This review explores the current status and future potential of digital therapeutics (DTx), emphasizing their role in clinical practice. It focuses on clarifying their classification, clinical applications, regulatory challenges, and prospective developments in the field.Current Concepts: Digital therapeutics are evidence-based interventions delivered via software to prevent, manage, and treat medical conditions. Unlike traditional pharmacotherapy, DTx products can be updated and modified, offering greater flexibility in treatment delivery. They are categorized into behavior-modification, physiological-modulation, and disease-management types, and are primarily applied to chronic conditions and neuropsychological disorders. Global regulatory frameworks are rapidly evolving to accommodate this burgeoning field.Discussion and Conclusion: Digital therapeutics offer significant advantages over traditional pharmacotherapy, such as lower development costs, personalized treatment options, and improved accessibility. These innovations have the potential to transform healthcare by complementing existing therapies and enabling data-driven, individualized care. However, several key challenges must be addressed for widespread adoption. Patient adherence remains inconsistent, particularly in longterm treatments, which can limit clinical effectiveness. In addition, underdeveloped reimbursement policies create economic uncertainty, and ongoing concerns regarding data security and privacy pose persistent risks. As technology advances, digital therapeutics are poised to enhance clinical outcomes, expand access to care, and transform traditional healthcare models, ultimately driving innovation in modern medicine.

This review explores the current status and future potential of digital therapeutics (DTx), emphasizing their role in clinical practice. It focuses on clarifying their classification, clinical applications, regulatory challenges, and prospective developments in the field.Current Concepts: Digital therapeutics are evidence-based interventions delivered via software to prevent, manage, and treat medical conditions. Unlike traditional pharmacotherapy, DTx products can be updated and modified, offering greater flexibility in treatment delivery. They are categorized into behavior-modification, physiological-modulation, and disease-management types, and are primarily applied to chronic conditions and neuropsychological disorders. Global regulatory frameworks are rapidly evolving to accommodate this burgeoning field.Discussion and Conclusion: Digital therapeutics offer significant advantages over traditional pharmacotherapy, such as lower development costs, personalized treatment options, and improved accessibility. These innovations have the potential to transform healthcare by complementing existing therapies and enabling data-driven, individualized care. However, several key challenges must be addressed for widespread adoption. Patient adherence remains inconsistent, particularly in longterm treatments, which can limit clinical effectiveness. In addition, underdeveloped reimbursement policies create economic uncertainty, and ongoing concerns regarding data security and privacy pose persistent risks. As technology advances, digital therapeutics are poised to enhance clinical outcomes, expand access to care, and transform traditional healthcare models, ultimately driving innovation in modern medicine.

This review explores the current status and future potential of digital therapeutics (DTx), emphasizing their role in clinical practice. It focuses on clarifying their classification, clinical applications, regulatory challenges, and prospective developments in the field.Current Concepts: Digital therapeutics are evidence-based interventions delivered via software to prevent, manage, and treat medical conditions. Unlike traditional pharmacotherapy, DTx products can be updated and modified, offering greater flexibility in treatment delivery. They are categorized into behavior-modification, physiological-modulation, and disease-management types, and are primarily applied to chronic conditions and neuropsychological disorders. Global regulatory frameworks are rapidly evolving to accommodate this burgeoning field.Discussion and Conclusion: Digital therapeutics offer significant advantages over traditional pharmacotherapy, such as lower development costs, personalized treatment options, and improved accessibility. These innovations have the potential to transform healthcare by complementing existing therapies and enabling data-driven, individualized care. However, several key challenges must be addressed for widespread adoption. Patient adherence remains inconsistent, particularly in longterm treatments, which can limit clinical effectiveness. In addition, underdeveloped reimbursement policies create economic uncertainty, and ongoing concerns regarding data security and privacy pose persistent risks. As technology advances, digital therapeutics are poised to enhance clinical outcomes, expand access to care, and transform traditional healthcare models, ultimately driving innovation in modern medicine.

In light of the burgeoning successes of cancer immunotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains refractory due to an immunosuppressive microenvironment originating from its molecular heterogeneity. Thus, identifying promising therapeutic targets for treating GBM and discovering methodologies to effectively regulate them is still a tremendous challenge. Here we describe photodynamic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) proteolysis mediated by a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) nanoassembly. The PTP1B-targeting PROTAC is conjugated with a photosensitizer via a cathepsin B (Cat B)-cleavable peptide, which spontaneously forms nanoassemblies due to intermolecular π-π stacking interactions. In GBM models, PROTAC nanoassemblies significantly accumulate in the tumor region across the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), triggering a burst release of the photosensitizer and active PROTAC by Cat B-mediated enzymatic cleavage. Upon laser irradiation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) synergizes with PROTAC-mediated PTP1B proteolysis to induce potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. Subsequently, persistent PTP1B degradation by nanoassemblies in Cat B-overexpressed intratumoral T cells downregulates exhaustion markers, reinvigorating their functionality. These sequential processes of photodynamic PTP1B proteolysis ultimately augment T cell-mediated antitumor immunity as well as protective immunity, completely eradicating the primary GBM and preventing its recurrence. Overall, our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of combining PDT with PROTAC activity for GBM immunotherapy.

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.

Purpose: Providing continuous self-care support to the growing diabetes population is challenging. Strategies are needed to enhance engagement in self-care, utilizing innovative technologies for personalized feedback. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of the Automated Personalized Self-Care program among type 2 diabetes patients and evaluate its preliminary effectiveness. Methods: A parallel randomized pilot trial with qualitative interviews occurred from May 3, 2022, to September 27, 2022. Participants aged 40e69 years with type 2 diabetes and HbA1c ! 7.0% were recruited. The three-month program involved automated personalized goal setting, education, monitoring, and feedback. Feasibility was measured by participants' engagement and intervention usability. Preliminary effectiveness was examined through self-care self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and health outcomes. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the intervention group. Results: A total of 404 patients were screened. Out of the 61 eligible patients, 32 were enrolled, resulting in a recruitment rate of 52.5%. Retention rates at three months were 84.2% and 84.6% in the intervention and control groups, respectively. Among the intervention group, 81.3% satisfied adherence criteria.Mobile application's usability scored 66.25, and participants' satisfaction was 8.06. Intention-to-treat analysis showed improvements in self-measured blood glucose testing, grain intake, and HbA1c in the intervention group. Qualitative content analysis identified nine themes. Conclusion Feasibility of the program was verified. A larger randomized controlled trial is needed to determine its effectiveness in self-care self-efficacy, self-care behaviors, and health outcomes among type 2 diabetes patients. This study offers insights for optimizing future trials assessing clinical effectiveness.

Purpose: Following the withdrawal of propacetamol in Europe owing to safety issues, the regulatory authority of South Korea requested a post-marketing surveillance study to investigate its safety profile. Materials and Methods: We conducted nested case-control and case-time-control (CTC) analyses of cases and controls identified for outcomes of interest, including anaphylaxis, thrombosis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS), using the claims database of South Korea, 2010–2019. Risk-set sampling was used to match each case with up to 10 controls for age, sex, cohort entry date, and follow-up duration. Exposure to anaphylaxis, thrombosis, and SJS was assessed within 7, 90, and 30 days of the index date, respectively. We calculated odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using conditional logistic regression to assess the risk of outcomes associated with propacetamol. Results: We identified cases of anaphylaxis (n=61), thrombosis (n=95), and SJS (n=1) and matched them to controls (173, 268, and 4, respectively). In the nested case-control analysis, the ORs for anaphylaxis and SJS were inestimable given the small number of propacetamol users during the risk period; meanwhile, the OR for thrombosis was 1.60 (95% CI 0.71–3.62). In the CTC design, the effect estimate was only estimated for thrombosis (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.09–3.47). Conclusion In both nested case-control and CTC analyses, propacetamol was not associated with an increased risk of anaphylaxis, thrombosis, or SJS. The findings from this study, which used routinely collected clinical data, provide reassuring real-world evidence regarding the safety of propacetamol in a nationwide population to support regulatory decision-making.