Objective : To explore the value of combined indicators of prognostic nutritional index ( PNI) ，nutri- tional risk screening 2002 scale ( NRS2002 ) ，body mass index ( BMI) ，monocyte / lymphocyte ratio ( MLR) ， platelet / lymphocyte ratio ( PLR) ，and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio ( NLR) in evaluating the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis ( PTB) ． Methods : A total of 175 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were selected as the study group，and 175 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group．According to the range of lung lesions，the patients were divided into mild to moderate group ( ＜3 lung fields，n = 110) and severe group ( ≥3 lung fields，n = 65) ，PNI，NRS2002，BMI and peripheral blood MLR , PLR and NLR levels were compared between the two groups．Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze their correlation with the severity of the disease．A multivariate logistic regression model was established．A nomo- gram was drawn，and the efficiency of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve， calibration curve，decision curve． Results: The PNI，BMI，peripheral blood lymphocyte and albumin levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group ( P＜0. 05) ，while the MLR , PLR and NLR levels were sig- nificantly higher than those in the control group ( P＜0. 05) ．The NRS2002，MLR , PLR and NLR levels in the se- vere group were higher than those in the mild and moderate group ( P＜0. 05) ，while the PNI and BMI levels were lower than those in the mild and moderate group ( P＜0. 05) ．NRS2002 and peripheral blood MLR , PLR and NLR levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were positively correlated with the severity of the disease ( r = 0. 250， 0. 509，0. 431 and 0. 488) ．PNI and BMI were negatively correlated with the severity of the disease ( r = －0. 516， - 0. 231) ．Multivariate Logistic regression showed that NRS2002 and NLR were independent risk factors for severe disease，while PNI was a protective factor．The areas under the curve ( AUC) of NRS2002，NLR , PNI，and com- bined detection for evaluating the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis were 0. 692，0. 777，0. 786，and 0. 860，re- spectively，the sensitivity of the combined prediction was 81. 54% and the specificity was 76. 36%．The combined detection had better evaluation efficiency for severe pulmonary tuberculosis than the single indicator ( P ＜0. 05) ． Conclusion NRS2002 and NLR are independent risk factors for severe disease，while PNI is a protective factor． The combined detection model has a good fit，which can improve the evaluation efficiency and has potential for clin- ical application．

Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, leading to increased fragility. Buqi-Tongluo (BQTL) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has yet to be fully evaluated for its potential in treating bone diseases such as osteoporosis. To investigate the mechanism by which BQTL decoction inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and validate these findings through in vivo experiments. We employed MTS assays to assess the potential proliferative or toxic effects of BQTL on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) at various concentrations. TRAcP experiments were conducted to examine BQTL's impact on osteoclast differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were utilized to evaluate the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins under BQTL stimulation. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed using an osteoporosis model to further validate the in vitro findings. This study revealed that BQTL suppressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorption activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without observable cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of BQTL on osteoclast formation and function were attributed to the downregulation of NFATc1 and c-fos activity, primarily through attenuation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and Calcineurin signaling pathways. BQTL's inhibitory capacity was further examined in vivo using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, demonstrating a strong protective effect against bone loss. BQTL may serve as an effective therapeutic TCM for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the alleviation of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and related conditions.
Animals ; NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Ovariectomy ; Osteoclasts/metabolism* ; Female ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Osteoporosis/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Bone Resorption/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Humans ; RANK Ligand/metabolism* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Transcription Factors

Objective To analyze the medical resource consumption of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients in different groups of disease diagnosis-related grouping(DRG)based on the DRG payment model,provide reference for optimizing prevention and control of HAI as well as resource management.Methods Medical records and DRG-related indicators of discharged patients from a municipal hospital in Sichuan Province from January 1 to December 31,2024 were analyzed retrospectively.Medical resource consumption of patients in HAI group and non-HAI group was compared.Differences in average length of hospital stay and average expense per hospitalization be-tween two groups of patients were analyzed using stratified analysis.Results In 2024,HAI incidence of discharged patients in DRG management in this hospital was 1.57％.There were statistically significant differences in age,gender,admission and discharge ways between the HAI group and the non-HAI group(all P＜0.05).The main HAI sites were lower respiratory tract,surgical site,urinary tract,and blood.The time consumption index(1.63 vs 0.85),average length of hospital stay(21.00 vs 5.00 days),expense consumption index(1.53 vs 0.92),ave-rage expense per hospitalization(44 700 vs 7 300),and multiple expense in HAI group were all higher than those in non-HAI group(all P＜0.05).The consumption of medical resources for bloodstream infection was relatively higher.Patients with HAI were mostly concentrated in the groups related to acute leukemia with major complications or co-morbidities(MCC),intracranial or craniotomy surgery with MCC,tracheotomy with mechanical ventilation for 96 hours,as well as gastric,esophageal,and duodenal surgery.The average length of hospital stay and average ex-pense per hospitalization of patients in HAI group were both higher than those in the non-HAI group,differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).Conclusion HAI significantly increase the consumption of medical resources.Based on DRG analysis,key disease groups for infection prevention and control can be further identified,and the consumption of medical resources can be more accurately and precisely evaluated,thereby optimizing the allocation of medical resources and improving hospital operational efficiency.

OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC fingerprints of three drying processes(Atmospheric pressure drying,Decompression drying,Freeze-drying)of Danggui Buxue granules,and combine them with antioxidant tests to determine the optimal drying process and main active components of Danggui Buxue granules.METHODS The fingerprints of multiple batches of Danggui Buxue granules were established by HPLC;the"Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatogram"was used to evaluate the similarity;Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were used to characterize the different drying processes of Danggui Buxue granules;evaluate the antioxidant activity of Danggui Buxue granules in different drying processes using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy(DPPH)and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)free radical scavenging method;the spectrum-effect relationship between Danggui Buxue granules fingerprint and antioxi-dant activity was analyzed by grey correlation degree and Pearson,Spearman,Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis methods.RE-SULTS The results of fingerprint showed that there were 16 common peaks in 30 batches of Danggui Buxue granules,and 6 of them were identified by comparison.The results of Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis showed that 30 batches of Danggui buxue granules were divided into 3 categories,and the difference between the groups of atmospheric pressure drying was the least.The results of oxidation test showed that different drying processes of Danggui Buxue granules had good antioxidant activity,and the atmos-pheric pressure drying had the lowest IC50 and the strongest antioxidant activity.Finally,combining the results of gray correlation anal-ysis and correlation analysis,the compounds F2,F10,F13(calycosin),F15(formononetin),F16 might be important characteristic peaks reflecting the antioxidant activity of Danggui Buxue granules.CONCLUSION Compared with other drying processes,atmos-pheric pressure drying has higher batch consistency and stronger antioxidant activity,and can be used as the preferred drying process for Danggui Buxue granules,and components 2,10,13,15 and 16 are the main active ingredients for Danggui Buxue granules to exert antioxidant effects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of demethylzeylasteral(Dem)in ulcerative colitis(UC)and collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),focusing on its regulation of Th17 cell differentiation and associated signaling pathways.METHODS UC was induced in C57BL/6 mice using dextran sulfate sodium(DSS),and Dem was administered by gavage at low(1 mg·kg-1)or high(2 mg·kg-1)doses.Disease severity was assessed by body weight loss,colon length,and stool consisten-cy.Serum cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6)were quantified by ELISA,and Th17 cell ratio in mesenteric lymph nodes was deter-mined by flow cytometry.The anti-inflammatory efficacy of Dem was further validated using a CIA mouse model.The efficacy of Dem was further verified in the CIA model,and the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 was intervened by siRNA to investigate its mechanism of action in Th17 differentiation.RESULTS Dem-treated mice showed reduced weight loss and colon shortening,and decreases in ser-um TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01)and Th17 cell proportion(P<0.01).Western blot and siRNA assays showed that Dem significantly inhibited the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of the JAK2-STAT3 path-way.Dem also significantly alleviated arthritis symptoms and related markers in the CIA model,confirming its anti-inflammatory effects.CONCLUSION Dem improves UC and rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway,inhibi-ting Th17 cell differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression,suggesting its potential therapeutic value in immune-related diseases.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.

OBJECTIVE To establish HPLC fingerprints of three drying processes(Atmospheric pressure drying,Decompression drying,Freeze-drying)of Danggui Buxue granules,and combine them with antioxidant tests to determine the optimal drying process and main active components of Danggui Buxue granules.METHODS The fingerprints of multiple batches of Danggui Buxue granules were established by HPLC;the"Fingerprint Similarity Evaluation System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chromatogram"was used to evaluate the similarity;Hierarchical Cluster Analysis(HCA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were used to characterize the different drying processes of Danggui Buxue granules;evaluate the antioxidant activity of Danggui Buxue granules in different drying processes using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy(DPPH)and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)free radical scavenging method;the spectrum-effect relationship between Danggui Buxue granules fingerprint and antioxi-dant activity was analyzed by grey correlation degree and Pearson,Spearman,Kendall's tau-b correlation analysis methods.RE-SULTS The results of fingerprint showed that there were 16 common peaks in 30 batches of Danggui Buxue granules,and 6 of them were identified by comparison.The results of Cluster Analysis and Principal Component Analysis showed that 30 batches of Danggui buxue granules were divided into 3 categories,and the difference between the groups of atmospheric pressure drying was the least.The results of oxidation test showed that different drying processes of Danggui Buxue granules had good antioxidant activity,and the atmos-pheric pressure drying had the lowest IC50 and the strongest antioxidant activity.Finally,combining the results of gray correlation anal-ysis and correlation analysis,the compounds F2,F10,F13(calycosin),F15(formononetin),F16 might be important characteristic peaks reflecting the antioxidant activity of Danggui Buxue granules.CONCLUSION Compared with other drying processes,atmos-pheric pressure drying has higher batch consistency and stronger antioxidant activity,and can be used as the preferred drying process for Danggui Buxue granules,and components 2,10,13,15 and 16 are the main active ingredients for Danggui Buxue granules to exert antioxidant effects.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of demethylzeylasteral(Dem)in ulcerative colitis(UC)and collagen-induced arthritis(CIA),focusing on its regulation of Th17 cell differentiation and associated signaling pathways.METHODS UC was induced in C57BL/6 mice using dextran sulfate sodium(DSS),and Dem was administered by gavage at low(1 mg·kg-1)or high(2 mg·kg-1)doses.Disease severity was assessed by body weight loss,colon length,and stool consisten-cy.Serum cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6)were quantified by ELISA,and Th17 cell ratio in mesenteric lymph nodes was deter-mined by flow cytometry.The anti-inflammatory efficacy of Dem was further validated using a CIA mouse model.The efficacy of Dem was further verified in the CIA model,and the expression of JAK2 and STAT3 was intervened by siRNA to investigate its mechanism of action in Th17 differentiation.RESULTS Dem-treated mice showed reduced weight loss and colon shortening,and decreases in ser-um TNF-α,IL-1β,and IL-6 levels(P<0.01)and Th17 cell proportion(P<0.01).Western blot and siRNA assays showed that Dem significantly inhibited the differentiation and activation of Th17 cells by suppressing the phosphorylation of the JAK2-STAT3 path-way.Dem also significantly alleviated arthritis symptoms and related markers in the CIA model,confirming its anti-inflammatory effects.CONCLUSION Dem improves UC and rheumatoid arthritis by downregulating the JAK2-STAT3 signaling pathway,inhibi-ting Th17 cell differentiation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression,suggesting its potential therapeutic value in immune-related diseases.

Objective To analyze the medical resource consumption of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in patients in different groups of disease diagnosis-related grouping(DRG)based on the DRG payment model,provide reference for optimizing prevention and control of HAI as well as resource management.Methods Medical records and DRG-related indicators of discharged patients from a municipal hospital in Sichuan Province from January 1 to December 31,2024 were analyzed retrospectively.Medical resource consumption of patients in HAI group and non-HAI group was compared.Differences in average length of hospital stay and average expense per hospitalization be-tween two groups of patients were analyzed using stratified analysis.Results In 2024,HAI incidence of discharged patients in DRG management in this hospital was 1.57％.There were statistically significant differences in age,gender,admission and discharge ways between the HAI group and the non-HAI group(all P＜0.05).The main HAI sites were lower respiratory tract,surgical site,urinary tract,and blood.The time consumption index(1.63 vs 0.85),average length of hospital stay(21.00 vs 5.00 days),expense consumption index(1.53 vs 0.92),ave-rage expense per hospitalization(44 700 vs 7 300),and multiple expense in HAI group were all higher than those in non-HAI group(all P＜0.05).The consumption of medical resources for bloodstream infection was relatively higher.Patients with HAI were mostly concentrated in the groups related to acute leukemia with major complications or co-morbidities(MCC),intracranial or craniotomy surgery with MCC,tracheotomy with mechanical ventilation for 96 hours,as well as gastric,esophageal,and duodenal surgery.The average length of hospital stay and average ex-pense per hospitalization of patients in HAI group were both higher than those in the non-HAI group,differences were statistically significant(both P＜0.05).Conclusion HAI significantly increase the consumption of medical resources.Based on DRG analysis,key disease groups for infection prevention and control can be further identified,and the consumption of medical resources can be more accurately and precisely evaluated,thereby optimizing the allocation of medical resources and improving hospital operational efficiency.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.