Background and Objectives: Sinonasal malignant lymphoma is rare and aggressive. Its low incidence has made detailed studies on epidemiology, survival, and consensus treatment modalities a challenge, and also has limited developing standardized protocols for diagnosis and management. This study analyzes the clinical factors of patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignant lymphoma and their treatment modalities to understand therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors.Subjects and Method The medical records of patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 as sinonasal (SN) malignant lymphoma (extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma [ENKTL]/diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) in Seoul national university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total 42 patients were included in the study. Of those, 30 patients were SN-ENKTL, 12 patients were SN-DLBCL. The mean age of SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was 52.8±14.4, 60.8±12.4, respectively. The main chief complaint was nasal obstruction (54%). Approximately 75% were diagnosed as stage II (Ann-Arbor staging system) and most of the patients received multi-agent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The 3-year overall survival rate for SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was roughly 90%, 88.9%, respectively and the average of disease-free survival period was approximately 41.1 and 22.1 months, respectively, after initiation of treatment. Conclusion We found that sinonasal malignant lymphoma is highly responsive to chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Early accurate diagnosis is important as early-stage patients receiving therapy may benefit from chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Our clinical data showed that in ambiguous situations, wide excision should be considered for diagnosis.

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children under age 5 years. Approximately 20–25% of untreated children with KD and 3–5% of those treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy develop coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). The prevalence of CAAs is much higher in male than in female patients with KD, but the underlying factors contributing to susceptibility to CAAs in patients with KD remain unclear. This study aimed to identify sex-specific susceptibility loci associated with CAAs in KD patients. Methods: A sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using previously obtained GWAS data from 296 KD patients and a new replication study in an independent set of 976 KD patients by comparing KD patients without CAA (controls) and KD patients with aneurysms (internal diameter ≥5 mm) (cases). Results: Six male-specific susceptibility loci, PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ (odds ratios [ORs], 2.25–9.98; p=0.00204–1.96×10−6 ), and 2 female-specific susceptibility loci, SMAD3 (OR, 4.59; p=0.00016) and IL1RAPL1 (OR, 4.35; p=0.00026), were significantly associated with CAAs in patients with KD. In addition, the numbers of CAA risk alleles additively contributed to the development of CAAs in patients with KD. Conclusions A sex-stratified GWAS identified 6 male-specific (PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ) and 2 female-specific (SMAD3 and IL1RAPL1) CAA susceptibility loci in patients with KD.

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal malignant lymphoma is rare and aggressive. Its low incidence has made detailed studies on epidemiology, survival, and consensus treatment modalities a challenge, and also has limited developing standardized protocols for diagnosis and management. This study analyzes the clinical factors of patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignant lymphoma and their treatment modalities to understand therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors.Subjects and Method The medical records of patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 as sinonasal (SN) malignant lymphoma (extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma [ENKTL]/diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) in Seoul national university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total 42 patients were included in the study. Of those, 30 patients were SN-ENKTL, 12 patients were SN-DLBCL. The mean age of SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was 52.8±14.4, 60.8±12.4, respectively. The main chief complaint was nasal obstruction (54%). Approximately 75% were diagnosed as stage II (Ann-Arbor staging system) and most of the patients received multi-agent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The 3-year overall survival rate for SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was roughly 90%, 88.9%, respectively and the average of disease-free survival period was approximately 41.1 and 22.1 months, respectively, after initiation of treatment. Conclusion We found that sinonasal malignant lymphoma is highly responsive to chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Early accurate diagnosis is important as early-stage patients receiving therapy may benefit from chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Our clinical data showed that in ambiguous situations, wide excision should be considered for diagnosis.

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal malignant lymphoma is rare and aggressive. Its low incidence has made detailed studies on epidemiology, survival, and consensus treatment modalities a challenge, and also has limited developing standardized protocols for diagnosis and management. This study analyzes the clinical factors of patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignant lymphoma and their treatment modalities to understand therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors.Subjects and Method The medical records of patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 as sinonasal (SN) malignant lymphoma (extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma [ENKTL]/diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) in Seoul national university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total 42 patients were included in the study. Of those, 30 patients were SN-ENKTL, 12 patients were SN-DLBCL. The mean age of SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was 52.8±14.4, 60.8±12.4, respectively. The main chief complaint was nasal obstruction (54%). Approximately 75% were diagnosed as stage II (Ann-Arbor staging system) and most of the patients received multi-agent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The 3-year overall survival rate for SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was roughly 90%, 88.9%, respectively and the average of disease-free survival period was approximately 41.1 and 22.1 months, respectively, after initiation of treatment. Conclusion We found that sinonasal malignant lymphoma is highly responsive to chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Early accurate diagnosis is important as early-stage patients receiving therapy may benefit from chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Our clinical data showed that in ambiguous situations, wide excision should be considered for diagnosis.

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children under age 5 years. Approximately 20–25% of untreated children with KD and 3–5% of those treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy develop coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). The prevalence of CAAs is much higher in male than in female patients with KD, but the underlying factors contributing to susceptibility to CAAs in patients with KD remain unclear. This study aimed to identify sex-specific susceptibility loci associated with CAAs in KD patients. Methods: A sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using previously obtained GWAS data from 296 KD patients and a new replication study in an independent set of 976 KD patients by comparing KD patients without CAA (controls) and KD patients with aneurysms (internal diameter ≥5 mm) (cases). Results: Six male-specific susceptibility loci, PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ (odds ratios [ORs], 2.25–9.98; p=0.00204–1.96×10−6 ), and 2 female-specific susceptibility loci, SMAD3 (OR, 4.59; p=0.00016) and IL1RAPL1 (OR, 4.35; p=0.00026), were significantly associated with CAAs in patients with KD. In addition, the numbers of CAA risk alleles additively contributed to the development of CAAs in patients with KD. Conclusions A sex-stratified GWAS identified 6 male-specific (PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ) and 2 female-specific (SMAD3 and IL1RAPL1) CAA susceptibility loci in patients with KD.

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children under age 5 years. Approximately 20–25% of untreated children with KD and 3–5% of those treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy develop coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). The prevalence of CAAs is much higher in male than in female patients with KD, but the underlying factors contributing to susceptibility to CAAs in patients with KD remain unclear. This study aimed to identify sex-specific susceptibility loci associated with CAAs in KD patients. Methods: A sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using previously obtained GWAS data from 296 KD patients and a new replication study in an independent set of 976 KD patients by comparing KD patients without CAA (controls) and KD patients with aneurysms (internal diameter ≥5 mm) (cases). Results: Six male-specific susceptibility loci, PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ (odds ratios [ORs], 2.25–9.98; p=0.00204–1.96×10−6 ), and 2 female-specific susceptibility loci, SMAD3 (OR, 4.59; p=0.00016) and IL1RAPL1 (OR, 4.35; p=0.00026), were significantly associated with CAAs in patients with KD. In addition, the numbers of CAA risk alleles additively contributed to the development of CAAs in patients with KD. Conclusions A sex-stratified GWAS identified 6 male-specific (PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ) and 2 female-specific (SMAD3 and IL1RAPL1) CAA susceptibility loci in patients with KD.

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal malignant lymphoma is rare and aggressive. Its low incidence has made detailed studies on epidemiology, survival, and consensus treatment modalities a challenge, and also has limited developing standardized protocols for diagnosis and management. This study analyzes the clinical factors of patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignant lymphoma and their treatment modalities to understand therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors.Subjects and Method The medical records of patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 as sinonasal (SN) malignant lymphoma (extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma [ENKTL]/diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) in Seoul national university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total 42 patients were included in the study. Of those, 30 patients were SN-ENKTL, 12 patients were SN-DLBCL. The mean age of SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was 52.8±14.4, 60.8±12.4, respectively. The main chief complaint was nasal obstruction (54%). Approximately 75% were diagnosed as stage II (Ann-Arbor staging system) and most of the patients received multi-agent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The 3-year overall survival rate for SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was roughly 90%, 88.9%, respectively and the average of disease-free survival period was approximately 41.1 and 22.1 months, respectively, after initiation of treatment. Conclusion We found that sinonasal malignant lymphoma is highly responsive to chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Early accurate diagnosis is important as early-stage patients receiving therapy may benefit from chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Our clinical data showed that in ambiguous situations, wide excision should be considered for diagnosis.

Background and Objectives: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute vasculitis that primarily affects children under age 5 years. Approximately 20–25% of untreated children with KD and 3–5% of those treated with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy develop coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). The prevalence of CAAs is much higher in male than in female patients with KD, but the underlying factors contributing to susceptibility to CAAs in patients with KD remain unclear. This study aimed to identify sex-specific susceptibility loci associated with CAAs in KD patients. Methods: A sex-stratified genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using previously obtained GWAS data from 296 KD patients and a new replication study in an independent set of 976 KD patients by comparing KD patients without CAA (controls) and KD patients with aneurysms (internal diameter ≥5 mm) (cases). Results: Six male-specific susceptibility loci, PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ (odds ratios [ORs], 2.25–9.98; p=0.00204–1.96×10−6 ), and 2 female-specific susceptibility loci, SMAD3 (OR, 4.59; p=0.00016) and IL1RAPL1 (OR, 4.35; p=0.00026), were significantly associated with CAAs in patients with KD. In addition, the numbers of CAA risk alleles additively contributed to the development of CAAs in patients with KD. Conclusions A sex-stratified GWAS identified 6 male-specific (PDE1C, NOS3, DLG2, CPNE8, FUNDC1, and GABRQ) and 2 female-specific (SMAD3 and IL1RAPL1) CAA susceptibility loci in patients with KD.

Background and Objectives: Sinonasal malignant lymphoma is rare and aggressive. Its low incidence has made detailed studies on epidemiology, survival, and consensus treatment modalities a challenge, and also has limited developing standardized protocols for diagnosis and management. This study analyzes the clinical factors of patients diagnosed with sinonasal malignant lymphoma and their treatment modalities to understand therapeutic outcome and prognostic factors.Subjects and Method The medical records of patients diagnosed between 2011 and 2020 as sinonasal (SN) malignant lymphoma (extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma [ENKTL]/diffuse large B cell lymphoma [DLBCL]) in Seoul national university hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total 42 patients were included in the study. Of those, 30 patients were SN-ENKTL, 12 patients were SN-DLBCL. The mean age of SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was 52.8±14.4, 60.8±12.4, respectively. The main chief complaint was nasal obstruction (54%). Approximately 75% were diagnosed as stage II (Ann-Arbor staging system) and most of the patients received multi-agent chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The 3-year overall survival rate for SN-DLBCL and SN-DLBCL groups was roughly 90%, 88.9%, respectively and the average of disease-free survival period was approximately 41.1 and 22.1 months, respectively, after initiation of treatment. Conclusion We found that sinonasal malignant lymphoma is highly responsive to chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Early accurate diagnosis is important as early-stage patients receiving therapy may benefit from chemo or chemoradiotherapy. Our clinical data showed that in ambiguous situations, wide excision should be considered for diagnosis.

Background: The benefits of transradial access (TRA) over transfemoral access (TFA) for bifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are uncertain because of the limited availability of device selection. This study aimed to compare the procedural differences and the in-hospital and long-term outcomes of TRA and TFA for bifurcation PCI using secondgeneration drug-eluting stents (DESs). Methods: Based on data from the Coronary Bifurcation Stenting Registry III, a retrospective registry of 2,648 patients undergoing bifurcation PCI with second-generation DES from 21 centers in South Korea, patients were categorized into the TRA group (n = 1,507) or the TFA group (n = 1,141). After propensity score matching (PSM), procedural differences, in-hospital outcomes, and device-oriented composite outcomes (DOCOs; a composite of cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization) were compared between the two groups (772 matched patients each group). Results: Despite well-balanced baseline clinical and lesion characteristics after PSM, the use of the two-stent strategy (14.2% vs. 23.7%, P = 0.001) and the incidence of in-hospital adverse outcomes, primarily driven by access site complications (2.2% vs. 4.4%, P = 0.015), were significantly lower in the TRA group than in the TFA group. At the 5-year follow-up, the incidence of DOCOs was similar between the groups (6.3% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.639). Conclusion The findings suggested that TRA may be safer than TFA for bifurcation PCI using second-generation DESs. Despite differences in treatment strategy, TRA was associated with similar long-term clinical outcomes as those of TFA. Therefore, TRA might be the preferred access for bifurcation PCI using second-generation DES.