OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance trends of the main pathogens causing blood-stream infections(BSI)in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of Henan Province from 2014 to 2023 so as to pro-vide bases for prevention and control of hospital-associated infections in the neonates and reasonable use of antibi-otics in the whole province.METHODS The data regarding to the pathogens causing BSI in the NICU neonates and drug resistance were retrospectively collected from Jan.2014 to Dec.2023,and the statistical analysis was per-formed by SPSS 26.0 and WHONET 5.6 software.RESULTS Totally 27,984 strains of pathogens were collected from 2014 to 2023,13,547(48.41％)of which were gram-negative bacteria,and 14,437(51.59％)were gram-pos-itive bacteria.Klebsiella pneumoniae(4221 strains,15.08％),Escherichia coli(3735 strains,13.35％),Acine-tobacter baumannii(1288 strains,4.60％),Enterobacter cloacae(847 strains,3.12％)and Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa(655 strain,2.34％)were the major species of gram-negative bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus(4545 strains,16.24％),Staphylococcus epidermidis(3306 strains,11.81％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus(2048 strains,7.32％),Staphylococcus hominis(1085 strains,3.88％)and Enterococcus faecalis(946 strains,3.38％)were the predominant species of gram-positive bacteria.The drug resistant analysis indicated that the drug resistance rate of the K.pneumoniae strains to imipenem showed an upward trend during the past six years,peaking at 44.23％,and it began to decline in 2021;though the drug resistance rate of the E.coli strains to imipenem showed some fluctuations,it gener-ally presented a downward trend,peaking at 7.00％.The drug resistance rates of the K.pneumoniae strains to the third generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems were higher than those of the E.coli,and there was significant differ-ence in the antimicrobial prevalence trend between the two species of Enterobacter during the ten years(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS K.pneumoniae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus are dominant among the pathogens causing BSI in the ICU neonates of the whole province,and the isolation rates of drug-resistant strains are high.It is grossly necessary for the reasonable clinical use of antibiotics to carry out the bacterial drug resistance surveillance.

Objective:To analyze the clinical phenotypes and genetic characteristics of pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Methods:A cross-sectional study was adopted. Clinical and imaging data of 25 pediatric patients diagnosed as having NF1 in Department of Pediatric Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University from January 2024 to July 2025 were collected. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to conduct genetic testing on the pediatric patients and his/her parents. Protein 3D modeling of the domestic and foreign unreported variations was conducted using SWISS-MODEL software.Results:Among the 25 pediatric patients with NF1, 14 were male (56%) and 11 were female (44%), with age ranging from 8 months to 18 years. All pediatric patients exhibited café-au-lait macules, and 7 (28%) presented with plexiform neurofibromas. Genetic test identified 4 types of NF1 variants: nonsense variant ( n=11, 44%), frameshift variant ( n=9, 36%), missense variant ( n=3, 12%), and splice-site variant ( n=2, 8%). Importantly, 5 novel NF1 variants were discovered, including c.3455T>A, c.3709dupG, c.2665_2684del, c.7092_7095delinsTA, and c.3260del. Three pediatric patients inherited NF1 variant from their parents, while the remaining 22 harbored de novo mutation. Conclusion:NF1 exhibits a broad clinical spectrum, primarily affecting the skin and nervous system; this study identifies 5 previously unreported variants, expanding the genetic profile of NF1.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution and drug resistance trends of the main pathogens causing blood-stream infections(BSI)in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)of Henan Province from 2014 to 2023 so as to pro-vide bases for prevention and control of hospital-associated infections in the neonates and reasonable use of antibi-otics in the whole province.METHODS The data regarding to the pathogens causing BSI in the NICU neonates and drug resistance were retrospectively collected from Jan.2014 to Dec.2023,and the statistical analysis was per-formed by SPSS 26.0 and WHONET 5.6 software.RESULTS Totally 27,984 strains of pathogens were collected from 2014 to 2023,13,547(48.41％)of which were gram-negative bacteria,and 14,437(51.59％)were gram-pos-itive bacteria.Klebsiella pneumoniae(4221 strains,15.08％),Escherichia coli(3735 strains,13.35％),Acine-tobacter baumannii(1288 strains,4.60％),Enterobacter cloacae(847 strains,3.12％)and Pseudomonas aerugi-nosa(655 strain,2.34％)were the major species of gram-negative bacteria;Staphylococcus aureus(4545 strains,16.24％),Staphylococcus epidermidis(3306 strains,11.81％),Staphylococcus haemolyticus(2048 strains,7.32％),Staphylococcus hominis(1085 strains,3.88％)and Enterococcus faecalis(946 strains,3.38％)were the predominant species of gram-positive bacteria.The drug resistant analysis indicated that the drug resistance rate of the K.pneumoniae strains to imipenem showed an upward trend during the past six years,peaking at 44.23％,and it began to decline in 2021;though the drug resistance rate of the E.coli strains to imipenem showed some fluctuations,it gener-ally presented a downward trend,peaking at 7.00％.The drug resistance rates of the K.pneumoniae strains to the third generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems were higher than those of the E.coli,and there was significant differ-ence in the antimicrobial prevalence trend between the two species of Enterobacter during the ten years(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS K.pneumoniae and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus are dominant among the pathogens causing BSI in the ICU neonates of the whole province,and the isolation rates of drug-resistant strains are high.It is grossly necessary for the reasonable clinical use of antibiotics to carry out the bacterial drug resistance surveillance.

Objective:To analyze the clinical phenotypes and genetic characteristics of pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1).Methods:A cross-sectional study was adopted. Clinical and imaging data of 25 pediatric patients diagnosed as having NF1 in Department of Pediatric Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital Affiliated to Shandong Second Medical University from January 2024 to July 2025 were collected. Whole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing were used to conduct genetic testing on the pediatric patients and his/her parents. Protein 3D modeling of the domestic and foreign unreported variations was conducted using SWISS-MODEL software.Results:Among the 25 pediatric patients with NF1, 14 were male (56%) and 11 were female (44%), with age ranging from 8 months to 18 years. All pediatric patients exhibited café-au-lait macules, and 7 (28%) presented with plexiform neurofibromas. Genetic test identified 4 types of NF1 variants: nonsense variant ( n=11, 44%), frameshift variant ( n=9, 36%), missense variant ( n=3, 12%), and splice-site variant ( n=2, 8%). Importantly, 5 novel NF1 variants were discovered, including c.3455T>A, c.3709dupG, c.2665_2684del, c.7092_7095delinsTA, and c.3260del. Three pediatric patients inherited NF1 variant from their parents, while the remaining 22 harbored de novo mutation. Conclusion:NF1 exhibits a broad clinical spectrum, primarily affecting the skin and nervous system; this study identifies 5 previously unreported variants, expanding the genetic profile of NF1.

OBJECTIVE To establish the method for the content determination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural （5-HMF） in glucosamine hydrochloride tablets， and to analyze its regularity and influential factors. METHODS Quantitative analysis of 5-HMF was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography. The analysis was conducted on Shim-pack GIST C18-AQ column with mobile phase consisted of 0.1% phosphoric acid solution-methanol （90∶10， V/V） at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column temperature was 30 ℃， and detection wavelength was 284 nm. The injection volume was 20 μL. Reaction kinetics test of different temperatures was adopted to analyze the relationship of 5-HMF content with reaction temperature and reaction time， and utilized to build its formation kinetic model. RESULTS The linger range of 5-HMF was 0.057-5.698 μg/mL （r＝0.999 9）. The limits of detection and quantitation were 5.70 and 17.09 ng/mL； RSDs of precision， repeatability and stability （24 h） tests were all lower than 1.0% （n＝6）. The average recoveries ranged from 99.38% to 99.73%（RSD＝0.53%， n＝9）. The contents of the 5-HMF in 8 batches of samples ranged 4.10-35.13 μg/g. Results of data fitting in reaction kinetics test showed that the higher reaction temperature and the longer reaction time， the higher 5-HMF content in the sample. At 50， 60， 70 and 80 ℃ ， the relationship between the content of 5-HMF and the reaction time was linear， in accordance with a zero-order kinetic model. The reaction rate constants were 6.789， 7.715， 8.815 and 11.430， respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established method has strong specificity， high sensitivity， and good accuracy； the reaction temperature and reaction time are important influential factors for the formation of 5-HMF in glucosamine hydrochloride tables. The change rule of its content conforms to the zero-order kinetic model.

BACKGROUND: Insufficient cerebral perfusion is suggested to play a role in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, there is a lack of direct evidence indicating whether hypoperfusion causes or aggravates AD pathology. We investigated the effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD-related pathology in humans. METHODS: We enrolled a group of cognitively normal patients (median age: 64 years) with unilateral chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Regions of interest with the most pronounced hypoperfusion changes were chosen in the hypoperfused region and were then mirrored in the contralateral hemisphere to create a control region with normal perfusion. 11C-Pittsburgh compound-positron emission tomography standard uptake ratios and brain atrophy indices were calculated from the computed tomography images of each patient. RESULTS: The median age of the 10 participants, consisting of 4 males and 6 females, was 64 years (47-76 years). We found that there were no differences in standard uptake ratios of the cortex (volume of interest [VOI]: P = 0.721, region of interest [ROI]: P = 0.241) and grey/white ratio (VOI: P = 0.333, ROI: P = 0.445) and brain atrophy indices (Bicaudate, Bifrontal, Evans, Cella, Cella media, and Ventricular index, P > 0.05) between the hypoperfused regions and contralateral normally perfused regions in patients with unilateral chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that chronic hypoperfusion due to large vessel stenosis may not directly induce cerebral β-amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration in humans.
Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology* ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/metabolism* ; Arteries ; Atrophy ; Brain/metabolism* ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism* ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Constriction, Pathologic/pathology* ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Positron-Emission Tomography/methods*

Objective To analyze the current status of studies related to home enteral nutrition (HEN) in China,and provide scientific basis for the research and management of HEN in China.Methods We searched CNKI and WanFang Data since it built to January 1st,2018.The included studies were screened and categorized by publication information,study type,subjects of the study,topic,interventions and outcomes.Descriptive analysis was conducted after extraction of information.Results A total of 153 studies were included,of which 37 were observational studies,102 were experimental studies,12 were case report,and 2 were exploring articles.Since 2012,the number of studies has been increasing.Most of the subjects were elderly people who were diagnosed with diseases of digestive system,head and neck tumors and diseases of nervous system.These studies were featured as small sample size and short intervention time,follow-ups by telephone and home visit,less than 1/4 providing professional nutrition support team,and outcomes mainly as complication,nutritional biochemical indices,anthropometric indices and prognosis.Conclusion HEN in China is still in its infancy.The number of relative studies is still small and quality of literatures is very low,but it has been increasing.At present,there are some problems in the implementation of HEN in China,such as lack of standardized management model and professional team,short-term intervention,and single follow-up mode.The elderly and patients with digestive disease,head and neck tumors and nervous disease are the key subjects;more professional nutrition support team and scientific management model should be established in the future.

Objective To observe the expression level change of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), and to explore the relationships of VEGF expression with OSAHS, OSAHS related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods Polysomnography (PSG) was used to conduct sleep apnea monitoring in 24 OSAHS patients from 6OSAHS popular families and 48 healthy controls with normal physical examination results. The expression of VEGF mRNA was examined by reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, meanwhile, the level of VEGF in plasma was measured VEGF mRNA in PBMC were significantly higher in simple OSAHS group [plasma levels: (205.75±2.79) pg/ml; mRNA: 0. 61±0. 02] than in control group [(168.72±4.64) pg/ml; 0. 47±0. 02,cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases group [(288.74 ± 2.73) pg/ml, 1.16 ± 0. 03] than in simple OSAHS group [ ( 205.75 ± 2.79 ) pg/ml, 0. 61 ± 0.02, P ＜ 0. 01]. ( 2 ) There was a positive correlation of the levels of VEGF in plasma and mRNA with AHI as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure in early morning. There was a negative correlation of the level of VEGF in plasma and VEGF mRNA with the lowest saturation of blood oxygen. There was a positive correlation of the level of VEGF mRNA with AHI as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure in early morning.Conclusions The level of VEGF in OSAHS significantly increases, which may play a role in the pathophysiology of OSAHS and OSAHS related cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.