Objective: To investigate the influencing factors of overactive bladder (OAB) in college freshmen and the impacts of OAB on their mental health, quality of life and social interaction. Methods: An epidemiological questionnaire survey was conducted in an anonymous manner on the prevalence of OAB among 5300 freshmen aged 17 to 22 years enrolled in the 2023—2024 academic year in Xinxiang Medical University and Sanquan College of Xinxiang Medical University.The questionnaire included questions on basic information, history of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, history of alcohol consumption, history of coffee/strong tea drinking, history of carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, holding urine, chronic insomnia, self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), quality of life score (QoL), and social avoidance and distress scale (SADS).The influencing factors of OAB were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression analysis.The subjects were grouped according to whether they had OAB, and the differences in SAS, QoL and SADS between the OAB group and non-OAB group were compared.The impacts of OAB on the anxiety level, quality of life, and social interaction were analyzed with multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The overall prevalence rate of OAB was 4.9% (244/5018).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the history of urinary tract infection (OR=0.177), constipation (OR=0.636), smoking (OR=0.582), alcohol consumption (OR=0.685), coffee/strong tea drinking (OR=0.387), carbonated beverage drinking (OR=0.631), redundant prepuce (OR=0.673), phimosis (OR=0.311), urine holding (OR=0.593), and chronic insomnia (OR=0.256) were influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB (P＜0.05).The OAB group had higher SAS score [(41.18±6.54) vs. (38.61±6.36)], QoL score [(3.65±1.20) vs. (2.79±0.95)], social avoidance score [(6.25±1.86) vs. (5.86±1.51)], social distress score [(6.27±1.59) vs. (5.97±1.32)], and total SADS score [(12.51±2.35) vs. (11.84±2.01)] than the non-OAB group (P＜0.05).The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that OAB could independently affect the scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS.The OAB group had higher scores of QoL, SAS, and SADS compared with the non-OAB group (P＜0.001). Conclusion: History of urinary tract infection, constipation, smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee/strong tea drinking, carbonated beverage drinking, redundant prepuce, phimosis, urine holding, and chronic insomnia are influencing factors for the occurrence of OAB in male college students.Moreover, OAB has negative impacts on their mental health, quality of life, and social interaction.

Nitrogen oxides(NOx=NO+NO2)are important precursors of ozone(O3),and NOx and its oxides together constitute reactive nitrogen oxides(NOy)in the atmosphere.A comprehensive understanding of the total NOy level in the atmosphere is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the atmospheric nitrogen cycle and oxidation,as well as for formulating strategies for air pollution prevention and control.In this work,a thermal decomposition-broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy(TD-BBCEAS)technique for online measurement of total NOy in the atmosphere was developed.With this method,the NOy was efficiently converted into NO2,and the total NOy concentration in the atmosphere was indirectly obtained by measuring NO2.Focusing on the key factors affecting the measurement of total NOy,the influence of NO titration efficiency and other NOy component TD efficiency on measurement accuracy was emphasized.By changing the oxygen(O2)flow rate through the mercury lamp to alter the O3 concentration for titrating NO,the conversion efficiency of NO was evaluated.At O2 flow rate of 6 mL/min,the conversion efficiency of NO was greater than 99%.TD efficiency testing and analysis on NO2,peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN),nitric acid(HNO3),and nitrous acid(HONO),which account for a large proportion of atmospheric NOy components,was carried out using 680℃as the optimal TD temperature for efficient conversion of NOy.With NO and HONO sample gases as typical verification gases,the conversion efficiency of NOy and the accuracy of NOy measurement by TD-BBCEAS system were verified by switching the on and off modes of mercury lamp and TD device.At integration time of 60 s,the detection limit of the system for NOy was 2.83×1010 molecules/cm3(60 s,2σ).A comparative measurement of actual atmospheric NOy was conducted between the TD-BBCEAS system and the NOy analyzer.The observation results showed a correlation coefficient(R2)of 0.98 and a slope of 0.93,further verifying the feasibility and accuracy of applying the TD-BBCEAS system to measurement of total NOy.

To report 3 cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) caused by hydroxychloroquine. All the 3 patients were females, aged 23, 30, and 28 years respectively. In cases 1 and 3, the rashes appeared 4 days and 12 days respectively after the treatment with hydroxychloroquine for systemic lupus erythematosus; case 2, who was 8 weeks pregnant, developed rashes 10 days after starting hydroxychloroquine treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome. All the 3 patients had high fever, and clinically presented with generalized round or oval-shaped edematous erythema on the face, neck, trunk and limbs, covered with a large number of pinhead-sized pustules, and with multiple erythema multiforme-like lesions on the trunk and both upper limbs, including targetoid lesions. Mutations in the IL36RN gene were identified in all the 3 patients: a homozygous mutation c.115+6T>C in the IL36RN gene was found in case 1, and her parents were heterozygous carriers; case 2 inherited the heterozygous mutation c.115+6T>C in the IL36RN gene from her mother; the heterozygous mutation c.115+6T>C found in case 3 was a de novo mutation. A diagnosis of AGEP was made in all the 3 cases. Cases 1 and 2 received subcutaneous injections of adalimumab in addition to the treatment of their underlying diseases, and skin lesions markedly regressed after 1 week of treatment; case 3 was treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, and lesions subsided after 4 weeks; no significant adverse reactions were observed in cases 1 and 2, however, femoral head necrosis was noted in case 3. During a follow-up period of 42 months, none of the patients experienced recurrence, and case 2 gave birth to a healthy baby boy after 8-month treatment.

OBJECTIVE To observe the impact of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with inter-ferons on serum amyloid A(SAA),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]and intestinal function of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea.METHODS A total of 88 children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from Mar.2020 to Dec.2023 were recruited as the research subjects and were randomly divided into the conventional group with 44 cases(conventional symptomatic therapy plus interferons)and the combination group with 44 cases(the conven-tional symptomatic therapy plus Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms),and both groups were continuously treated for 5 days.The clinical curative effect and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed and compared between the two groups.The changes of peripheral blood immune function indexes,inflammatory factors,intesti-nal function indexes,SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 were analyzed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment between the combination group and the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(Z=1.375,P=0.169).The duration of stool property back to normal,fever abatement,number of defeca-tion times back to normal,cessation of diarrhea,virus turning to be negative and disappearance of abdominal pain was shorter in the combination group than in the conventional group(P＜0.05).The immune function,inflamma-tory factors and intestinal function indexes were improved more remarkably in the combination group than in the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(P＜0.05).The levels of SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 of the combination group were respectively(3.84±0.35)pg/ml,(4.87±0.28)pg/ml and(50.63±7.14)pg/ml after the treatment for 5 days,higher than those of the conventional group.CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with interferons can effectively shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea,relieve the inflammatory reactions,improve the intestinal function and immune function,and stabilize the levels of serum SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3.

Whole Genome Sequencing(WGS)technology,leveraging its significant advantages in precise microbial identification and traceability analysis,has become a core tool in international pharmaceutical microbial quality control.The release and implementation of the Guideline 9110 for Microbial Whole Genome Sequencing Technology in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition marks the official entry of China's pharmaceutical microbial quality con-trol into the genomic era.Guideline 9110 establishes universal technical specifications for the application of WGS technology in pharmaceutical microbial quality control,covering laboratory general requirements,key technical parameters,technical workflow,major factors affecting sequencing results,method validation,and application guidance.This article focuses on the background of the standard's development and its technical rationale,provi-ding a systematic interpretation of key technical indicators,the scope of application,and essential points for techni-cal implementation.It aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical references for the industry in applying WGS technology.

OBJECTIVE To observe the impact of Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with inter-ferons on serum amyloid A(SAA),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β),25-hydroxyvitamin D3[25(OH)D3]and intestinal function of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea.METHODS A total of 88 children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University from Mar.2020 to Dec.2023 were recruited as the research subjects and were randomly divided into the conventional group with 44 cases(conventional symptomatic therapy plus interferons)and the combination group with 44 cases(the conven-tional symptomatic therapy plus Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms),and both groups were continuously treated for 5 days.The clinical curative effect and improvement of clinical symptoms were observed and compared between the two groups.The changes of peripheral blood immune function indexes,inflammatory factors,intesti-nal function indexes,SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 were analyzed.RESULTS There was no significant difference in the effective rate of treatment between the combination group and the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(Z=1.375,P=0.169).The duration of stool property back to normal,fever abatement,number of defeca-tion times back to normal,cessation of diarrhea,virus turning to be negative and disappearance of abdominal pain was shorter in the combination group than in the conventional group(P＜0.05).The immune function,inflamma-tory factors and intestinal function indexes were improved more remarkably in the combination group than in the conventional group after the treatment for 5 days(P＜0.05).The levels of SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3 of the combination group were respectively(3.84±0.35)pg/ml,(4.87±0.28)pg/ml and(50.63±7.14)pg/ml after the treatment for 5 days,higher than those of the conventional group.CONCLUSION Bifidobacterium quadruple viable organisms combined with interferons can effectively shorten the recovery time of clinical symptoms of the children with rotavirus-induced viral diarrhea,relieve the inflammatory reactions,improve the intestinal function and immune function,and stabilize the levels of serum SAA,TGF-β and 25(OH)D3.

Objective To assess the efficacy of a novel inguinal tourniquet in healthy individuals and to investigate the relationship between localized inguinal compression and femoral artery blood flow occlusion.Methods A self-controlled study was conducted.From November 9 to November 30,2024,11 volunteers were recruited at the Third Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital.Three compression methods--finger pressure,a novel groin tourniquet,and a SAM junction tourniquet(SJT)—were applied bilaterally to the inguinal region until distal blood flow signals disappeared.Each compression method was tested in 22 trials with a 5-minute interval between operations.Differences in hemostatic efficacy between bilateral inguinal regions and across compression methods were compared.Subsequently,the novel tourniquet was incrementally pressurized in 120 mmHg multiples using an integrated pressure device to analyze trends in popliteal artery blood flow velocity.Observational indicators included the internal pressure of the tourniquet pressurization device,peak systolic velocity(PSV)of popliteal artery,inguinal surface pressure magnitude,inguinal surface pressure distribution,and pain scores(assessed using a single-dimensional numerical rating scale).Results No statistically significant difference was observed in the minimum pressure required to occlude femoral artery blood flow bilaterally(P>0.05).The success rates of femoral artery blood flow occlusion at the inguinal region were 100%for the novel inguinal tourniquet,SJT,and finger pressure.The novel inguinal tourniquet induced the highest pain scores,ranging from 5 to 8.A significant reduction in PSV of popliteal artery was noted when the intra-tourniquet pressure reached 360 mmHg and 480 mmHg(P<0.05),with a 95%hemostasis efficacy observed within the range of 360-600 mmHg.No significant association was observed between the recovery of popliteal artery blood flow after limb movement and inguinal pressure distribution(P>0.05).The PSV of popliteal artery exhibited the strongest negative correlation with the average pressure within the inguinal compression area(r=-0.79,P<0.001),with a linear regression fitting line of y=69.69-0.13x(P<0.001,R2=0.58).Conclusions The novel inguinal tourniquet effectively occludes femoral artery blood flow within a pressure range of 360-600 mmHg,accompanied by moderate-to-severe pain.Its hemostatic mechanism mainly relies on increasing the mean pressure within the inguinal compression area.

To report 3 cases of acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) caused by hydroxychloroquine. All the 3 patients were females, aged 23, 30, and 28 years respectively. In cases 1 and 3, the rashes appeared 4 days and 12 days respectively after the treatment with hydroxychloroquine for systemic lupus erythematosus; case 2, who was 8 weeks pregnant, developed rashes 10 days after starting hydroxychloroquine treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome. All the 3 patients had high fever, and clinically presented with generalized round or oval-shaped edematous erythema on the face, neck, trunk and limbs, covered with a large number of pinhead-sized pustules, and with multiple erythema multiforme-like lesions on the trunk and both upper limbs, including targetoid lesions. Mutations in the IL36RN gene were identified in all the 3 patients: a homozygous mutation c.115+6T>C in the IL36RN gene was found in case 1, and her parents were heterozygous carriers; case 2 inherited the heterozygous mutation c.115+6T>C in the IL36RN gene from her mother; the heterozygous mutation c.115+6T>C found in case 3 was a de novo mutation. A diagnosis of AGEP was made in all the 3 cases. Cases 1 and 2 received subcutaneous injections of adalimumab in addition to the treatment of their underlying diseases, and skin lesions markedly regressed after 1 week of treatment; case 3 was treated with high-dose glucocorticoids, and lesions subsided after 4 weeks; no significant adverse reactions were observed in cases 1 and 2, however, femoral head necrosis was noted in case 3. During a follow-up period of 42 months, none of the patients experienced recurrence, and case 2 gave birth to a healthy baby boy after 8-month treatment.

Whole Genome Sequencing(WGS)technology,leveraging its significant advantages in precise microbial identification and traceability analysis,has become a core tool in international pharmaceutical microbial quality control.The release and implementation of the Guideline 9110 for Microbial Whole Genome Sequencing Technology in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2025 Edition marks the official entry of China's pharmaceutical microbial quality con-trol into the genomic era.Guideline 9110 establishes universal technical specifications for the application of WGS technology in pharmaceutical microbial quality control,covering laboratory general requirements,key technical parameters,technical workflow,major factors affecting sequencing results,method validation,and application guidance.This article focuses on the background of the standard's development and its technical rationale,provi-ding a systematic interpretation of key technical indicators,the scope of application,and essential points for techni-cal implementation.It aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical references for the industry in applying WGS technology.

Objective To observe the effects of line-needling method combined with distal acupoint selection on the temperature of waist and lower limb circulation in patients with Taiyang meridian type lumbar disc herniation(LDH)using infrared thermal imaging.Methods A total of 54 subjects were included,including 34 patients with Taiyang meridian type LDH and 20 healthy subjects.The patients were treated with lumbar line-needling method and distal acupuncture,leaving the needle for 30 min,once every other day,3 times a week for 4 weeks.Healthy subjects were not treated.The infrared thermal imaging of the waist and lower limbs of healthy subjects and patients before and after treatment was collected,and 4 areas(affected lumbar muscle area,thigh posterior side,popliteal cavity and calf posterior side)through which the meridians ran were selected to measure and record the body surface temperature.The difference of circulating temperature between healthy subjects and patients before and after treatment was compared and analyzed.The simplified McGill Pain Scale(SF-MPQ)score and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)score were compared before and after treatment,and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.Results LDH patients with Taiyang meridian type had abnormal temperature along the meridian in the waist and lower limbs.Compared with healthy subjects,abnormal low-temperature areas could be seen in the meridian areas of the waist and lower limbs(P<0.05).After treatment,the temperature in the meridian area increased,and the SF-MPQ score and ODI score significantly decreased(P<0.05),with a total effective rate of 97.06%(33/34).Conclusion The combination of line-needling method and distal acupoint selection can significantly improve the clinical symptoms of LDH patients with Taiyang meridian type,and has a significant adjustment effect on the changes of lumbar and lower limb meridian temperature.