Precancerous lesions of gastric cancer is a key stage in the development of gastric cancer.The reprogramming of glucose metabolism is a prominent feature of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.Hypoxic microenvironment and hypoxia-inducible factors are important factors influencing the occurrence of glucose metabolic reprogramming.This article summarized the relationship between hypoxic microenvironment and the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in precancerous lesions of gastric cancer,and concluded the relevant research on TCM compounds and effective components to improve hypoxic microenvironment and further regulate glycolysis for the treatment of this disease.It was concluded that the mechanism may be the inhibition of angiogenesis,regulation of signaling pathways and key proteins of glycolysis,expression of multiple enzymes,reduction of lactate secretion,inhibition of cell malignant proliferation and invasion.It explored the mechanism of Chinese materia medica in improving hypoxic microenvironment and regulating glycolysis,so as to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of precancerous lesions of gastric cancer.

Objective:To investigate the driving effect of prostate cancer associated transcript 4 (PCAT4) on the up-regulation of upregulator of cell proliferation (URGCP) expression in breast cancer progression through sponging miR-508-5p.Methods:The microarray data of lncRNA and miRNA with differential expression in breast cancer tissue were analyzed by Cancer Genome Atlas. The expression of PCAT4 in breast cancer was evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell proliferation was measured by MTT and colony formation, cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL, and cell migration and invasion were analyzed by Transwell. The correlation between PCAT4 and miR-508-5p, and miR-508-5p and URGCP was analyzed by RNA pull-down and double luciferase assay. Tumor xenograft studies were performed to analyze the correlation between PCAT4/miR-508-5p/URGCP axis and breast cancer cell growth in vivo. Measurement data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation ( ± s). T-test was used for comparison between two groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups. The correlation between PCAT4 and URGCP and miR-508-5p expression was evaluated by Pearson correlation analysis. Results:The expression level of PCAT4 was up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells. Knockout of PCAT4 inhibited cell proliferation and metastasis and promoted cell apoptosis. miR-508-5p was the target of PCAT4 and was negatively correlated with PCAT4. Overexpression of miR-508-5p in breast cancer can inhibit cell growth, migration and invasion, and promote cell apoptosis. URGCP is the target of miR-508-5p and induces progression of breast cancer. Tumor xenograft studies showed that PCAT4 drives breast cancer progression by affecting miR-508-5p/URGCP.Conclusion:The expression of PCAT4 is up-regulated in breast cancer tissues and cells, and PCAT4 can act as a molecular sponge of miR-508-5p, and significantly promote breast cancer progression by activating URGCP protein expression.

Objective:To explore the effects of miR-451 on glycolysis and apoptosis of breast cancer cells by regulating the Rho/ROCK1 pathway.Methods:Breast cancer MCF7 cells were divided into breast cancer cells (BC) group, breast cancer cells + miR-451-NC (MN) group, breast cancer cells + miR-451 inhibitor (MI) group, breast cancer cells + miR-451 mimic (MM) group, breast cancer cells + lysophosphatidic acid (BL) group, breast cancer cells + fasudil (BF) group, and breast cancer cells + miR-451 mimic + fasudil (MF) group. Glucose uptake detection kit and lactate detection kit were used to detect cell glycolysis, DAPI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis, Western blotting was used to detect Rho/ROCK1 pathway protein expression, and double luciferase reporting assay was used to confirm the interaction between miR-451 and Rho/ROCK1.Results:The glucose intake of cells in the BC group, MN group, MI group and MM group were (14.22±2.36) ×10 5 mg/h, (14.20±2.37) ×10 5 mg/h, (21.55±2.43) ×10 5 mg/h, (6.19±1.34) ×10 5 mg/h ( F=5.30, P<0.001), respectively, and lactic acid production were (1.52±0.21) ×10 5 μg/h, (1.53±0.22) ×10 5 μg/h, (2.05±0.32) ×10 5 μg/h, (0.54±0.12) ×10 5 μg/h ( F=3.28, P=0.008), respectively. The apoptosis rates were (10.13±1.35) %, (10.16±1.37) %, (5.36±1.24) %, (28.47±2.56) % ( F=6.36, P<0.001), respectively. The expressions of Rho protein were 2.31±0.46, 2.32±0.41, 2.95±0.35, 1.05±0.25 ( F=2.86, P=0.017), respectively. The expressions of ROCK1 protein were 2.51±0.41, 2.52±0.42, 3.05±0.33, 1.15±0.13 ( F=2.43, P=0.035), and there were statistically significant differences between the MN and MI groups, MN and MM groups, MI and MM groups (all P<0.05). The glucose intake in the BC group, BL group and BF group were (14.22±2.36) ×10 5 mg/h, (21.54±2.40) ×10 5 mg/h, (6.20±1.35) ×10 5 mg/h ( F=5.33, P<0.001), respectively. Lactic acid production were (1.52±0.21) ×10 5 μg/h, (2.01±0.30) ×10 5 μg/h, (0.55±0.12) ×10 5 μg/h ( F=3.28, P=0.008), respectively. The apoptosis rates were (10.13±1.35) %, (5.34±1.22) %, (28.44±2.54) % ( F=6.45, P<0.001). The expressions of Rho protein were 2.31±0.46, 2.94±0.45, 1.01±0.24 ( F=2.40, P=0.037), respectively, and the expressions of ROCK1 protein were 2.51±0.41, 3.08±0.42 and 1.13±0.12, respectively ( F=2.38, P=0.039). The pairwise comparisons among the three groups were statistically significant (all P<0.05). In the MF group, glucose intake was (3.21±0.89) ×10 5 mg/h, lactic acid production was (0.33±0.04) ×10 5 μg/h, apoptosis rate was (38.01±2.87) %, Rho protein expression was 0.55±0.14, and ROCK1 protein expression was 0.51±0.10. There were statistically significant differences among the MM group, BF group and MF group ( F=4.53, P=0.001; F=4.26, P=0.002; F=6.12, P<0.001; F=4.06, P=0.002; F=9.72, P<0.001), and there were statistically significant differences between the MF group and BF group (all P<0.05). Dual luciferase report showed that miR-451 transfection significantly decreased the luciferase activity of ROCK1-3'-UTR-WT (0.59±0.03 vs. 1.01±0.05, t=17.64, P<0.001), but had no significant effect on mutated genes (1.01±0.07 vs. 1.02±0.04, t=0.30, P=0.767) . Conclusion:Overexpression of miR-451 can significantly inhibit glycolysis of breast cancer cells and promote apoptosis of breast cancer cells, the mechanism of which may be related to inhibition of Rho/ROCK1 pathway.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and safety of long-distance urological nephrotomy with the support of 5G communication technology by using the domestic robot.Methods:Clinical data of the patients with remote robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy, which were completed from March to April 2021 by the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University (as the host hospital where the main operating system located) were retrospectively analyzed. There were 3 patients, including 2 males and 1 female.The average age was 61 (49-73) years, and the average body mass index was 23.73 (20.00-27.76) kg/m 2. One patient had a ASA classification of grade 2, and the other 2 patients had grade 3. All patients met the surgical criteria for non-functional nephrectomy. The chief surgeon who performing the telesurgery was located at the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. The surgeon remotely controlled the bedside operating system (slave system) in 3 local hospitals located in other cities in Shandong Province (network communication distances of 82.5, 141 and 229 km, respectively) by manipulating the master system located in Qingdao. Images and operating instructions during surgery were transmitted using 5G wireless communication technology. Intraoperative network conditions, robot operation, and patient perioperative data were summarized. Results:All 3 tele-nephrectomies were successfully completed. The average network signal latency time was 27.3 (23-30) ms, with no packet loss, and the average total latency time was 177.3(173-180) ms. The mean resection time was 79.3 (52-111) min, and the average intraoperative blood loss was 31.1 (15.6-41.9) ml. There were no network related adverse events occurred during the operation, and the robot-related adverse events occured 3 times, all three of which were characterized by inconsistent master and slave movements of the manipulator arm and the bedside robotic arm. None of these adverse events affected the successful performance of the telesurgery. The mean postoperative exhaust time was 60.5 (38.5-78.0) h. The mean postoperative VAS score at 24 hours was 3.7 (3-4). The Clavien-Dindo classification were all grade I. No significant abnormality was found on the 30th day after surgery, and the patients recovered well at the follow-up until 6 months postoperatively.Conclusions:It is safe and feasible to perform remote robot-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy based on 5G communication technology with no serious adverse events or surgical complications.However, the conclusion needs to be further verified by large sample and multi-center prospective study.

Objective:To study the association between preoperative hemoglobin amount and incidence of lower limb deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with lower limb fracture.Methods:A retrospective study was performed of the 2, 482 patients with lower limb fracture who had been treated at Department of Orthopaedics Trauma, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University from July 2014 to August 2019. They were 1, 174 males and 1, 308 females with an age of (60.6±19.3) years. Recorded were the patients' age, gender, injury time, hemoglobin amount, D-dimer measurement, combined medical conditions, time and results of ultrasound vein examination on both lower extremities. According to the ultrasound results, the patients were divided into a thrombosis group and a thrombosis-free group. The 2 groups were compared in hemoglobin amount. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between preoperative hemoglobin amount and incidence of lower limb DVT. The patients were divided into 5 groups according to the quintile of hemoglobin amount; the incidences of thrombosis were compared between the 5 groups.Results:The total incidence of DVT in this cohort was 29.53%(733/2, 482). The hemoglobin amount in the thrombosis group was (116.57±19.24) g/L, significantly lower than that in the thrombosis-free group (124.76±19.79) g/L ( P<0.05). The preoperative hemoglobin amount was a risk factor for incidence of DVT after a lower limb fracture ( OR=0.985, 95% CI: 0.980 to 0.990, P<0.001). As the quintile level of hemoglobin increased, the incidence of DVT showed a downward trend. In comparison of the group with the highest DVT incidence (40.58%) and the group with the lowest DVT incidence (17.27%), the risk increased by 2.386 times (95% CI: 1.718 to 3.315). Conclusions:The preoperative hemoglobin amount can affect the DVT incidence after a lower limb fracture, and a low hemoglobin amount may more likely lead to lower limb DVT.

Concrete is the most widely used modern building material. It is easy to crack under the action of stress, which makes the concrete structure permeable, affecting the durability and integrity of the structure, and thus shortening its service life. Microbial in-situ remediation technology is a low cost, effective and green way for concrete crack repairing. Due to its excellent biocompatibility, service life elongation, economic losses and environmental pollution reduction, microbial in-situ remediation technology has been intensively investigated. Bacillus has attracted much attention because of its excellent biomineralization ability, extremely strong environmental tolerance and long-term survival ability of its spores. In order to promote the research, development and large-scale application of microbial in-situ healing of concrete, the paper reviews the mechanism of spore-based in-situ healing of concrete, the survival of spores exposed in concrete, the influence of spores and external additives on the mechanical properties of concrete, progress in research and development of healing agent as well as healing effects. Moreover, future research focuses such as improving the survival ability of spores in the harsh environment of concrete, reducing the influence of external additives on the mechanical properties of concrete, and strengthening the healing effect of actual field applications are also summarized.
Bacillus ; Calcium Carbonate ; Construction Materials ; Spores, Bacterial ; Technology

Objective:To investigate the differences in incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after closed fracture of lower extremity between patients with different blood types ABO.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted in the 1, 951 patients who had been admitted to Department of Orthopaedics Trauma, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Xi'an Jiaotong University for lower extremity fractures from August 2014 to June 2018. They were 924 males and 1,027 females with a mean age of 63 (46, 78) years (range, from 16 to 102 years). Of them, 572 were type O, 564 type A, 609 type B and 206 type AB. Venous ultrasonography was performed on both lower extremities within 12 hours after admission. The incidences of DVT after fracture were compared between different blood types in all the patients, patients with proximal fracture of the knee, peri-knee fracture and distal fracture of the knee, and patients<60 years old and ≥60 years old.Results:The incidences of DVT were, respectively, 26.75% (153/572), 28.72% (162/564), 34.32% (209/609) and 29.61% (61/206) for patients with blood type O, type A, type B and type AB. The DVT incidence for type B was significantly higher than that for type O ( P< 0.008). The incidences of DVT were, respectively, 28.74% (98/341), 28.99% (100/345), 39.45% (144/365) and 30.97% (35/113) for blood type O, type A, type B and type AB in the patients with proximal fracture of the knee. The DVT incidence for blood type B was significantly higher than those for blood type O and blood type A ( P< 0.008). There were no significant differences in the DVT incidence between different blood types ABO in the patients with peri-knee fracture, distal fracture of the knee,<60 years old or ≥60 years old( P>0.05). The incidences of DVT were, respectively, 30.99% (97/313), 33.33% (108/324), 45.22% (156/345), 34.74% (33/95) for blood type O, type A, type B and type AB in the patients ≥60 years old. The DVT incidence for blood type B was significantly higher than those for blood type O and blood type A ( P< 0.008). Conclusions:The incidence of DVT varied with different blood types ABO after lower extremity fracture. The highest DVT incidence was found in patients with blood type B. The impact of blood type on the DVT incidence after lower extremity fracture was mainly observed in the patients with proximal fracture of the knee or an age of ≥ 60 years old.

Objective To investigate the occurrence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) in the perioperative period of patients with fracture distal to the knee,so that clinicians have a better understanding of the occurrence of DVT in the perioperative period of the fracture distal to the knee.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 365 patients with distal knee fractures who underwent surgery in the Department of Orthopaedics Trauma,Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical College Red Cross Hospital from June 2014 to March 2018 was conducted.There were 213 males and 152 females,aged (45.05 ± 15.24) years,with an age range of 17-83 years.Classification of fracture sites:177 cases of tibiofibular shaft fracture,130 cases of ankle fracture,and 58 cases of foot fracture.According to whether thrombosis occurred or not,the patients were divided into thrombotic group and non-thrombotic group before and after operation.There were 66 patients with thrombosis before operation,299 patients without thrombosis before operation,88 patients with thrombosis after operation,and 277 patients without thrombosis after operation.The incidence of thrombosis and the location of the thrombus were recorded.The sex,age,fracture site,ASA score,operation time,the time from injury to admission,the time from injury to surgery,intraoperative tourniquet time,intraoperative blood transfusion volume,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative transfusion volume,hemoglobin volume at admission and 1 day after operation,D-dimer level at admission and 1 day after operation,multiple injuries,chronic hepatitis and medical diseases were analyzed.The measuremernt data of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (Mean ± SD),the t test was used for comparison between two groups.The comparison of count data was performed by x2 test or Fisher exact probability method,and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed on the risk factors affecting the occurrence of DVT in both lower extremities.Results The preoperative DVT rate was 18.1％ (66/365).In patients with thrombosis,distal thrombosis accounted for 93.94％ (62/66),and mixed thrombosis accounted for 6.06％ (4/66).The incidence of postoperative DVT was 24.1％ (88/365).In patients with thrombosis,distal thrombosis accounted for 94.32％ (83/88),proximal thrombosis accounted for 1.14％ (1/88),and mixed thrombus accounted for 4.55％ (4/88).Fracture site,ASA score,operation time,intraoperative tourniquet time,intraoperative blood transfusion volume,intraoperative blood loss,intraoperative transfusion volume were not statistically significant(P ＞0.05).Age ≥ 40 years (OR =2.691,95％ CI:1.422-5.093,P =0.002),the time from injury to admission ＞ 3 days (OR =1.927,95 ％ CI:1.072-3.463,P =0.028)were independent risk factors for DVT formation in fracture distal to the knee before operation.Age ≥ 40 years (OR =3.925,95 ％ CI:2.161-7.129,P =0.000),the time from injury to surgery ＞ 5 days (OR =1.835,95 ％ CI:1.080-3.119,P =0.025),D-dimer level at 1 day after operation (OR =1.191,95％ CI:1.096-1.293,P =0.000),combined with multiple injuries (OR =1.981,95％ CI:1.006-3.902,P =0.048),combined with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (OR =2.692,95％ CI:1.112-6.517,P =0.028) were independent risk factor for DVT formation after operation for fracture distal to the knee.Conclusions The occurrence of DVT before and after the fracture of the knee is mainly caused by distal thrombosis,and proximal thrombosis also occurs.Those patients aged≥40 years,combined with multiple injuries and coronary heart disease,should focus on preventing the occurrence of DVT.After the injury,the patient is immediately admitted to the hospital for DVT screening,and when the general condition allowed,shortening the preoperative waiting time can reduce the occurrence of DVT.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system,which is characterized by the aggregation of alpha-synuclein.Accumulating evidence suggests that PD may arise in the gut.Aggregation of alpha-synuclein was found in the enteric nervous system of patients with prodromal stage of PD,alpha-synuclein might spread from the enteric nervous system to the centralnervous system through vagus nerve based on animal model.The increased permeability and oxidative stress of gut may also be associated with the aggregation of alpha-synuclein and its propagation from gut to the central nerve system.

Objective: To explorer factors related to spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology. Methods: 2 848 twin pregnant women with treatment of vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) or intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were enrolled at Assisted Reproductive Centre of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity Hospital and Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 2013 to December 2016 respectively. Basic features of subjects, relevant clinical indicators, factors of assisted reproductive therapy and pregnancy outcome were collected from clinical assisted reproductive technology management system. According to the pregnancy outcome, the subjects with spontaneous reduction were classified as case group (n=686), and those with normal twin birth were classified as control group (n=2 162). The features of subjects in the two groups were compared. Non-conditional logistics regression model was used to analyze the related factors of the occurrence of spontaneous reduction. Results: The age of case group and control group were (30.6±4.3) and (30.2±4.0) years old respectively. After the adjustment of male sterile factor, compared to the subjects with luteinizing hormone level on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin administration (HCG) <1.43 IU/L, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with value at 2.59-5.10 IU/L was1.62 (1.08-2.42).Compared to the subjects with number of transferred embryo as 1, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with value as 3 was 0.23 (0.07-0.74). Compared to the subjects with stage of transferred embryo as cleavage stage, OR (95%CI) of the subjects with blastula stage was 0.42 (0.27-0.67). Conclusion Luteinizing hormone level on day of HCG, number and stage of embryo transfer are related factors to spontaneous reduction in twin pregnancy following assisted reproductive technology.