In light of the burgeoning successes of cancer immunotherapy, glioblastoma (GBM) remains refractory due to an immunosuppressive microenvironment originating from its molecular heterogeneity. Thus, identifying promising therapeutic targets for treating GBM and discovering methodologies to effectively regulate them is still a tremendous challenge. Here we describe photodynamic protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) proteolysis mediated by a proteolysis-targeting chimera (PROTAC) nanoassembly. The PTP1B-targeting PROTAC is conjugated with a photosensitizer via a cathepsin B (Cat B)-cleavable peptide, which spontaneously forms nanoassemblies due to intermolecular π-π stacking interactions. In GBM models, PROTAC nanoassemblies significantly accumulate in the tumor region across the disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB), triggering a burst release of the photosensitizer and active PROTAC by Cat B-mediated enzymatic cleavage. Upon laser irradiation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) synergizes with PROTAC-mediated PTP1B proteolysis to induce potent immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells. Subsequently, persistent PTP1B degradation by nanoassemblies in Cat B-overexpressed intratumoral T cells downregulates exhaustion markers, reinvigorating their functionality. These sequential processes of photodynamic PTP1B proteolysis ultimately augment T cell-mediated antitumor immunity as well as protective immunity, completely eradicating the primary GBM and preventing its recurrence. Overall, our findings underscore the therapeutic potential of combining PDT with PROTAC activity for GBM immunotherapy.

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.

Purpose: This study investigated the impacts of disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experience on the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 127 colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy from June 2023 to November 2023. The collected data were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression analysis in SPSS 26. Results: The participants' occupation (β=.14, p=.002), religion (β=.11, p=.018), disease perception (β=-.24, p<.001), stigma (β=-.12, p=.028), distress (β=-.44, p<.001), and physical symptom experience (β=-.16, p=.004) were significant factors influencing the quality of life of colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, and the explanatory power of the model was found to be 78%. Conclusion The results of this study suggest the need to prepare various intervention strategies to comprehensively manage disease perception, stigma, distress, and physical symptom experiences in colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, thereby improving their quality of life.

Purpose: This study implemented an electronic medical record (EMR) training program for nursing students and aimed to confirm its effectiveness. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The participants were 42 sophomore nursing students enrolled in a fundamental nursing course (experimental group: n=21, control group n=21). The EMR training program consisted of 6 sessions, taught over 5 weeks. Data were collected between April 23 and July 14, 2023, and were analyzed using the x2 test, Fisher exact test, t-test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Mann-Whitney U test with SPSS for Windows version 24.0. Results: Significant differences were shown between the experimental and control groups regarding self-directed learning ability (t=2.22, p=.032), problem-solving ability (t=2.34, p=.026), practice satisfaction (U=136.00, p=.016) and EMR competency (U=101.50, p=.001). Conclusion The EMR training program effectively improved nursing students’ self-directed learning ability, problem-solving ability, practice satisfaction, and EMR competency. Therefore, developing and applying EMR-related content can enhance nursing student’s awareness of EMR systems is recommended.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand the actual status of fundamentals of nursing practice (FNP) education at nursing colleges, and the difficulties of FNP operation in the early stages of the COVID-19. Methods: This study used a descriptive design. Data collection was conducted from December 9, 2020 to January 31, 2021 using the self-report questionnaire method for a total of 95 nursing colleges. The questionnaire consisted of characteristics related to FNP, changes in FNP education, difficulties in operating FNP, and countermeasures in the COVID-19 situation. Results: Changes in FNP due to COVID-19 were distribution of practice places, reduction of the number of students, short-term intensive classes, and reduction of face-to-face practice. Most colleges conducted FNP face-to-face, but some schools showed that FNP was conducted non-face-to-face. The difficulties of operating FNP that instructors experienced induced concerns about a decrease in student competency due to lack of face-to-face practice and an unofficial increase in the number of teaching hours and physical demands on instructors due to the expansion of the division. Conclusion In order to develop the capabilities of nursing students in other pandemic situations in the future, it is necessary to find systematic coping strategy to reduce the burden of FNP instructors, and to develop non-face-to-face online practice contents and consumables for online practice.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of risk for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD risk), social stigma, and social support on the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors. Methods: Data were collected from 180 survivors who were discharged from hospital for COVID-19 from September 1 to December 31, 2021. Structured questionnaires were used to assess variables. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 27.0, with independent t-test, one way analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, and hierarchial multiple regression. Results: Subjects' quality of life was correlated with PTSD risk (r=-.52, p<.001), social stigma (r=-.16, p=.029), and social support (r=.26, p=.001). The Factors influencing the quality of life were gender (β=.26, p=.001), occupation (β=-.24, p=.001), PTSD risk (β=-.48, p<.001), social support (β=.19, p=.004), and explanatory power were approximately 37% (F=14.03, p<.001). Conclusion This study found that PTSD risk in COVID-19 survivors lowered their quality of life, and social support increased their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to develop various intervention programs to improve the quality of life of COVID-19 survivors by reducing PTSD risk and provide a social support system.

Mass vaccination with the Pfizer-BioNTech coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine (BNT162b2) in Korea has resulted in many reported adverse effects. These side effects are the object of much scrutiny in the medical community. We report the case of a 29-year-old male who was diagnosed with myopericarditis after his second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. This patient is the second recognized case of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine induced myopericarditis in Korea and the first to have recovered from it. He originally presented with chest discomfort and exertional chest pain. Lab tests revealed elevated cardiac marker levels and echocardiographic findings displayed minimal pericardial effusion, prompting diagnosis as myopericarditis. We decided on two weeks of outpatient treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) due to the patient's mild symptoms and his occupation in the military. When this proved insufficient, we shifted to combination therapy with low dose corticosteroids and NSAIDs. After two weeks of treatment, the patient's symptoms and pericardial effusion had improved, and he was recovered completely 37 days after the onset.

Objective: To explore the perception of drug utilization review (DUR) system and DUR modernization pilot project among healthcare professionals and patients. Methods: We conducted 8 times of focus group interviews (FGI) between August 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. The healthcare professionals and patients who participated in the DUR modernization pilot project were included in the present study. Based on the type of project participation or medical institution, the participants were divided into the following four groups: group 1, hospital; group 2, clinic; group 3, pharmacy; and group 4, patient. Within each group, interviews were conducted under a pre-defined agenda to identify the implicit perceptions of the participants; the contents of the interviews were, then, categorized. Results: Healthcare professionals established a consensus on the positive aspects of the DUR system and DUR modernization pilot project. However, substantial concerns remain, such as additional workload associated with monitoring adverse events or acquiring consents from patients. Furthermore, a difference of opinion over the DUR convenience system was observed. Among 3 DUR convenience system, the personal medication history review service was highly utilized, but pop-up hold function and communication system was rarely used. Conclusion We observed that systematic intervention using the DUR system is effective for both healthcare providers and consumers. Adverse events caused by inappropriate drug use can be prevented by continuous patient monitoring. Therefore, the role of DUR system needs to be expanded to establish a safe drug management system.

Objective: To explore the perception of drug utilization review (DUR) system and DUR modernization pilot project among healthcare professionals and patients. Methods: We conducted 8 times of focus group interviews (FGI) between August 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. The healthcare professionals and patients who participated in the DUR modernization pilot project were included in the present study. Based on the type of project participation or medical institution, the participants were divided into the following four groups: group 1, hospital; group 2, clinic; group 3, pharmacy; and group 4, patient. Within each group, interviews were conducted under a pre-defined agenda to identify the implicit perceptions of the participants; the contents of the interviews were, then, categorized. Results: Healthcare professionals established a consensus on the positive aspects of the DUR system and DUR modernization pilot project. However, substantial concerns remain, such as additional workload associated with monitoring adverse events or acquiring consents from patients. Furthermore, a difference of opinion over the DUR convenience system was observed. Among 3 DUR convenience system, the personal medication history review service was highly utilized, but pop-up hold function and communication system was rarely used. Conclusion We observed that systematic intervention using the DUR system is effective for both healthcare providers and consumers. Adverse events caused by inappropriate drug use can be prevented by continuous patient monitoring. Therefore, the role of DUR system needs to be expanded to establish a safe drug management system.