Hepatitis D virus （HDV）， as a defective virus， relies on the envelope protein of hepatitis B virus （HBV） to complete replication and transmission. Chronic hepatitis B （CHB） patients comorbid with HDV infection may experience significant acceleration of liver disease progression and a significantly higher risk of serious complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） compared with the patients with CHB alone， which poses a serious threat to the life and health of patients. At present， the coverage rate of HDV screening needs to be improved， and some patients with HBV/HDV co-infection have not been found in time. Therefore， strengthening the understanding of HDV among clinicians， expanding the scope of HDV screening， identifying patients with infection in a timely manner， and performing standardized antiviral therapy and long-term follow-up management are of great significance for improving the prognosis of patients， reducing disease burden， improving the quality of life of patients， and achieving the global goal of “eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030”.

Practice-oriented education is an important link in cultivating qualified builders and reliable successors of socialism， and it is particularly important for cultivating high-quality talents in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Practice-oriented education is a vital part in improving college students’ ideological and political literacy， an important measure for TCM colleges and universities to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM culture， and a significant pathway to cultivate high-quality TCM talents. The prominent issues of practice-oriented education in TCM colleges and universities are that the small ideological and political classroom is not closely integrated with the large classroom of society， the characteristics of TCM culture are not highlighted， and the current situation of practice-based construction does not match the needs of talent cultivation. Based on systematic thinking， the construction of a collaborative education of TCM culture and red culture should start from the following four aspects： cultural integration-cultivating ideological and political education and ideological and political theory courses of TCM culture； medical and educational collaboration-leveraging the synergistic educational effect of clinical practice； practice reinforcement-integrating the small classroom of ideological and political education into the big classroom of society； and “double innovation” promotion-creating an educational environment for innovation and entrepreneurship of TCM.

BACKGROUND:At present,there is a main kind of operation,which is represented by the proximal femoral nail antirotation,to treat femoral intertrochanteric fractures,but some sequelae still occur such as internal fixation loosening,failure,and nail withdrawal.We designed a new femoral neck spiral blade system to solve this problem,so we analyze the mechanical structure by the finite element method that can be regard as the theoretical basis for the system.OBJECTIVE:To compare the mechanical properties of the new femoral neck spiral blade system and the proximal femoral nail antirotation in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fracture by the finite element method.METHODS:Based on the finite element model of the femur,the A1.2 and A2.2 femoral intertrochanteric fracture models were established according to the AO fracture classification principle of 2018 edition.The models were fixed with the proximal femoral nail antirotation and the new internal fixation system,applying an axial load of 700,1 400,and 2 100 N above the femoral head.The mechanical characteristics of the two internal fixation methods were respectively compared and analyzed by observing the maximum equivalent stress and the maximum deformation of each group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The maximum equivalent stress of the new internal fixation group under different compressive loads was smaller than that of the proximal femoral nail antirotation group.(2)In the A1.2 fracture model,under different compression loads,the deformation of the new internal fixation system was smaller than that of the proximal femoral nail antirotation group,and the average value of difference between the two was 1.113 mm;the result of the A2.2 type fracture model was the same as that in the A1.1 with an average value of difference of 2.017 mm between the two.(3)In the A1.2 fracture model,under different compressive loads,the maximum deformation of the spiral blade fixed by the new internal fixation system was smaller than that of the proximal femoral nail antirotation group,and the average value of difference between the two was 1.062 mm;the result of the A2.2 type fracture model was the same as that in the A1.1 with an average value of difference of 1.891 mm between the two.(4)The results indicate that the new femoral neck spiral blade system has a lower internal fixation stress value compared to the proximal femoral nail antirotation,and a smaller displacement value of the femur after fixation and internal fixation.It can more effectively fix fractures and prevent the spiral blade from retracting or cutting out in the femoral neck.

Objective:To evaluate the role and molecular mechanism of laminin β1(LAMB1)in cortical neurons in regulation of glutamate receptors.Methods:Recombinant lentivirus(LV-shLamb1)-mediated knockdown of LAMB1 expression in mouse primary cortical neurons was performed,followed by immunofluorescence staining and Western blot to detect changes in F-actin,glutamate receptor subtypes(AMPA receptors GluR1/GluR2,NMDA receptors NR1/NR2A),and ERK-related protein expression in cortical neurons.Results:LV-shLamb1 significantly inhibited LAMB1 expression in mouse cortical neurons.Concurrently,LV-shLamb1 markedly increased F-actin polymerization,as well as the expression of AMPA receptor subunits GluR1 and GluR2,and NMDA receptor subunits NR1 and NR2A.Further,Western blot detection showed that the phosphorylation level of ERK was significantly increased after LV-shLamb1 infec-tion.Conclusion:LAMB1 is expressed in cortical neurons.Suppression of LAMB1 expression in mouse cortical neu-rons activates the ERK pathway,which in turn promotes the polymerization of the cytoskeletal protein F-actin and the expression of glutamate receptors.This suggests that LAMB1 may regulate F-actin homeostasis and glutamate receptor levels through the ERK pathway,thereby playing a potentially important role in neuronal function.

Objectives:To explore the predictive value of residual Murray's law-based quantitative flow ratio(μQFR)on long-term vessel-oriented composite endpoints(VoCE).Methods:This retrospective study included 3 510 patients from the FAVOR Ⅲ China trial.Offline residual μQFR analysis was performed on all vessels(diameter≥2.5 mm)with 50%-90%stenotic lesions.Patients were stratified into high-,intermediate-,and low-risk groups based on residual μQFR tertiles.The primary endpoint was 3-year VoCE,defined as a composite of cardiac death related to the target vessel,target vessel-related spontaneous myocardial infarction,and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization.Results:Offline analysis was performed on 5 256 vessels from 3 510 patients.The mean residual μQFR was 0.92±0.75.The high-risk group(residual μQFR≤0.91)with 1 554 patients(1 958 vessels);the intermediate-risk group(residual μQFR 0.92-0.96)with 1 211 patients(1 906 vessels);and the low-risk group(residual μQFR>0.96)with 745 patients(1 392 vessels).Over 3-year follow-up,VoCE occurred in 227 vessels(4.3%).The 3-year VoCE incidence was significantly higher in the high-risk group compared to the intermediate-and low-risk groups(6.2%vs.4.1%vs.2.5%,log-rank P<0.001),primarily driven by ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization(5.0%vs.3.0%vs.1.6%,log-rank P<0.001).Hypertension(OR=0.83,95%CI:0.72-0.96),hypercholesterolemia(OR=0.84,95%CI:0.73-0.97),bifurcation lesions(OR=0.72,95%CI:0.63-0.83),moderate/severe calcification(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.57-0.84),and tandem lesions(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.47-0.75)were independent predictors of lower residual μQFR values.Conclusions:Lower residual μQFR is significantly associated with increased VoCE risk during the 3-year follow up period.

This study innovatively incorporates on-site teaching with the International Museum of Stomatology into the curriculum to establish an immersive and intuitive teaching mode,promoting education from both theoretical and practical dimensions.The teaching effect is comprehensively evaluated to explore the pathway to optimization.Multi-dimensional questionnaires are designed to collect feedback data from students on teaching satisfaction,knowledge mastery,professional identity,and humanistic literacy perception,fol-lowed by in-depth quantitative and qualitative analyses.The results demonstrate that this teaching mode significantly enhances literacy,playing a critical role in helping stomatological students fully understand professional knowledge and humanistic connotations while sub-stantially improving their professional identity.This teaching mode gives a direction for innovative stomatological education,holds sig-nificant importance for cultivating stomatological professionals with both clinical skills and humanistic literacy,possessing substantial potential for promotion,application,and further refinement.

This study innovatively incorporates on-site teaching with the International Museum of Stomatology into the curriculum to establish an immersive and intuitive teaching mode,promoting education from both theoretical and practical dimensions.The teaching effect is comprehensively evaluated to explore the pathway to optimization.Multi-dimensional questionnaires are designed to collect feedback data from students on teaching satisfaction,knowledge mastery,professional identity,and humanistic literacy perception,fol-lowed by in-depth quantitative and qualitative analyses.The results demonstrate that this teaching mode significantly enhances literacy,playing a critical role in helping stomatological students fully understand professional knowledge and humanistic connotations while sub-stantially improving their professional identity.This teaching mode gives a direction for innovative stomatological education,holds sig-nificant importance for cultivating stomatological professionals with both clinical skills and humanistic literacy,possessing substantial potential for promotion,application,and further refinement.

BACKGROUND:Degenerative diseases caused by bone and muscle degeneration are major reasons for the decline in physical function and mobility,increased fragility fractures,and high mortality rates in the elderly,significantly affecting their health and quality of life.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress in the mechanisms of muscle-bone interaction and the etiology,prevention,and treatment of related diseases.METHODS:CNKI,WanFang and PubMed databases were searched for relevant literature published from 2014 to 2024.The search terms were"muscle-bone crosstalk,musculoskeletal system,inter-tissue communication,myokines,osteokines,osteosarcopenia,sarcopenia,osteoporosis,bone regeneration,fibro-adipogenic progenitors"in Chinese and English.By reading the articles,we eliminated irrelevant,outdated,and poorly focused literature,and finally 94 articles were included for review.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Mechanical interaction,secretion factor interaction,and stem cell interaction between muscle and bone are crucial for the metabolism and regeneration regulation of the musculoskeletal system.Systemic interventions targeting biochemical signals of muscle factors(such as myostatin and irisin)and bone factors(such as nuclear factor-κB receptor-activating factor ligand and sclerostin)can improve the quality and function of skeletal muscle and bone,and have positive effects on fracture healing.In recent years,it has been found that related stem cells in the musculoskeletal system can interact,with the activation of muscle progenitor cells(such as fibro-adipogenic progenitors)having a significant impact on bone growth,repair,and regeneration.Research on the mechanisms of muscle-bone interaction can provide insights into the etiology,prevention,and treatment of related diseases.However,there are currently no effective clinical treatments for muscle-bone comorbidities,with most research still at the cellular and animal experiment stage.Therefore,extensive research is needed in the future to gradually move from experiments to clinical applications,developing more targeted therapies and drugs to better serve clinical needs.

AKT,also known as Protein Kinase B(PKB),plays a critical role in cell proliferation and metabolism.There are three isoforms of AKT:AKT1,AKT2,and AKT3.The effects of these isoforms on the pluripotency and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells(mESCs)remain unclear.This study aims to explore the impact of three AKT isoform-specific knockouts on the self-renewal and differen-tiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.Using CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology,AKT isoform-spe-cific knockout cell lines were established.The phenotypic and molecular changes were analyzed through Western blotting,flow cytometry,qRT-PCR,CCK-8 assays,Alkaline Phosphatase(AP)staining,and RNA-seq.The construction of AKT isoform-specific knockout cell lines was successful.The loss of AKT1 and AKT2 inhibited the proliferation of mESCs.The knockout of any single AKT isoform did not affect the expression of pluripotency genes at both mRNA or protein levels.However,during embryoid body forma-tion,the deletion of any of the three AKT isoforms affected the mRNA expression levels of genes in all three germ layers.Transcriptome analysis showed that compared to wild-type mESCs,995,547,and 429 differentially expressed genes(|log2FC|≧1,P＜0.05)were identified inAKT1,AKT2,and AKT3 isoform-specific knockout cells,respectively.There was some overlap in the differentially expressed genes regulated by these three isoforms.In conclusion,the independent knockout of AKT isoforms does not af-fect the maintenance of pluripotency in mouse embryonic stem cells,but they are crucial for differentia-tion.The three AKT isoforms can collectively regulate gene expression while retaining their own regulato-ry specificity.This study provides a foundation for understanding the unique and overlapping roles of AKT isoforms in stem cell biology,highlighting their importance in maintaining stem cell function and differen-tiation.

The scientific research and innovation capabilities of medical students are intrinsically linked to the sustained and high-quality development of national healthcare initiatives.Cultivating outstanding medi-cal students with independent scientific capabilities and innovative consciousness is a critical component in the education and training of high-level medical professionals.Our investigation revealed that within the imperfections of the cultivating model,some faculty and students at medical schools have an insufficient understanding of scientific research and innovation and lack motivation for engaging in such activities,which hinder the progression of scientific research activities.Consequently,we initiated a teaching practice and exploratory study on the"tutorial system"aimed at fostering medical students'scientific research and innovation abilities.Based on the principle of"research informing teaching,teaching and research advan-cing together,"this study implements a"tutorial system"coordinated by tutors,supplemented by graduate and undergraduate student mentors,to cultivate innovative thinking,stimulate interest in scientific re-search,and enhance practical and research skills among medical students.Through collaborative efforts within"scientific research innovation teams,"various educational methods—including preliminary re-search,in-class and extracurricular activities,intra-group and inter-group interactions,and theoretical and practical applications—are employed to improve and strengthen the cultivation of medical students'scientif-ic research and innovation abilities.This study aims to provide valuable references for optimizing medical education management systems and enhancing the quality of medical student training.