OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the protective effect of Schistosoma japonicum cystatin (rSj-Cystatin) in a mouse mode of "two-hit" sepsis. METHODS: Sixty male C57BL/6 mice randomized equally into sham-operated group, protein group, "two-hit" modeling group, and protein intervention group. In the former two groups, the mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL PBS followed by exposure of the cecum and then by intraperitoneal injection of 100 μL PBS or 25 μg rSj-Cystatin 30 min later; In the latter two groups, 100 μL PBS containing LPS (5 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 24 h before cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), and 100 μL PBS or 25 μg rSj-Cystatin were injected 30 min after CLP. At 12 h after rSj-Cystatin treatment, 6 mice from each group were sacrificed for detection of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, iNOS and Arg-1 in the serum, spleen, liver, lung and kidney tissues using ELISA, for examinations of liver, lung and kidney pathologies with HE staining, and for analysis of CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cell percentage in the spleen using flow cytometry. The remaining mice were observed for general condition and 72-h survival. RESULTS: The 72-h survival rates in the 4 groups were 100%, 100%, 0% and 20%, respectively, showing significant differences between the latter two groups. The mouse models of "two-hit" sepsis exhibited obvious tissue pathologies and significant elevations of TNF-α and IL-6 in both the serum and tissue homogenate, which were significantly ameliorated by rSj-Cystatin treatment. Treatment with rSj-Cystatin also increased IL-10 and TGF-β levels and spleen CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ T cell percentage. The septic mouse models also showed increased iNOS levels in all the detected tissues and a decreased Arg-1 level in the kidney, and these changes were obviously improved by rSj-Cystatin treatment. CONCLUSIONS rSj-Cystatin has a protective effect against "two-hit" sepsis in mice by regulating the inflammatory microenvironment.
Animals ; Mice ; Sepsis/drug therapy* ; Male ; Schistosoma japonicum/chemistry* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cystatins/therapeutic use* ; Interleukin-10/metabolism* ; Interleukin-6/blood* ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism*

Objective:To discuss the optimal doping concentration of vanadium(V)and silicon(Si)co-doped TiO? coating(V-Si TiO?)formed on titanium surface by electrochemical treatment,to evaluate its antibacterial effect under visible light irradiation,and to clarify its visible light response mechanism.Methods:The medical pure titanium sheets were subjected to micro-arc oxidation followed by high-temperature calcination,and V-Si TiO2 coatings with different doping concentrations were prepared by adjusting the ratio of V to Si in the electrolyte.The experiment was divided into 1V:10Si(V5Si50)group,2V:10Si(V10Si50)group,and 3V:10Si(V15Si50)group;control group was set up(contains only bacterial culture medium).The optimal doping concentration was screened based on comprehensive evaluation of surface morphology,ion release,photocatalytic ability,and biocompatibility;cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)method was used to detect the proliferation activities and the survival rates of the cells in various group.Subsequently,the optimized coating was characterized and compared by scanning electron microscope(SEM),atomic force microscopy(AFM),digital eddy current coating thickness gauge,X-ray diffraction(XRD),X-ray photoelectron spectroscope(XPS),and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy(UV-vis).The experiment was divided into PT group(blank control),PEO group(no element doping),V10 group(V doping),Si50 group(Si doping),and V10Si50 group(2V:10Si).The ability of the coating materials to degrade methylene blue(MB)and generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)under visible light were detected.For antibacterial experiments,Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)were used.The colony counts on plates in various groups were recorded after visible light irradiation for 2 h and dark treatment for 2 h,respectively.The ROS levels were detected using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)ROS probe.ROS scavenging experiment was performed using the optimal doping concentration V10Si50 group,and the two kinds of bacteria were divided into blank control group,N-acetylcysteine(NAC)group,V10Si50 group,and NAC+V10Si50 group.The colony counts on plates in various groups were recorded after visible light irradiation for 2 h.Results:The V concentration of 0.01 mol·L?1 and Si concentration of 0.05 mol·L?1 in the electrolyte solution were the optimal doping concentrations for the V-Si TiO? coating.The SEM observation results showed that compared with V5Si50 group and V15Si50 group,the surface pore size of the coating material in V10Si50 group was significantly decreased(P<0.05),and the coating thickness was significantly increased(P<0.05);its crystal structure was mainly anatase type,and the MB degradation rate of the coating material in V10Si50 group after 9 h of visible light catalysis was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with control group,the cell proliferation activity and cell survival rate in V10Si50 group were significantly increased at 1,2,and 4 d of cell culture(P<0.05);at 2 and 4 d of cell culture,the cell proliferation activity and cell survival rate in V5Si50 group and V15Si50 group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with PT,PEO,and Si50 groups,the colony counts of two kinds of the bacteria in V10 group and V10Si50 group after visible light irradiation for 2 h were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Compared with PT group and PEO group,the ROS levels in two kinds of the bacteria in V10Si50 group after 2 h of irradiation were significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with V10Si50 group,the colony counts of two kinds of the bacteria in NAC+V10Si50 group were significantly increased(P<0.05).Conclusion:A reasonably loaded V-Si TiO? coating material(V10Si50)was screened out,which maintained good biological activity and significantly enhanced the antibacterial effect under visible light irradiation.

【Objective】 To evaluate the clinical implications of ARL5B in esophageal cancer and its underlying mechanisms by using bioinformatics methods. 【Methods】 ARL5B transcriptomic expression data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), R software was employed to detect the differential expression mRNAs, and related clinical information was collected for survival analysis. To validate the bioinformatics results, Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were carried out for clinical specimens of esophageal cancer tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the expression of ARL5B and its associated clinicopathologic features. The underlying mechanisms of ARL5B in esophageal cancer were preliminarily explored by bioinformatics and qRT-PCR. 【Results】 Bioinformatics method showed that the expression of ARL5B in human esophageal cancer tissues was significantly higher than in adjacent tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. Clinical specimens were detected, the expressions of ARL5B mRNA and protein were the highest in metastases lymph node, followed by esophageal cancer tissues and adjacent tissues, which corresponded with bioinformatics results. The expression of ARL5B was strongly correlated with lymph node metastases and advanced clinical stage. Kaplan-Meier analysis results denoted high ARL5B level, indicating poor prognosis. Enrichment analysis showed that ARL5B was associated the biological processes such as vacuolar transport, late endosome to lysosome transport, and organelle localization. Protein-protein interaction analysis (PPI) suggested that ARL5B might interact with VPS16, KIF1A and TOM1, whose expressions were verified by qRT-PCR and positively correlated with ARL5B expression. 【Conclusion】 ARL5B was highly expressed in esophageal cancer and associated with lymph node metastases, advanced clinical stage, and poor prognosis. ARL5B may be involved in the progression of esophageal cancer with several molecular mechanisms.

Objective:To analyze the status quo, hotspots and fronts of emergency nursing training research at home and abroad in the past ten years, and to provide reference and ideas for the efficient development of emergency nursing training in China.Methods:CiteSpace 6.2.R2 software was used to visually analyze the Chinese and English literatures on emergency nursing training included in CNKI and Web of Science core databases from January 1, 2013 to June 1, 2023.Results:A total of 1 177 Chinese literatures and 1 163 English literatures were included. The number of foreign articles in this field increased year by year, while the number of domestic articles showed a downward trend since 2018. There were many stable core author groups and core institution groups in foreign countries, while there was less cooperation among domestic authors and institutions. The common research hotspots and frontiers at home and abroad focused on broadening the training audience of emergency nursing, innovating the training methods of emergency nursing, strengthening the evaluation of the effect of emergency nursing training, and paying attention to the training experience and needs of nurses. Foreign researches also focused on specialized nurses, interprofessional education and nurses′mental health, etc, and the research direction was diversified.Conclusions:The development stages of emergency nursing training researches at home and abroad are different, and the research hotspots are different. In the future, we should learn from foreign research, strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation, improve the depth and breadth of research, and strengthen the cooperation between authors, institutions and countries to promote the high-quality development of emergency nursing training research in China.

AIM To study the flavonoids from the leaves of Cinnamomum camphora(L.)Presl.and their antioxidant activities.METHODS The 95％ethanol extraction from the leaves of C.camphora was isolated and purified by liquid-liquid extraction,macroporous adsorption resin chromatography,HW-40C gel column chromatography,molecular exclusion chromatography and preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.The antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH method.RESULT Ten flavonoids were isolated and identified as(2R,3S)-7-methoxy-5-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-afzelechin(1),quercetin-3-O-sambubioside(2),quercetin-3-O-β-D-apiosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucoside(3),quercetin-3-O-robibioside(4),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside(5),kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside-7-O-β-D-glucoside(6),5,3'-di-O-methyl-epicatechin(7)、cinchonain Ⅱb(8)、quercetin-3,4'-di-O-β-D-glucoside(9)、(-)-epicatechin(10).The IC50 value of compound 8 scavenging DPPH free radical was 4.8 μg/mL.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new compound,and compound 2-6 are obtained from Cinnamomum genus for the first time,compound 7-9 are first isolated from this plant.Compound 8 shows good antioxidant activities..

Mass spectrometry imaging(MSI)is an emerging high-tech"photography"method combining mass spectrometry and image visualization technologies,which can simultaneously monitor the spatial distribution of multiple molecules in biological samples.In recent years,the characteristics of this tech-nology have been used to visually study the distribution of drugs in hair,among which matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry imaging(MALDI-MSI)technology has been most widely applied in hair analysis.Based on the principle of MALDI-MSI technology,this paper discusses the key technical elements of MALDI-MSI technology applied to hair analysis and reviews the research achievements of MSI in hair analysis.It concludes that improving the ionization efficiency,resolution,sensitivity and stability of MALDI-MSI technology remains the future exploration direction,and simpli-fying data analysis and establishing databases will help promote MALDI-MSI as a routine analytical technique for hair analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To establish an LC-MS/MS method based on single hair micro-segmental technique, and verify the detection of 42 psychoactive substances in 0.4 mm hair segments. METHODS: Each piece of single hair was cut into 0.4 mm segments and extracted by sonication and the segments were immersed in dithiothreitol-containing extraction medium. Mobile phase A was the aqueous solution containing 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate, 0.1% formic acid, and 5% acetonitrile. Mobile phase B was acetonitrile. An electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used for data acquisition in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. RESULTS: The 42 psychoactive substances in hair had a good linear relationship within their respective linear ranges (r>0.99), the limits of detection were 0.2-10 pg/mm, the limits of quantification were 0.5-20 pg/mm, the intra-day and inter-day precisions were 1.5%-12.7%, the intra-day and inter-day accuracies were 86.5%-109.2%, the recovery rates were 68.1%-98.2%, and the matrix effects were 71.3%-111.7%. The method was applied to hair samples collected from one volunteer at 28 d after a single dose of zolpidem, with zolpidem detected in 5 hairs was 1.08-1.60 cm near the root tip, and the concentration range was 0.62-20.5 pg/mm. CONCLUSIONS The micro-segmental technique of single hair analysis can be applied to the investigation of drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.
Humans ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Zolpidem ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Hair ; Acetonitriles ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Nasal spray can treat local diseases such as rhinitis, it also plays an important role in the treatment of systemic diseases including vaccine immunity. As a drug-device combination product, spray pattern is often used as the quality indicator of nasal spray to ensure its quality, plume geometry can not only be combined with the spray pattern to evaluate the performance of the nasal spray, but also can predict the deposition of the nasal spray in the nasal cavity. This article systematically reviews the definition and measurement methods of the spray pattern and plume geometry of nasal spray and their correlation with nasal deposition behavior. The measurement parameters of spray pattern and plume geometry are defined. The influence of formulation, device and trigger parameters on spray pattern and plume geometry is clarified. The correlation between various parameters and nasal deposition is analyzed. The measurement parameters are classified according to the size and shape of the spray. Plume angle is closely related to the deposition of drugs in the nasal cavity. Jet-like plume with a smaller plume angle can increase the navigation ability of the nasal spray in the curved anatomical structure of the nasal cavity, which is conducive to increase drug deposition. This makes it possible to increase deposition of the nasal spray in the nasal cavity via appropriately increasing viscosity and thixotropy of the nasal spray formulation. This review provides the theoretical basis for the high quality nasal spray product development.

Objective:To explore the expression and predictive value of serum CD36 level in cardio-vascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical iden-tification and prediction of patients at moderate and high cardiovascular risk in RA patients.Methods:Eighty-four RA patients hospitalized to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology of the second hospital of Lanzhou University in Gansu Province were selected as the study subjects, and 34 healthy people were selected as the controls. All RA patients were divided into low cardiovascular risk groups and medium and high cardiovascular risk groups according to prediction for ASCVD risk in China (China-PAR) cardiovascular risk assessment. At the same time, they were tested for serological indicators at admission. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS)) 26.0 software was used for the statistical data analysis. T-test and nonparametric test were used for comparison of the measurement data. The Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used for the comparison of classified data. Variables with P<0.05 in univariate analysis were included into the Logistic regression model. Results:Compared with the healthy control group, the number of patients with medium and high cardiovascular risk in RA[8 cases (23.5)% and 38 cases (45.2)%, χ2=4.80, P=0.029] was significantly higher and was negatively correlated with serum CD36 ( r=-0.27, P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age [ OR(95% CI)=1.654(1.157, 2.365), P=0.006] and diastolic blood pressure [ OR(95% CI)=1.225(1.040, 1.442) , P=0.015] were independent risk factors for medium and high cardiovascular risk in RA patients, and serum CD36 level [ OR(95% CI)=0.569(0.352, 0.922) , P=0.022] was the protective factor of medium and high cardiovascular risk in RA patients according to the results of Logistic regression analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) was 0.691, the cut-off value was 4.27 pg/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.7% and 41.0% respectively. Conclusion:The serum CD36 level decreases with the increase of cardiovascular risk in RA patients. A higher serum CD36 level is a protective factor of cardiovascular risk in RA patients, and CD36 has a certain predictive value for cardiovascular risk in RA patients and is a potential predictor.

Objective:To explore the effect of 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced permeability and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).Methods:HUVECs were treated with phosphate buffer saline (PBS, control group), 1 μg/mL LPS (LPS group), and LPS combined with 1 mmol/L 1-MT (1-MT group). The expression levels of the p120 concatemer (p120ctn), vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin, caspase-3, and DNA repair enzyme polyadenylate ribose polymerase-1 (PARP) after incubation at 8 h were detected using Western blot. The concentrations of kynurenine (Kyn) after incubation at 2, 4, 6, and 8 h were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and indoleamine2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity was calculated. Comparisons among groups were performed using the LSD- t test. Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of caspase-3 [(74.01±7.91)% vs (157.14±7.63)%, P<0.01] and the concentration of Kyn were significantly up-regulated, while the expression of p120ctn [(49.12±2.15)% vs (37.61±1.80)%, P<0.01], VE-cadherin [(107.70±7.01)% vs (90.66±2.58)%, P=0.027], and PARP-1 [(67.95± 3.08)% vs (57.93±5.26)%, P=0.038] were significantly down-regulated, and IDO activity was significantly increased in the LPS group ( P<0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the expression of caspase-3 [(157.14±7.63)% vs (110.74±7.89)%, P<0.01] was significantly down-regulated, while the expression of p120ctn [(37.61±1.80)% vs (47.19±0.82)%, P<0.01], VE-cadherin [(90.66±2.58)% vs (107.27±9.89)%, P=0.029], and PARP-1 [(57.93±5.26)% vs (74.12±4.90)%, P=0.005] were significantly up-regulated, and the activity of IDO was significantly decreased over time in the 1-MT group ( P<0.05). No significant differences were observed between the PBS and 1-MT groups in the protein levels of p120ctn, VE-cadherin, and PARP-1 protein as well as Kyn concentration and IDO activity ( P>0.05), while the expression of caspase-3 was increased in 1-MT group ( P=0.001). Conclusions:LPS aggravates the permeability of HUVECs, which can be reversed by 1-MT via inhibiting IDO activity and reducing Kyn concentrations. Moreover, 1-MT can also reduce apoptosis, which may be via increasing the expression of PARP-1 and reducing the expression of caspase-3, thus protecting endothelial cells.