Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective To investigate the CT performances and causes of misdiagnosis of parovarian cyst,to improve its diagnostic accuracy.Methods CT data of 75 patients with surgically and pathologically confirmed parovarian cyst were analyzed retrospectively. Results Among the 75 patients,there were 79 cysts,in which 48 patients (51 cysts)originated from the epoophoron and 27 patients (28 cysts) from the mesosalpinx.77 were simple serous cysts and 2 serous cystadenomas.38 were located in the right ovarian adnexa,36 in the left ovarian adnexa,3 in the anterosuperior uterus,1 in the rectouterine pouch and 1 in the right iliac fossa.The size of the cysts ranged from 10 mm × 13 mm to 174 mm × 227 mm.75 were single cysts and 4 double cysts,34 presented as ovoid cysts,25 as irregular cysts, 17 as round cysts and 3 as gourd-shaped cysts.All the 79 cysts showed clear boundaries,thin walls,non-mural nodules,cystic fluid with a homogeneous densitywith CT value of 0-31 HU.Enhanced scanning revealed curved “obvious enhancement of the fallopian tube”at the edge of 68 cysts.In addition,the ipsilateral ovary could be detected in 76 cysts.“Holding ball”was found in 1 9 cysts.Conclusion Indication in ipsilateral ovary,curved “obvious enhancement of the fallopian tube”at the edge of cysts and “holding ball”are distinctive CT performances of parovarian cysts.CT has an important diagnostic value in parovarian cyst.

Giant intracranial aneurysms refers to the diameter of aneurysms larger than 2.5 cm,which belongs to the complicated aneurysms,accounting for about 5％ ofintracranial aneurysms;rupture of the aneurysms leads to extremely high disability rate and fatality rate.At present,surgical treatment,endovascular treatment and new composite (hybrid) surgery are the three major surgical approaches.We summarize the treatment approaches to promote an update on treatment of such aneurysms and give understanding on the development and direction of aneurysm treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of methylprednisolone on T helper 17 cell (Th17 cells) related cytokines (interleukin (IL)-23,17A,21,22,6,and tansforming growth factor (TGF)-β) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis and their effects on the pathogenesis.Methods We recruited relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis group (38 patients)and noninflammatory neurological disease group (20 controls),and detected the levels of IL-23,IL-17A,IL-21,IL-22,TGF-β and IL-6 in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with ELISA kit in both controls and patients before and after treatment by methylprednisolone.Results After treatment in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients,IL-17A,IL-23,IL-21,and IL-22 levels in cerebrospinal fluid and serum were significantly decreased,however,they were still higher than that in the non-inflammatory neurological disease patients.TGF-β levels was significantly increased (serum:(17.2 ± 5.9) pg/ml vs (34.1 ± 6.5) pg/ml,t =14.351,P =0.000 ; CSF:(26.4 ± 4.7) pg/ml vs (73.2 ± 19.7) pg/ml,t =16.352,P =0.000).The levels of TGF-β in serum and CSF in patients before treatment were lower than those of in non-inflammatory neurological disease patients (serum:(30.2 ± 8.9) pg/ml,t =6.769,P =0.012 ; CSF:(3 1.4 ± 7.5) pg/ml,t =9.368,P =0.017).However,the levels of TGF-β in CSF in patients after treatment were significantly higher than those in non-inflammatory neurological disease patients (t =9.138,P =0.000).Correlation analysis showed that IL-23 and IL-17A were positive correlation in the serum of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients before treatment.Moreover,positive correlations among IL-23,IL-17A and IL-21 were detected in the CSF of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients before treatment.Conclusions Decreased levels of IL-23,IL-17A,IL-21 and IL-22,and elevated levels of TGF-β were detected in serum and CSF of patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis after methylprednisolone treatment.IL-23,IL-17A,IL-21,IL-22 and TGF-β might involve in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.

Objective To study the clinical curative effect of continuous intrathecal injec-tion of vancomycin controlled by microinjection pump in the treatment of intracranial infection. Methods 50 patients with intracranial infections from January 2009 to October 2012 were includ-ed in the research.22 patients treated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage from lumbar cistern and discontinuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin were in control group,and another 28 patients with continuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin by micropump were in the experimental group. Therapeutic effect was observed between the two groups.Results The patients in the control group improved more rapidly than those in the experimental group in the temperature,blood,cere-brospinal fluid and other observation index.Compared with the control group,the pain of lower back and leg,convulsions,headache and other side effects were significantly reduced in the experi-mental group.Conclusions Continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in lumbar cistern and mi-croinjection pump control continuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin is a safe and effective method to treat intracranial infection.

Objective To study the clinical curative effect of continuous intrathecal injec-tion of vancomycin controlled by microinjection pump in the treatment of intracranial infection. Methods 50 patients with intracranial infections from January 2009 to October 2012 were includ-ed in the research.22 patients treated with cerebrospinal fluid drainage from lumbar cistern and discontinuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin were in control group,and another 28 patients with continuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin by micropump were in the experimental group. Therapeutic effect was observed between the two groups.Results The patients in the control group improved more rapidly than those in the experimental group in the temperature,blood,cere-brospinal fluid and other observation index.Compared with the control group,the pain of lower back and leg,convulsions,headache and other side effects were significantly reduced in the experi-mental group.Conclusions Continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid in lumbar cistern and mi-croinjection pump control continuous intrathecal injection of vancomycin is a safe and effective method to treat intracranial infection.

Objective To explore the relations of morphologies of intracranial tiny aneurysms with gender,age,hypertension and aneurysm lesions of the patients.Methods A retrospective analysis of clinical data of 112 patients with intracranial tiny aneurysms,admitted to our hospital from January 2009 to December 2012,was performed; according to the aneurysm morphologies,these patients were divided into regular-shape and irregular-shape groups (n=56).The influences of age,gender,hypertension and aneurysm lesions of the patients in aneurysm morphologies were analyzed.Results Gender,age and hypertension were not the independent influence factors of aneurysm morphologies,while aneurysm lesions could significantly affect the aneurysm morphologies,being the independent influence factor of aneurysm morphologies (P=0.005).In the comparison of different distributions of tiny aneurysms,the intemal carotid artery and vertebral basilar artery had less irregular aneurysms than anterior communicating artery; the morphologies of small aneurysms in the anterior cerebral artery,posterior communicating artery and middle cerebral artery showed no significant differences as compared with those in the anterior communicating artery,which tended to having irregular shapes.Conclusion The aneurysm lesions are related to the aneurysm morphologies; anterior communicating artery is prone to having irregular-shape aneurysms.

To explore how to create and optimize a promotion index system of medical quality evaluation, this article focuses on the hospital visiting process from patients, using analyzing collected those index system from couples of Grade Ⅲ hospitals in Beijing, and combining the results of literal study, field study and specialist consult, according to the different situation of general hospitals and specially hospitals, with the spirit of "maintaining the patients benefits, safeguarding the patients safety,and enhancing the medical quality", introduces the framework of the promotion index system, the rules to select the indicator, and so on, and discusses several problerns related to creating the index system.

Objective　To detect the genetic relationship between monoamine oxidase(MAO) A type gene and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) in Chinese. Methods　 The haplotype-based haplotype relative risk(HHRR) and the transmission disequilibrium test(TDT) methods were used to analyze the genetic association and linkage in 60 ADHD children and their parents. Results　 In this sample were found significant association (χ2=4.90, P<0.05) and linkage (χ2=4.84, P<0.05) between the MAOCA 114bp allele and DSM-III-R-diagnosed ADHD in trios composed of father, mother and affected offspring. Conclusion　 The above results suggested that ADHD was associated and in linkage with MAO A gene, and the susceptibility loci might reside in chromosome Xp11 for ADHD.