Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disorders,with an incidence rate that has been increasing worldwide year by year.However,the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear and the treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory,severely impacting the quality of life for affected individuals.In recent years,the relationship between oxidative stress and IBD has garnered attention,offering potential new targets for the treatment of IBD.This article reviewed the relationship between oxidative stress and IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disorders,with an incidence rate that has been increasing worldwide year by year.However,the pathogenesis of IBD remains unclear and the treatment outcomes are often unsatisfactory,severely impacting the quality of life for affected individuals.In recent years,the relationship between oxidative stress and IBD has garnered attention,offering potential new targets for the treatment of IBD.This article reviewed the relationship between oxidative stress and IBD.

Objectives:To investigate the clinical and genetic features of young Chinese patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) .Methods:In this cross-sectional study, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to patients with MPN patients nationwide. The respondents were divided into 3 groups based on their age at diagnosis: young (≤40 years) , middle-aged (41-60 years) , and elderly (>60 years) . We compared the clinical and genetic characteristics of three groups of MPN patients.Results:1727 assessable questionnaires were collected. There were 453 (26.2%) young respondents with MPNs, including 274 with essential thrombocythemia (ET) , 80 with polycythemia vera (PV) , and 99 with myelofibrosis. Among the young group, 178 (39.3%) were male, and the median age was 31 (18-40) years. In comparison to middle-aged and elderly respondents, young respondents with MPN were more likely to present with a higher proportion of unmarried status (all P<0.001) , a higher education level (all P<0.001) , less comorbidity (ies) , fewer medications (all P<0.001) , and low-risk stratification (all P<0.001) . Younger respondents experienced headache (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.007; MF, P=0.001) at diagnosis, had splenomegaly at diagnosis (PV, P<0.001) , and survey (ET, P=0.052; PV, P=0.063) . Younger respondents had fewer thrombotic events at diagnosis (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.011) and during the survey (ET, P<0.001; PV, P=0.003) . JAK2 mutations were found in fewer young people (ET, P<0.001; PV, P<0.001; MF, P=0.013) ; however, CALR mutations were found in more young people (ET, P<0.001; MF, P=0.015) . Furthermore, mutations in non-driver genes (ET, P=0.042; PV, P=0.043; MF, P=0.004) and high-molecular risk mutations (ET, P=0.024; PV, P=0.023; MF, P=0.001) were found in fewer young respondents. Conclusion:Compared with middle-aged and elderly patients, young patients with MPN had unique clinical and genetic characteristics.

Objective:To explore the care burden of the primary caregivers of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients and its correlation with psychological resilience and social support.Methods:From January 2020 to December 2021, 97 MHD patients and 97 primary caregivers admitted to Zhumadian Central Hospital were selected by convenient sampling. The subjects were investigated with the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (ZBI) , Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) and Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) . Pearson correlation analysis was used to explore the correlation between the care burden, psychological resilience and social support of the main caregivers of MHD patients. Model 4 in the PROCESS macro program was used to test the intermediary model, and the significance of the intermediary effect was tested by Bootstrap analysis. A total of 97 questionnaires were distributed, and the effective recovery rate was 100.00%.Results:There were statistically significant differences in the ZBI scores of MHD patients' main caregivers with different ages, with or without other care workers, total care time, daily care time, psychological resilience and social support ( P<0.05) . The total ZBI score of the main caregivers of MHD patients was (42.39±10.61) , of which 1.03% (1/97) had no or very mild burden, 44.33% (43/97) had mild burden, 50.52% (49/97) had moderate burden, and 4.12% (4/97) had severe burden. The total score of CD-RISC of the main caregivers of MHD patients was (53.09±5.69) , of which 79.38% (77/97) of the main caregivers had low-level resilience, and 20.62% (20/97) of the main caregivers had medium-level resilience. The total SSRS score of the main caregivers of MHD patients was (30.33±7.19) , of which 21.65% (21/97) of the main caregivers had low-level social support, 76.29% (74/97) of the main caregivers had medium-level social support, and 2.06% (2/97) of the main caregivers had high-level social support. The care burden of the main caregivers of MHD patients was negatively correlated with psychological resilience and social support, and psychological resilience was positively correlated with social support ( P<0.05) . Social support positively predicted psychological resilience and negatively predicted care burden ( P<0.05) . Psychological resilience negatively predicted care burden ( P<0.05) . The intermediary model (dependent variable was care burden; independent variable was social support; intermediary variable was psychological resilience) had a significant intermediary effect. The indirect effect accounted for 79.23% of the total effect, and the direct effect accounted for 20.77% of the total effect. Conclusions:The main caregivers of MHD patients have moderate care burden, and social support can directly affect the care burden, and also indirectly affect the care burden through the mediation of psychological resilience.

Objectives:To explore health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and identify its associated variables in Chinese patients with Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) .Methods:In this cross-sectional study, anonymous questionnaires were distributed to adult patients with MPNs to assess symptom burden measured by MPN-10 and HRQoL measured by Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) .Results:The data from 1405 respondents with MPNs, including 645 (45.9%) with essential thrombocythemia (ET) , 297 (21.1%) with polycythemia vera (PV) , and 463 (33.0%) with myelofibrosis (MF) , were analyzed. 646 (46.0%) respondents were male. The median age was 56 (range, 18-99) years. The mean MPN-10 scores were 13.0±12.7, 15.0±14.7, and 21.0±16.6 ( P<0.001) , and the physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores were 48.0±8.5, 47.0±9.0, and 42.0±10.0 ( P<0.001) and 51.0±11.0, 50.0±10.8, and 49.0±11.1 ( P=0.002) for respondents with ET, PV, and MF, respectively. Respondents with MF reported the lowest score of physical functioning, role functioning, emotional functioning, cognitive functioning, social function, and global health status (all P<0.01) and the highest score of fatigue, pain, dyspnea, appetite loss, diarrhea, and financial problems (all P<0.05) in EORTC QLQ-C30. Multivariate analyses revealed that higher MPN-10 scores were significantly associated with lower PCS (-0.220 to -0.277, P<0.001) and MCS (-0.244 to -0.329, P<0.001) scores; increasing age (-1.923 to -4.869; all P<0.05) , lower PCS score. Additionally, comorbidity (ies) , symptom at diagnosis, splenomegaly, anemia, unknown driver gene, and higher annual out-of-pocket cost were significantly associated with lower PCS and/or MCS scores. However, age ≥ 60 years, urban household registration, concomitant medication, and receiving ruxolitinib therapy in respondents with MF were associated with higher MCS scores. Weak correlations were found between MPN-10 score (except the subscale of appetite loss and constipation) and EORTC QLQ-C30 score in majority of subscales in respondents with ET (| r| = 0.193-0.457, all P<0.001) , PV (| r| = 0.192-0.529, all P<0.01) , and MF (| r| = 0.180-0.488, all P<0.001) , respectively. Conclusions:HRQoL in patients with MPN was significantly reduced, especially in patients with MF. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were significantly associated with the HRQoL in patients with MPNs.

As an interface between external electronic devices and internal neural nuclei, microelectrodes play an important role in many fields, such as animal robots, deep brain stimulation and neural prostheses. Aiming at the problem of high price and complicated fabrication process of microelectrode, a microelectrode twisting machine based on open source electronic prototyping platform (Arduino) and three-dimensional printing technology was proposed, and its microelectrode fabrication performance and neural stimulation performance were verified. The results show that during the fabrication of microelectrodes, the number of positive twisting turns of the electrode wire should generally be set to about 1.8 times of its length, and the number of reverse twisting rings is independent of the length, generally about 5. Moreover, compared with the traditional instrument, the device is not only inexpensive and simple to manufacture, but also has good expandability. It has a positive significance for both the personalization and popularization of microelectrode fabrication and the reduction of experimental cost.
Equipment Design ; Microelectrodes ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To summarize the adverse reactions of blepharospasm (BSP) and hemifacial spasm (HFS) after botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection and offer corresponding responses.Methods Clinical data of 163 BSP patients and 221 HFS patients,admitted to and subjected to BoNT-A injection in our hospital from September 2017 to October 2019,were analyzed retrospectively.Albert and Cohen evaluation scale was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy after injection.All adverse reactions were recorded and corresponding responses were proposed.Results The effective rates of BoNT-A injection for BSP and HFS were 97.5％ and 100％,respectively.The most common early-onset adverse reactions were local pain (BSP:13.5％;HFS:17.2％) and hematoma (BSP:3.7％;HFS:4.5％);the late-onset adverse reactions included dry eyes/epiphora (BSP:9.8％;HFS:11.3％),incomplete closure of eyelid (BSP:20.2％;HFS:20.4％),facial stiffness (HFS:39.4％) and asymmetry (HFS:11.8％),and eyelid edema could be noted in a few patients (BSP:1.2％;HFS:1.4％).The main measures on reducing or avoiding adverse reactions after injection included appropriate injection apparatus,accurate injection sites,exact drug doses,and consideration of the individual differences of patients.Conclusion BoNT-A is effective in the treatment of BSP and HFS,but it is necessary to avoid early-onset and late-onset adverse reactions to maximize the benefits of patients.

Objective Tostudytheeffectsoftitanicartificialossiclereplacementincanalwall - downandcanalwall-up tympanoplasty for patients suffering from chronic otitis media .Methods A total of 157 cases (164 ears) un-derwent canal wall-down and canal wall -up tympanoplasty at our hospital from Feburary 2014 to Feburary 2016 were retrospectively analyzed ,in which 50 cases in canal wall down tympanoplasty with titanic ossicle replacement , 49 cases without replacement ,42 cases in canal wall -up tympanoplasty with titanic artificial ossicle replacement , and 23 cases without replacement .The average air bone gaps (ABG) before and 3 months after operations were re-corded and the average reduced ABGs were compared between sub -groups to evaluate the effects of titanic artificial ossicle replacement .Results In the canal wall-down tympanoplasty group ,the mean ABGs of 3 months after oper-ations in the replacement subgroup was 15 .72 ± 11 .18 dB ,the reduced ABGs was 17 .45 ± 5 .23 dB ,and the impro-ving rate for hearing was 71 .54％ ,statistically higher than the non -replacement subgroup(P<0 .05) .In the canal wall-up tympanoplasty group ,the mean ABGs of 3 months after operations in the replacement subgroup was 8 .13 ± 5 .37 dB ,the reduced ABGs was 26 .85 ± 11 .03 dB ,the improving rate for hearing was 75 .12％ ,statistically higher than non-replacement subgroup(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The replacement of titanic artificial ossicle in both of canal wall-down and canal wall-up tympanoplasty is helpful to improve hearing .

Objective To explore the syndrome distribution laws of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (RITP), and the relevance between various syndromes and gender, age, laboratory indicators, to reveal the essence of TCM syndrome and provide a reasonable and standard TCM treatment principle. Methods TCM syndrome, gender, age and laboratory indicators of 75 cases of RITP were studied retrospectively and analized statistically. Results Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the major syndrome, and Yin deficiency is the secondary syndrome. Compare with others, the patients with qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome were older, and had longer disease courses and more severe conditions. Conclusion One of TCM intervention treatment principles for RITP is invigorating qi and yin, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.