by bioinformatics and qRT-PCR. 【Results】 Bioinformatics method showed that the expression of ARL5B in human esophageal cancer tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. Clinical specimens were detected, the expressions of ARL5B mRNA and protein were the highest in metastases lymph node, followed by esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, which corresponded with bioinformatics results. The expression of ARL5B was strongly correlated with lymph node metastases and advanced clinical stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis results denoted high ARL5B level, indicating poor prognosis. Enrichment analysis showed that ARL5B was associated the biological processes such as vacuolar transport, late endosome to lysosome transport, and organelle localization. Protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) suggested that ARL5B might interact with VPS16, KIF1A and TOM1, whose expressions were verified by qRT-PCR and positively correlated with ARL5B expression. 【Conclusion】 ARL5B was highly expressed in esophageal cancer and associated with lymph node metastases, advanced clinical stage, and poor prognosis. ARL5B may be involved in the progression of esophageal cancer with several molecular mechanisms.

Objective:To analyze the status quo, hotspots and fronts of emergency nursing training research at home and abroad in the past ten years, and to provide reference and ideas for the efficient development of emergency nursing training in China.Methods:CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used to visually analyze the Chinese and English literatures on emergency nursing training included in CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2023.Results:A total of 1 177 Chinese literatures and 1 163 English literatures were included. The number of foreign articles in this field increased year by year, while the number of domestic articles showed a downward trend since 2018. There were many stable core author groups and core institution groups in foreign countries, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The common research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad focused on broadening the training audience of emergency nursing, innovating the training methods of emergency nursing, strengthening the evaluation of the effect of emergency nursing training, and paying attention to the training experience and needs of nurses. Foreign researches also focused on specialized nurses, interprofessional education and nurses′mental health, etc, and the research direction was diversified.Conclusions:The development stages of emergency nursing training researches at home and abroad are different, and the research hotspots are different. In the future, we should learn from foreign research, strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the depth and breadth of research, and strengthen the cooperation between authors, institutions and countries to promote the high-quality development of emergency nursing training research in China.

OBJECTIVES: To establish an LC-MS/MS method based on single hair micro-segmental technique, and verify the detection of 42 psychoactive substances in 0.4 mm hair segments. METHODS: Each piece of single hair was cut into 0.4 mm segments and extracted by sonication and the segments were immersed in dithiothreitol-containing extraction medium. Mobile phase A was the aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 5% acetonitrile. Mobile phase B was acetonitrile. An electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used for data acquisition in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The 42 psychoactive substances in hair had a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r>0.99), the limits of detection were 0.2-10 pg/mm, the limits of quantification were 0.5-20 pg/mm, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.5%-12.7%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 86.5%-109.2%, the recovery rates were 68.1%-98.2%, and the matrix effects were 71.3%-111.7%. The method was applied to hair samples collected from one volunteer at 28 d after a single dose of zolpidem, with zolpidem detected in 5 hairs was 1.08-1.60 cm near the root tip, and the concentration range was 0.62-20.5 pg/mm. CONCLUSIONS The micro-segmental technique of single hair analysis can be applied to the investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.
Humans ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Zolpidem ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Hair ; Acetonitriles ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Nasal spray can treat local diseases such as rhinitis, it also plays an important role in the treatment of systemic diseases including vaccine immunity. As a drug-device combination product, spray pattern is often used as the quality indicator of nasal spray to ensure its quality, plume geometry can not only be combined with the spray pattern to evaluate the performance of the nasal spray, but also can predict the deposition of the nasal spray in the nasal cavity. This article systematically reviews the definition and measurement methods of the spray pattern and plume geometry of nasal spray and their correlation with nasal deposition behavior. The measurement parameters of spray pattern and plume geometry are defined. The influence of formulation, device and trigger parameters on spray pattern and plume geometry is clarified. The correlation between various parameters and nasal deposition is analyzed. The measurement parameters are classified according to the size and shape of the spray. Plume angle is closely related to the deposition of drugs in the nasal cavity. Jet-like plume with a smaller plume angle can increase the navigation ability of the nasal spray in the curved anatomical structure of the nasal cavity, which is conducive to increase drug deposition. This makes it possible to increase deposition of the nasal spray in the nasal cavity via appropriately increasing viscosity and thixotropy of the nasal spray formulation. This review provides the theoretical basis for the high quality nasal spray product development.

Objective:To explore the expression and predictive value of serum CD36 level in cardio-vascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical iden-tification and prediction of patients at moderate and high cardiovascular risk in RA patients.Methods:Eighty-four RA patients hospitalized to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the second hospital of Lanzhou University in Gansu Province were selected as the study subjects, and 34 healthy people were selected as the controls. All RA patients were divided into low cardiovascular risk groups and medium and high cardiovascular risk groups according to prediction for ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR) cardiovascular risk assessment. At the same time, they were tested for serological indicators at admission. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)) 26.0 software was used for the statistical data analysis. T-test and nonparametric test were used for comparison of the measurement data. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for the comparison of classified data. Variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included into the Logistic regression model. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the number of patients with medium and high cardiovascular risk in RA[8 cases (23.5)% and 38 cases (45.2)%, χ2=4.80, P=0.029] was significantly higher and was negatively correlated with serum CD36 ( r=-0.27, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age [ OR(95% CI)=1.654(1.157, 2.365), P=0.006] and diastolic blood pressure [ OR(95% CI)=1.225(1.040, 1.442) , P=0.015] were independent risk factors for medium and high cardiovascular risk in RA patients, and serum CD36 level [ OR(95% CI)=0.569(0.352, 0.922) , P=0.022] was the protective factor of medium and high cardiovascular risk in RA patients according to the results of Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.691, the cut-off value was 4.27 pg/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 41.0% respectively. Conclusion:The serum CD36 level decreases with the increase of cardiovascular risk in RA patients. A higher serum CD36 level is a protective factor of cardiovascular risk in RA patients, and CD36 has a certain predictive value for cardiovascular risk in RA patients and is a potential predictor.

Objective To analyze the hospitalization cost and its influencing factors of imported malaria patients in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, so as to provide insights into the evaluation of the economic burden due to imported malaria, and the guiding of malaria control and the rational allocation of medical resources. Methods The data pertaining to the hospitalization costs of imported malaria patients admitted to Shanglin County People’s Hospital in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region during the period from January 1 through December 31, 2019, and Tengchong Municipal People’s Hospital in Yunnan Province from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2019, were collected, and the epidemiological data of these imported malaria patients were extracted from the Information Management System for Parasitic Diseases Control and Prevention, China. The composition of the hospitalization expenses was analyzed using a descriptive method. In addition, the factors affecting the hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients were identified using a univariate analysis and a recursive system model. Results A total of 206 imported malaria patients were included in this study, including 194 men (94.17%) and 12 women (5.83%). The mean length of hospital stay was 5.00 days per patient and the median hospitalization expenses were 2 813.07 Yuan per time, in which the expenses for laboratory examinations were the highest (45.31%, 1 274.62/2 813.07). Univariate analysis showed that hospital (z = 5.43, P < 0.01), type of malaria (χ² = 34.86, P < 0.01) and type of payment (χ² = 7.72, P < 0.05) were factors affecting the hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients. Recursion system modeling revealed that the total effects on hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients included length of hospital stay (0.78), selection of hospital (0.34), basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents (0.19), new rural cooperative medical care (0.17), Plasmodium falciparum malaria (0.15), gender (0.11) and P. vivax malaria (0.09). Conclusions The hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients are affected by multiple factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and Yunnan Province, in which the length of hospital stay is the most predominant influencing factor. A reduction in the length of hospital stay is effective to decrease the hospitalization expenses of imported malaria patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced permeability and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods:HUVECs were treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS, control group), 1 μg/mL LPS (LPS group), and LPS combined with 1 mmol/L 1-MT (1-MT group). The expression levels of the p120 concatemer (p120ctn), vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin, caspase-3, and DNA repair enzyme polyadenylate ribose polymerase-1 (PARP) after incubation at 8 h were detected using Western blot. The concentrations of kynurenine (Kyn) after incubation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and indoleamine2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity was calculated. Comparisons among groups were performed using the LSD- t test. Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of caspase-3 [(74.01±7.91)% vs (157.14±7.63)%, P<0.01] and the concentration of Kyn were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of p120ctn [(49.12±2.15)% vs (37.61±1.80)%, P<0.01], VE-cadherin [(107.70±7.01)% vs (90.66±2.58)%, P=0.027], and PARP-1 [(67.95± 3.08)% vs (57.93±5.26)%, P=0.038] were significantly down-regulated, and IDO activity was significantly increased in the LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the expression of caspase-3 [(157.14±7.63)% vs (110.74±7.89)%, P<0.01] was significantly down-regulated, while the expression of p120ctn [(37.61±1.80)% vs (47.19±0.82)%, P<0.01], VE-cadherin [(90.66±2.58)% vs (107.27±9.89)%, P=0.029], and PARP-1 [(57.93±5.26)% vs (74.12±4.90)%, P=0.005] were significantly up-regulated, and the activity of IDO was significantly decreased over time in the 1-MT group ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the PBS and 1-MT groups in the protein levels of p120ctn, VE-cadherin, and PARP-1 protein as well as Kyn concentration and IDO activity ( P>0.05), while the expression of caspase-3 was increased in 1-MT group ( P=0.001). Conclusions:LPS aggravates the permeability of HUVECs, which can be reversed by 1-MT via inhibiting IDO activity and reducing Kyn concentrations. Moreover, 1-MT can also reduce apoptosis, which may be via increasing the expression of PARP-1 and reducing the expression of caspase-3, thus protecting endothelial cells.

Purpose: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new class of RNA molecules whose function is largely unknown. There is a growing evidence that circRNAs play an important regulatory role in the progression of a variety of human cancers. However, the exact roles and the mechanisms of circRNAs in gastric cancer are not clear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of hsa_circ_0005556. Materials and Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of hsa_circ_0005556, miR-4270, and matrix metalloproteinase-19 (MMP19) in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer cells was silenced by lentivirus, and cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and tumorigenesis in nude mice were assessed to evaluate the function of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer. Results: The expression of hsa_circ_0005556 in gastric cancer tissues and gastric cancer cell lines was higher compared to normal controls. In vitro, the downregulation of hsa_ circ_0005556 significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells. In vivo, the downregulation of hsa_circ_0005556 suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusions Our study shows that the hsa_circ_0005556/miR-4270/MMP19 axis is involved in proliferation, migration, and invasion of gastric cancer cells through the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism.

Objective To detect the levels of procalcitonin in multiple genes autoinflammatory disease (adult Still disease,systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis,crohn's Crohn's disease),and to explore the relationship between erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),ESR/CRP and disease or complicated infection combined disease.Methods One hundred and fifty-three patients were en-rolled,88 patients with multiple genes autoinflammatory disease,including 32 cases of adult Still disease,27 cases of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis,29 cases of Crohn's disease.In addition,30 cases of healthy controls,35 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were included into this study.Electroche-miluminescence was used to test the value of serum PCT,erythrocyte sedimentation rate was tested by blood sedimentation instrument method,the CRP level was tested by lmmunoturbidimetry,and the data was handed managed and analysised by matlab software and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the differences of PCTs between groups.Results ① In the non-infection condition,the PCT value of the autoimmune inflammatory diseases [(0.36±0.74) μg/L,95％confidence interval (CI) (0.174 9,0.550 9) μg/L)] was signifieantly higher than that of the healthy control group [(0.06±0.06) μg/L,95％CI (0.035 1,0.081 7 μg/L)],the difference was statistically significant (F=5.03,P=0.027 4),but there was no statistically significant (F=1.03,P=0.475 5) when comparing with SLE group.② The PCT level of the non-infected inflammatory enteric arthritis [(0.20±0.32),95％CI(0.042 7,0.364 3) μg/L] was different compared with the healthy group,the difference was statistically significant (F=5.77,P=0.020 4),at the same time,the difference was not statistically significant when comparing with the SLE group (F=0.22,P=0.647 6).When the PCT value in non-infected adults Still disease [(0.60±1.02) 95％CI(0.048 4,1.153 6) μg/L] compared with the healthy group,the difference was statistically significant (F=7.22,P=0.01) but the difference was not statistically different when compared with the SLE group (F=2.65,P=0.114 3).The PCT level difference was statistically significant (F=2.23,P＜0.01)when comparing infection-free juvenile idiopathic arthritis [(1.52±2.02) μg/L,95％CI(0.054 8,4.591 9) μg/L] and the healthy group,the difference was statistically significantly different (F=8.34,P=0.004 7) when compared with the PCT of the non-infected SLE group.③ In the case of autoinflammatory diseases without infection,the 95％CI of ESR/CRP ratio was between 1.121 2 and 3.589 4.In the case of co-infection,the 95％ CI of ESR/CRP ratio was between 1.502 2 and 8.718 8,so we considered autoimmune inflammatory diseases might had a high possibility of co-infection when the ESR/CRP ratio was higher than 3.5.Conclusion ① The multiple genes autoinflammatory disease group has a higher value of PCT level than healthy controls even without infection.② The mean and 95％CI range of PCT of the inflammatory bowel disease arthritis,adult Still disease and the juvenile id-iopathic arthritis is significantly higher than the healthy controls,partially higher than SLE group.In addition,the PCT level in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis is the highest.③ In clinical,to estimate whether the multiple genes autoinflammatory disease has bacterial infection,we can't just simply rely on PCT to estimate whether the multiple genes autoinflammatory disease has bacterial infection,we may consider the ratio of the ESR/CRP,when the value is higher than 3.5,we may consider patients has strong probability with infection.