Consensus method is not only a common technical approach to the formulation of the acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines, but also an important way to form the recommended treatment protocols of acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines. Based on the theory of implementation science, the paper explores the influencing factors of consensus-reaching to acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines, and puts forward methodological suggestions on the consensus method performed in the formulation of acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines, so as to advance the rational application of consensus method and enhance the scientificity and transparency of acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines.
Moxibustion/standards* ; Humans ; Acupuncture Therapy/standards* ; Consensus ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

From the perspective of evidence integration and utilization in guidelines, based on the carrier variety, medical experience is composed of the literature on the practical experience of medical scholars recorded in the ancient and modern time, and the individual opinions in the expert consensus. These two types of carrier for medical experience play the different roles in the key steps during formulating the acupuncture-moxibustion guidelines. Three values are summarized, named being conductive to centering the key clinical questions and strongly representing these questions; being used as a basis to judge the clinical applicability of the recommended regimens; and facilitating the recommendation.
Humans ; Moxibustion/standards* ; Acupuncture Therapy/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Acupuncture-moxibustion technical specifications are a crucial component of the acupuncture-moxibustion standardization system. This study reviews the current development status of acupuncture-moxibustion technical specifications in China, and analyzes their classifications and characteristics. It is found that the scope and classification of acupuncture technical specifications remain unclear in academic circles, and the development process faces numerous difficulties and challenges. Therefore, this study proposes the need for a systematic approach to the planning and management of acupuncture technical specifications based on a clear definition of acupuncture techniques and categories. Additionally, it suggests conducting methodological research on the development of acupuncture technical specifications and promoting the rational application of the consensus method in this process.
China ; Moxibustion/methods* ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Humans ; Acupuncture/standards*

OBJECTIVE: To develop the clinical questions and outcomes of Clinical Practice Guideline of Fire Needling Therapy for Herpes Zosters based on Norms of Formulation and Evaluation for the Clinical Guideline on Acupuncture and Moxibustion released by World Federation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Societies. METHODS: Combined the investigation with expert consultation and consensus method, and taken clinicians (members) of Chinese Association of Acupuncture and Moxibustion as the subjects, the clinical questions concerned were collected and the two-round consultation was conducted among expert group by letter. In the first round questionnaire, using the voting method, the relevant clinical questions in intervention measures were collected; and in the second round, with the Delphi method adopted, the importance of clinical questions and outcomes in the investigation was scored. RESULTS: A total of 200 structured clinical questions proposed by 153 clinicians and the clinical experience with 13 kinds of combined therapies involved and fire needling as the key measure were collected. The authority coefficient (Cr) of the Delphi questionnaire was >0.70, and the coefficient of variation for the importance scores of alternative clinical questions and outcomes was 0.06-0.26 and 0.12-0.47, respectively. The top 10 clinical questions and 12 outcomes (6 outcomes referred to the patients either in the acute stage or the post-neuralgia stage) were included, with the importance score of clinical questions>4, the importance score of outcomes>6, and the coefficient of variation ≤0.25. CONCLUSION The clinical questions and outcomes of Clinical Practice Guideline of Fire Needling Therapy for Herpes Zosters are formulated, which provides the research basis for the recommendation development of the guideline.
Acupuncture Therapy/methods* ; Treatment Outcome ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Herpes Zoster/therapy* ; Humans ; Delphi Technique

Objective:To monitor the changes in specific IgM and IgG antibodies in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and analyze their clinical significance.Methods:A total of 168 serum samples were collected from 56 COVID-19 patients with different disease courses who were positive for nucleic acid test at Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 8, 2020 and February 21, 2020. Serum samples from 25 healthy people excluded from COVID-19 were used as control group. IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by chemiluminescence method.Results:IgM antibody increased sharply in 1-3 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (21.78 AU/ml) in the 3rd week after onset. IgG antibody increased the most in 3-6 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (81.58 AU/ml) in the 9th week after onset. The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were closely correlated with age and disease course ( P<0.05). The antibody level of 30-60 years old group was the highest, the IgM antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage and previous infection were lower than that of recovery stage, and the IgG antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage were lower than that of recovery stage and previous infection. During the whole course of the disease, the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies increased gradually in the acute stage, reached the peak in the recovery stage, and decreased and maintained at a certain level in the past infection. Conclusions:Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody detection can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for COVID-19, and its continuous observation is helpful for epidemiological investigation, serological diagnosis and disease course monitoring.

Objective:To investigate the etiological characteristics and drug resistance of non-typhoid Salmonella isolated from stool samples of children under 5 years old with diarrhea in Henan Province. Methods:Intestinal bacteria were isolated from fecal samples of 4 250 diarrhea children under five years old in five monitoring sites in Henan Province from 2015 to 2018. Serotypes and drug sensitivity of Salmonella strains were analyzed. The annual change in drug resistance was analyzed by Chi-square test and all data were analyzed retrospectively. Results:The detection rate of non-typhoid Salmonella in fecal samples was 8.73% (371/4 250). The highest detection rate was in the 0-1 age group (51.75%) and the peak season for Salmonella infection was from May to October. The most common serotype was Salmonella enteritidis (36.93%), followed by 4, 5, 12: i: - Salmonella (14.82%) and Salmonella typhimurium (14.02%). The non-typhoid Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin and sulfamethoxazole with drug resistance rates of more than 80%, but more sensitive to ceftazidime, cefepime and cefoxitin. There were significant differences in drug resistance to cefepime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol and compound neoforman among the strains isolated in different years ( P<0.05). Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 86.52%. Conclusions:There was diversity in the serotypes of non-typhoid Salmonella in diarrheal children under five years old in Henan Province. The predominant serotype was Salmonella enteritidis. Drug resistance to common antibiotics was detected in the isolates, and most of them were multidrug-resistant.