Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular regulatory mechanism of cancer susceptibility candidate 15(CASC15),a long-stranded non-coding RNA(lncRNA),in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods Bioinformat-ics methods were used to predict the expression of target genes and analyze the relationship between the expression of target genes and the survival time of patients;Hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and adjacent tissues from patients with HCC were collected;CCK-8,Tr-answell,and flow cytometry experiments were used to detect proliferation,invasion,migration and apoptosis of SMMC7721 cells and Huh-7 cells;The dual-luciferase assay was used to detect the targeting relationship between miR-144-3p and CASC15,as well as leucine rich repeat containing protein 1(LRRC1);RT-qPCR and Western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expression of target genes;Immunofluorescence was used for protein localization of target genes;Replicate experiment was performed to verify the effect of CASC15/miR-144-3p/LRRC1 on the progression of HCC.In vivo experiment was performed to verify the effect of CASC15 on HCC progression.Results TCGA database and RT-qPCR assay showed high expression of CASC15,low expression of miR-144-3p,and high expression of LRRC1 in HCC tissues and cells(P<0.05).The results of cell function experiments on proliferation,inva-sion and migration showed that CASC15 and LRRC1 played a promoting role in tumor development,while miR-144-3p had an inhibi-tory effect,consistent with the results of apoptosis experiments(P<0.05).Cell function experiments showed that CASC15 inhibited miR-144-3p function,miR-144-3p inhibited LRRC1,and CASC15 bound to miR-144-3p,leading to the upregulation of LRRC1.The replicate experimental results indicated that CASC15 promoted LRRC1 expression through inhibiting miR-144-3p,thereby pro-moting HCC cell proliferation,invasion and migration,and inhibiting apoptosis.Conclusion CASC15 may promote HCC progression by regulating the miR-144-3p/LRRC1 axis.

Previous studies have revealed that patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) exhibit differences in symptom severity and prognosis, indicating potential HCM subtypes among these patients. Here, 793 patients with HCM were recruited at an average follow-up of 32.78 ± 27.58 months to identify potential HCM subtypes by performing consensus clustering on the basis of their echocardiography features. Furthermore, we proposed a systematic method for illustrating the relationship between the phenotype and genotype of each HCM subtype by using machine learning modeling and interactome network detection techniques based on whole-exome sequencing data. Another independent cohort that consisted of 414 patients with HCM was recruited to replicate the findings. Consequently, two subtypes characterized by different clinical outcomes were identified in HCM. Patients with subtype 2 presented asymmetric septal hypertrophy associated with a stable course, while those with subtype 1 displayed left ventricular systolic dysfunction and aggressive progression. Machine learning modeling based on personal whole-exome data identified 46 genes with mutation burden that could accurately predict subtype propensities. Furthermore, the patients in another cohort predicted as subtype 1 by the 46-gene model presented increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. By employing echocardiography and genetic screening for the 46 genes, HCM can be classified into two subtypes with distinct clinical outcomes.

Diabetic kidney diseases （DKD） is one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes. According to the available studies， the initial factor of DKD is glomerular injury. However， in recent years， more and more studies have confirmed that renal tubular injury plays a key role in the development of DKD. Taking renal tubules and their interstitium as therapeutic targets has become a new idea for the treatment of DKD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） can treat renal tubular injury in DKD via multiple pathways， targets， and links， demonstrating significant therapeutic effect and slight side effects. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of DKD， doctors differentiate different syndromes such as deficiency of both Qi and Yin， deficiency of spleen and kidney Yang， and Qi deficiency and blood stasis and then adopt the therapies of nourishing kidney and strengthening essence， clearing heat and eliminating dampness， tonifying Qi and nourishing yin and so on， which have shown significant effect in the treatment of renal tubular injury in DKD. This paper summarizes the experimental studies about the treatment of renal tubular injury in DKD by TCM compound prescriptions， as well as the effective parts， extracts， and active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicines. Chinese herbal medicines and their derivates can regulate Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB）， nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 （Nrf2）/antioxidant response element （ARE）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smads and other signaling pathways to treat renal tubular injury from resisting oxidative stress， inhibiting apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells， and blocking renal tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. With this review， we hope to provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of new drugs for renal tubular injury in DKD.

Objective:To analyze the efficacy and safety of CLAG regimen (cladribine, cytarabine, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor) in treatment of relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods:The clinical data of 30 patients with relapsed/refractory AML who were admitted to Suzhou Hongci Blood Disease Hospital from January 2018 to February 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and the efficacy and adverse reactions were observed.Results:Among 30 patients, 1 patient was not evaluated for efficacy due to treatment-related death. Among the 29 evaluable patients, 17 patients (58.6%) achieved complete remission (CR), 5 patients (17.3%) achieved partial remission (PR) and 7 patients (24.1%) had no remission (NR). One patient in low-medium-risk group achieved CR; the CR rate in medium-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group [68.8% (11/16) vs. 41.7% (5/12)], but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.250). Seven patients with M 5 achieved CR. Five patients with positive MLL gene rearrangement achieved CR. Among 6 patients with extramedullary invasion of leukemia cells, 4 patients achieved CR, and among them 3 patients with central nervous system invasion achieved CR. Among 6 patients with cladribine 3.5 mg·m -2·d -1×5 d, 1 patient died of infection after chemotherapy, 1 patient had NR, and the rest achieved CR. Among 24 patients with cladribine 5 mg·m -2·d -1×5 d, the CR rate in patients with cytarabine 2 g·m -2·d -1×5 d was higher than that in patients with cytarabine 1 g·m -2·d -1×5 d [70.0% (7/10) vs. 42.9% (6/14)], but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.240). All patients developed grade Ⅳ myelosuppression after chemotherapy. 12 patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) after CR, and 9 patients were still alive. Conclusions:CLAG regimen is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of relapsed/refractory AML. In order to improve the prognosis, allo-HSCT should be performed as soon as possible after CR.

Objective:To analyze the causes of unplanned reoperation in pediatric patients after elective digestive tract surgery and the prognosis.Methods:Medical records were reviewed from pediatric patients undergoing unplanned reoperation after elective digestive tract surgery at our department from Jan 2012 to Dec 2019. Primary diagnoses, procedures and levels of index surgeries, causes and procedures of unplanned reoperations, and patients' prognosis were analyzed.Results:There were 39 cases, and the primary diagnoses included biliary disease, anal and colorectal disease, and intestinal disease. There were 4 (10%) cases of level Ⅱ surgeries,and 35 (90%) cases of level Ⅲ&Ⅳ surgeries. The index surgical procedures included 19 (49%) biliary-intestinal procedures, 11 (28%) simple intestinal procedures, and 9 (23%) anal and colorectal procedures. The direct causes of unplanned reoperation included 10 (26%) anastomotic leakages, 8 (20%) adhesive intestinal obstructions, 5 (13%) postoperative intussusceptions, 5 (13%) incisional complications (infection, dehiscence and incisional hernia), 3 (8%) postoperative hemorrhages and 8 (20%) miscellaneous (iatrogenic injury and surgical misjudgment). Patients' prognosis included 24 (62%) full recoveries, 9 (23%) further operations, and 5 (13%) deaths, and 1 (3%) short bowel syndrome.Conclusions:Most pediatric unplanned reoperations after elective digestive tract surgery occur in complex surgical procedures. The most common causes of unplanned reoperation are anastomotic leakage, adhesive intestinal obstruction. Unplanned reoperations are often prone to adverse effects on prognosis.

Objective:To evaluate clinical characteristics and treatment of postoperative anastomotic stricture in pediatric congenital biliary dilatation patients.Methods:The clinical data of 24 children with postoperative anastomotic stricture from Apr 2012 to Oct 2019 in Beijing Children's Hospital was retrospectively analyzed.Results:There were 6 males and 18 females. Patients were divided into bile- leak group (BL, n=6) and non bile-leak group (NBL, n=18) based on whether there was anastomotic leakage after primary surgery. The main symptoms in BL group was persistent obstructive jaundice, and recurrent cholangitis in NBL group. Postoperative symptoms were first shown in an average of 7.0 months in BL group, compared to 59.0 months in NBL group, P<0.05. In BL group, 4 underwent redoing hepaticojejunostomy, 2 underwent anastomosis plasty. In NBL group, 3 underwent redoing hepaticojejunostomy, 15 did anastomosis plasty with multiple biliary stones found necessitating extraction. After reoperation, one patient had bile leakage, 2 patients had recurrent cholangitis within one-month, 21 patients had uneventful recovery. Five were found to have biliary stones in long-term follow-up. Conclusions:Biliary-enteric anastomotic leakage can cause stricture in postoperative patients of congenital biliary dilatation ,reoperation is necessary in symptomatic patients.

In recent years， with the change in life style， social environment， and national childbearing policy， the proportion of high-risk pregnant women has increased significantly， triggering the spectrum of obstetric diseases to constantly change， which has brought new challenges to the diagnosis and treatment of obstetrics. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been proved effective in dealing with a variety of obstetric diseases， and various treatment methods are available， which can serve as alternative means for solving refractory obstetric diseases. However， most obstetric clinicians are currently less aware of the therapeutic effects of TCM， which has significantly hindered its participation in clinical treatment. Therefore， the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） organized the outstanding young obstetricians of TCM and western medicine to discuss 15 obstetric diseases responding specifically to TCM or integrated TCM and western medicine， including hyperemesis gravidarum， threatened abortion， ectopic gestation， cough during pregnancy， pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome， maternal-fetal ABO incompatibility， postpartum hypogalactia， residual pregnancy tissue in uterine cavity， puerperal infection， pantalgia after childbirth， hematoma/undesirable healing after caesarean section， postpartum urinary retention， ileus after cesarean section， pelvic floor dysfunction， and postnatal depression. The suggestions for their treatment with TCM or integrated TCM and western medicine were also proposed， aiming to provide patients with effective and personalized treatments in clinical practice and improve the diagnosis and treatment effects of obstetric diseases， thus benefiting the public. At the same time， more obstetrical clinicians are expected to understand the therapeutic effects and advantages of TCM and draw on the strengths of both TCM and western， thereby promoting the establishment of an obstetric diagnosis and treatment system with Chinese characteristics.