Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Life science and medical research involving human beings cannot be separated from the support of research participants.The safety,health,and rights and interests of research participants are the primary considerations in clinical research,and their rights and interests include the right of compensation,privacy protection,health and so on.Protecting the compensation rights of research participants is a necessary responsibility of the research-related departments and personnel.Based on laws and regulations and literature review,and combined with practical experience,this paper made an in-depth discussion on compensation rights.It puts forward the types of compensation(conventional compensation,research-related damage compensation),compensation principles(necessity,timeliness,appropriateness,fairness),compensation elements(method,amount,plan,consent,notification,and reference of compensation),compensation under special circumstances(compensation for participants without or with limited informed consent ability and withdraw from the study midway),protection measures of compensation right(sponsor/contract research organizations,research institutions,research management departments,(main)researchers and research teams,ethics(review)committee).The compensation rights should be implemented to protect research participants.

Objective To systematically evaluate and integrate qualitative studies on the disease experience and demands of stroke aphasic patients during rehabilitation,and to provide references for the development of a rehabilitation care strategy oriented to the needs of poststroke aphasia patients.Methods Computer search of PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,CINAHL,China Knowledge Network,Wanfang database,and VIP Chinese biomedical journals was conducted for qualitative research on the illness experience and demands of poststroke aphasia patients during rehabilitation from the time of database construction to May 2023.The literature was evaluated using the Australian JBI Quality Evaluation Criteria for Qualitative Research in Evidence-based Health Care Centers(2016),and the results were consolidated using an aggregative integration approach.Results A total of 18 studies were included,and a total of 1 theoretical model and 70 themes were extracted and grouped to form 7 categories,which were combined into 3 integrated outcomes:poststroke aphasia is a traumatic life event;poststroke aphasia patients actively rebuild their lives;the demands of poststroke aphasia patients during rehabilitation.Conclusion Poststroke aphasia patients during rehabilitation face difficulties in life;medical professionals should stimulate patients'positive feelings,strive to promote patients'social integration and self-management,meet patients'multidimensional and diverse rehabilitation demands,and ultimately construct personalized rehabilitation management programs oriented to patients'demands with poststroke aphasia.

The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.

Objective:To explore the accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital model made by intraoral scanner.Methods:Twenty healthy subjects [6 males, 14 females, (24.4±1.4) years old] with intact dentition were randomly recruited from postgraduate students in Capital Medical University School of Stomatology who volunteered to participate in this study. For each participant, the 2nd and 3rd quadrant of natural dentition was scanned. A diagnostic test design was performed. The occlusal contacts of the maximal intercuspal position (MIP) were extracted with the transillumination of silicone interocclusal records, and the extraction threshold was set as ≤50 μm. Intraoral scanning system was used to scan in MIP and generate occlusal contacts on digital model. Five groups were designed as test groups according to included tooth position: group 1 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 21 to 23), group 2 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 23 to 26), group 3 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 24 to 26), group 4 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 25 to 26), group 5 (buccal scanning ranged from tooth 21 to 26). Five groups occlusal contacts on digital model were generated respectively. According to the relevant literature, the upper occlusal surface was divided into 28 partitions, and the accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital model was calculated with the transillumination of silicone interocclusal records as the reference standard. Subgroup analysis was performed according to anterior teeth area, premolars area and molars area.Results:The accuracy of occlusal contacts on digital models of the half dentition in five buccal scanning positions were: group 1 (86.8%), group 2 (92.0%), group 3 (90.7%), group 4 (91.1%), group 5 (90.4%), and the accuracy of occlusal contacts in group 1 was significantly lower than those in the other four groups ( P<0.05). The accuracy of anterior teeth area were 85.6%-93.9%; the accuracy of premolar area were 92.5%-94.4%; the accuracy of molar area were 77.3%-93.6%, group 1 was significantly lower than those in the group 4 in molars area ( P<0.05), the accuracy of anterior area was statistically less than premolars area and molars area in group 1 ( P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in pairwise comparison between the three sections ( P>0.05). Conclusions:The digital models scanned intraoral methods provide accurate, quantitative measures of occlusal contacts when transillumination contacts are the reference standard.

Objective To study the clinical effect of Self-made Sanjin-Weiwei decoction for patinets with upper urinary tract calculi after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Methods A total of 200 patients with upper urinary tract calculi after ESWL in our hospital from January 2015 to Octomber 2016 were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into the control group (n=100) and the treatment group (n=100) randomly. The control group were treated with conventional treatment after ESWL, and the treatment group were treated with conventional treatment plus the Self-made Sanjin-Weiwei decoction after ESWL,and the two groups were treated for 45 days. The clinical effects of both groups were compared. The first time average row stone time and renal colic average frequency of both groups after treatment was compared. The stone platoon net rate of both groups after 1 month, 2 months, 3 months were compared. The incidence of adverse reactions, like dry mouth, nausea, painful urination, blood in urine, of both groups during the treatment were compared. Results The total effect rate of the treatment group was 86.0%, significantly higher than 62.0% of the control group(χ 2=14.969,P<0.001).The first time average row stone time(4.18 ± 1.30 d vs.7.52 ± 2.08 d,t=13.617)and renal colic average frequency(0.67 ±0.21 vs.1.55 ±0.87,t=9.833)of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The stone platoon net rate of the treatment group after 1 month (93.0% vs.74.0%,χ 2=13.101),2 months(98.0% vs.82.0%,χ 2=14.222),3 months(100.0% vs.84.0%,χ 2=17.391)were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions (7.0% vs. 15.0%, χ2=4.735)of the treatment group were significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05).Conclusions The Self-made Sanjin-Weiwei decoction for patinets with upper urinary tract calculi after ESWL has a good effect and low incidence of adverse reactions, can reduce the renal colic and improve the stone platoon net rate.

Human 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) is a well-validated drug target and its inhibitors are potential drugs for treating leukotriene-related disorders. Our previous work on structural optimization of the hit compound 2 from our in-house collection identified two lead compounds, 3a and 3b, exhibiting a potent inhibitory profile against 5-LOX with IC50 values less than 1 µmol/L in cell-based assays. Here, we further optimized these compounds to prepare a class of novel pyrazole derivatives by opening the fused-ring system. Several new compounds exhibited more potent inhibitory activity than the lead compounds against 5-LOX. In particular, compound 4e not only suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in brain inflammatory cells and protected neurons from oxidative toxicity, but also significantly decreased infarct damage in a mouse model of cerebral ischemia. Molecular docking analysis further confirmed the consistency of our theoretical results and experimental data. In conclusion, the excellent in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities of these compounds against 5-LOX suggested that these novel chemical structures have a promising therapeutic potential to treat leukotriene-related disorders.

The clinical performance can only be evaluated when it comes to the last step in the conventional way of prosthesis.However,it often causes the failure because of the unconformity between the expectation and final performance.Resulting from this kind of situation,quality control based on the predictable results has been suggested.It is a new idea based on the way of reverse thinking,and focuses on the need of patient and puts the final performance of the prosthesis to the first place.With the prosthodontically driyen prodedure,dentists can complete the unification with the expectation and the final performance.

Objective To understand the effect of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in reducing deaths among patients co-infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB/HIV),and provide data-based evidence for improving ART in TB/HIV patients.Methods The information about TB patients who were HIV positive confirmed previously or recently in Guangxi were collected,and the TB/HIV patients were confirmed by using the related data from national AIDS prevention and treatment information system.Then a retrospective case control study was conducted to understand the survivals and deaths in the patients receiving ART or receiving no ART by using Kaplan-Meier method and estimate the ART protective rate within 1 year after TB treatment initiation.Results Among 519 TB/HIV patients,100 received ART (19.3％) ; Among 84 TB/HIV patients who died within 1 year after TB treatment,8 (9.5％) received ART,while 76 (90.5％) received no ART.Compared with the 18.7％ mortality rate in non-ART group,TB/HIV patients mortality rate in ART group was only 8.08％,the difference was statistical significant (P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that the survival rate in patients receiving ART was higher than that in patients receiving no ART within 1 year after TB treatment,the difference was statistical significant (Log-rank=4.96,P=0.02).Compared with patients receiving ART,the OR value was 2.31 times higher than that in patients receiving no ART; ART could protect 56.7％ of TB/HIV patients against death during the first year of anti-TB therapy.Conclusion In the first year of anti-TB therapy,the risk of death in TB/HIV patients receiving no ART was much higher than that in TB/HIV patients receiving ART,and the survival time was longer in the patients receiving ART.The ART coverage should be expanded in TB/HIV patients.

To explore how to create and optimize a promotion index system of medical quality evaluation, this article focuses on the hospital visiting process from patients, using analyzing collected those index system from couples of Grade Ⅲ hospitals in Beijing, and combining the results of literal study, field study and specialist consult, according to the different situation of general hospitals and specially hospitals, with the spirit of "maintaining the patients benefits, safeguarding the patients safety,and enhancing the medical quality", introduces the framework of the promotion index system, the rules to select the indicator, and so on, and discusses several problerns related to creating the index system.