Background: Since December 2019, SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has caused worldwide panic and is now a serious problem. As the situation worsens, the need for an official cure becomes more crucial and different methods are being considered for treating infected COVID-19 patients. Objectives: This study aimed to emphasize and further elaborate on the existing and possible treatment methods against COVID-19 and assess the awareness of healthcare professionals (doctors, medical technologists, and nurses) on the treatments for COVID-19. Methodology: The study utilized an exploratory sequential mixed methods design following the treatment and misinformation theories models. The respondents were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and recruited through the snowball sampling technique. The study used an adapted survey questionnaire on the pathophysiology of COVID-19 and possible treatment options. Descriptive statistical analysis for quantitative data and open thematic coding is used in an online qualitative deductive data analysis. Results: Based on the data, webinars, lectures, and discussions were the primary source of information among healthcare professionals. Most of the respondents showed proficiency with remdesivir among investigational selective medicines. Chloroquine was the top choice among selected repurposed drugs. They were aware of the convalescent plasma therapy that uses antibodies from the blood plasma of recovered COVID-19 patients. They were not aware of the different herbal treatments used to treat COVID-19. Conclusion Hence, chloroquine (repurposed drug), remdesivir (investigational drug), and convalescent plasma (adjunctive therapy) are the most well-known treatments for COVID-19. Most of the respondents were aware of the action and side effects of chloroquine, remdesevir, and convalescent plasma therapy.
COVID-19 ; Drugs, Investigational ; Herbal

OBJECTIVETo review the experimental drugs for the treatment of autoimmune myocarditis.

DATA SOURCESThe literatures published in English about different kinds of experimental drugs based on different therapeutic mechanisms for the treatment of autoimmune myocarditis were obtained from PubMed from 2002 to 2013.

STUDY SELECTIONOriginal articles regarding the experimental drugs for treatment of autoimmune myocarditis were selected.

RESULTSThis study summarized the effects of the experimental drugs for the treatment of autoimmune myocarditis, such as immunomodulators and immunosuppressants, antibiotics, Chinese medicinal herbs, cardiovascular diseases treatment drugs, etc. These drugs can significantly attenuate autoimmune myocarditis-induced inflammation and fibrosis, alleviate autoimmune myocarditis-triggered overt lymphocyte proliferation, and meanwhile reduce Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) and increase Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10).

CONCLUSIONThis study summarized recent advances in autoimmune myocarditis treatment and further proposes that traditional Chinese medicine and immune regulators will play important roles in the future.

Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Investigational ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocarditis ; drug therapy ; Therapies, Investigational ; trends

Weight loss via lifestyle modification remains the most efficient treatment for NAFLD. Weight loss and exercise are the cornerstones of therapy, but achieving long-term lifestyle modification is not free from difficulties. Pharmacologic therapy should be considered for patients with NAFLD unable to achieve or maintain lifestyle-induced weight loss. Unfortunately, there is no approved drug for NAFLD currently. Current treatment methods for NAFLD can be divided roughly into those methods that target components of metabolic syndrome using weight reduction and insulin sensitizers (pioglitazone) and those that use antioxidants (Vitamin E) to benefit the liver. Pioglitazone has been shown to improve steatosis, hepatocellular ballooning, and inflammation and also to reduce the risk of fibrosis progression in several randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). In a large RCT, large doses of vitamin E improved all histological lesions except for fibrosis. Compared with a placebo, Metformin lowered ALT, but did not improve liver histology. Recently, novel anti-diabetic agents (GLP-1 analogues, DPP IV inhibitors) and probiotics that alter the gut microbiome were shown to mildly benefit ALT and liver histology. In this report, we systemically review current pharmacologic therapies and other promising agents that were not considered in the most recent guidelines for the treatment of NAFLD.
Antioxidants ; Drugs, Investigational ; Fatty Liver* ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Insulin ; Life Style ; Liver ; Metformin ; Microbiota ; Probiotics ; Vitamin E ; Vitamins ; Weight Loss

Drugs, Investigational ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; drug therapy ; United States

This paper discussed the management regulations and technical requirements of clinical investigational product for new drug of traditional Chinese medicine, analyzed some common problems on the management of them, and proposed the establishment of closed-loop management model and management requirements in various aspects.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; standards ; Drug Therapy ; Drug and Narcotic Control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Investigational ; standards ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medication Therapy Management ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Application of fresh herbs is a kind of special forms of traditional Chinese medicine. In China, there is a long and rich experience in clinical application of fresh herbs. Many studies showed that the efficacy of fresh herbs was better than that of dried herbs, but the further study about the difference of their chemical composition, effective components and the overall material basis were few. In this paper, the ideas and methods to study on material basis of the fresh herbs by comparing the difference of the fresh and dry herbs in medicine chemical composition and pharmacological activity of effective components with modern advanced separation, analysis and screening technology under the "Constituent structure theory" were proposed. It was an effectual method for studying on the reasonable development of Chinese medicine and fresh herbs resources.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; trends ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; chemistry ; Investigational New Drug Application ; methods ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; Research ; trends

Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Drug Design ; Drugs, Investigational ; Humans ; Research Design

Child ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; ethics ; Drugs, Investigational ; Humans

Recently, infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria continue to climb in the community and the hospital around the world. Our current antimicrobial agents are gradually becoming ineffective and a new pipeline of powerful compounds is needed urgently. A number of new antimicrobial compounds are in development, including novel glycopeptides (dalbavancin, telavancin, and oritavancin), daptomycin, tigecycline, ceftobiprole, iclaprim, and doripenem. The article will provide an update on the newly marketed and potentially effective antibacterial agents in the late-stage development pipeline
Aminoglycosides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Bacteria ; Carbapenems ; Cephalosporins ; Daptomycin ; Drug Resistance ; Drugs, Investigational ; Glycopeptides ; Minocycline ; Pyrimidines ; Trastuzumab

The thinking of research on developing Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) has turned from the traditional exploration for active ingredients to develop microcosmic compound drug based on TCM and/or modern medical theories, which leads to the emerge of combination of effective components (CEC), a new pattern of developing modern Chinese herbal medicine. Meanwhile its researching targets and methods, including objectivization of treated diseases, optimization of compatibility proportion, standardization of component types, definition of synergistic and antagonistic effects, and minimization of toxic and side effects, have also been renewed. The existent problems in need of improvement were put forward on the basis of current researching situation of CEC pattern in order to construct new drugs, enrich the theoretical connotation of TCM and promote the process of TCM modernization.
Drug Combinations ; Drug Synergism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Drugs, Investigational ; adverse effects ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; methods ; Research Design