A 73-year-old male patient with right lung squamous cell carcinoma developed edema of bilateral lower limbs, poor appetite, and oliguria after targeted treatment with afatinib 30 mg once daily orally for 80 days. The laboratory tests showed serum creatinine 658 mmol/L, blood urea 26.8 mmol/L, urine protein (++++), and urine occult blood (+++). Renal biopsy showed renal tubular injury, some cells appearing as crescents, and mild IgA deposition. Acute kidney failure was diagnosed, which was considered to be caused by afatinib. Afatinib was stopped and symptomatic treatments including hemodialysis, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, diuretics, etc. were given. Twelve days later, the edema in both lower limbs was alleviated;19 days later, his daily urine volume was approximately 800 ml; 99 days later, his renal function indicators tended to be normal. The patient did not receive targeted treatment again.

A 73-year-old male patient with right lung squamous cell carcinoma developed edema of bilateral lower limbs, poor appetite, and oliguria after targeted treatment with afatinib 30 mg once daily orally for 80 days. The laboratory tests showed serum creatinine 658 mmol/L, blood urea 26.8 mmol/L, urine protein (++++), and urine occult blood (+++). Renal biopsy showed renal tubular injury, some cells appearing as crescents, and mild IgA deposition. Acute kidney failure was diagnosed, which was considered to be caused by afatinib. Afatinib was stopped and symptomatic treatments including hemodialysis, glucocorticoids, anticoagulants, diuretics, etc. were given. Twelve days later, the edema in both lower limbs was alleviated;19 days later, his daily urine volume was approximately 800 ml; 99 days later, his renal function indicators tended to be normal. The patient did not receive targeted treatment again.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between serum lipid levels and diabetic nephropathy in patients with type 2 di-abetic mellitus.Methods:A total of 240 patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus from Jun 2011 to Jul 2013 were enrolled.There were 100 patients with diabetic nephropathy and 140 patients without any complication.Gender,age,duration of diabetes, baseline fasting glucose,glycosylated hemoglobin and serum lipid were compared between the two groups.The odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI)of correlation between these factors and diabetic nephropathy were calculated and analyzed with Logistic regression model.Results:The differences of age,duration of diabetes,systolic pressure between the two groups were statistically significant(P <0.01).Adjusted Logistic regression model showed that age> 70(OR= 2.92,95% CI:1.31-6.51),duration of diabetes>10 years(OR=3.33,95%CI:1.79-6.16),diastolic pressure>90 mmHg(OR=2.23,95%CI:1.06-4.69),and low density lipoprotein>3.64 mmol/L(OR=2.85,95%CI:1.16-7.03)were independent risk factors for type 2 Dia-betic Mellitus complicated by diabetic nephropathy(P <0.01 and 0.05).Conclusions:Low density lipoprotein has the potential to be a predictive,prophylactic and therapeutic target for diabetic nephropathy.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. So far, there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs. There are multiple cell signaling cascades, some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious. The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state. Protein phosphorylation, which is mediated by enzymes, called protein kinases, is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals. Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers. By now, there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases. The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs. Here, we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.

Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the world.So far,there has been substantial progress toward understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of CVDs.There are multiple cell signaling cascades,some of which are beneficial or compensatory and others deleterious.The balance between these pathways determines the outcome as a diseased or non-diseased state.Protein phosphorylation,which is mediated by enzymes,called protein kinases,is a major mechanism for transducing external stimuli into intracellular signals.Electively targeting of signaling pathways using protein kinase inhibitors would have a potential advantage over receptor blockers.By now,there are types of protein kinase inhibitiors available for treating several diseases.The success of kinase inhibitors in cancer treatment has strongly supported application in the treatment of CVDs.Here,we will review several kinds of protein kinases as potential targets for CVDs and some difficulty in identifying a protein kinase as a putative therapeutic target for CVDs.