Objective:To understand the development status of maternal and child health care institutions in China from 2012 to 2022, identify the challenges they face, and provide references for further promoting the high-quality development of these institutions.Methods:Data from the China Health Statistics Yearbook (2013—2015), China Health and Family Planning Statistics Yearbook (2016—2017), and China Health and Wellness Statistics Yearbook (2018—2023) were used. Descriptive analysis was conducted on the data related to resource allocation and utilization efficiency, service provision, income and expenditure structure, and operational status of maternal and child health care institutions in China from 2012 to 2022, using methods such as fixed-base growth rate, year-on-year growth rate, and average annual growth rate. Results:From 2012 to 2022, the number of maternal and child health care institutions in China decreased from 3 044 to 3 031. In terms of resource allocation, the average annual growth rates of bed numbers and business-use floor area were 5.404% and 10.923%, respectively, while the average annual growth rate of health professionals was 7.183%. Regarding service provision, the average annual growth rates of outpatient visits and inpatient admissions were 3.954% and 1.572%, respectively. In terms of service efficiency, the bed occupancy rate decreased from 76.9% to 53.9%, and the average number of patients seen per physician per day decreased from 8.85 to 7.30. In terms of income and expenditure and operations, the income-expenditure surplus rate decreased from 9.16% to 5.41%, and the debt-to-asset ratio increased from 27.88% to 33.60%. During the same period, the average annual growth rates of bed numbers and business-use floor area in grassroots maternal and child health care institutions were 4.545% and 10.091%, respectively, lower than the national average. The number of outpatient visits increased from 89.03 million to 126.93 million, with an average annual growth rate of 3.610%, while the number of inpatient admissions decreased from 4.19 million to 3.91 million, with an average annual decline of 0.689%. The income-expenditure surplus rate of grassroots institutions decreased from 7.76% to 4.05%, 1.36 percentage points lower than the national level, and the debt-to-asset ratio increased from 27.53% to 36.37%, higher than the overall level.Conclusions:From 2012 to 2022, maternal and child health care institutions in China achieved certain developments in resource allocation and service scale. However, several challenges remain, including unbalanced resource allocation, decreased utilization efficiency, slowed growth in medical service volume, imbalanced income and expenditure structure, increased asset operation risks, and restricted development of grassroots institutions. It is recommended that relevant management departments and maternal and child health care institutions optimize resource allocation, plan for service transformation and upgrading, expand income sources, strengthen internal financial control, and reinforce the construction of high-quality and efficient maternal and child health care systems to promote the high-quality development of maternal and child health care institutions in China.

Objective : To explore the value of combined indicators of prognostic nutritional index ( PNI) ，nutri- tional risk screening 2002 scale ( NRS2002 ) ，body mass index ( BMI) ，monocyte / lymphocyte ratio ( MLR) ， platelet / lymphocyte ratio ( PLR) ，and neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio ( NLR) in evaluating the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis ( PTB) ． Methods : A total of 175 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were selected as the study group，and 175 healthy subjects who underwent physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group．According to the range of lung lesions，the patients were divided into mild to moderate group ( ＜3 lung fields，n = 110) and severe group ( ≥3 lung fields，n = 65) ，PNI，NRS2002，BMI and peripheral blood MLR , PLR and NLR levels were compared between the two groups．Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze their correlation with the severity of the disease．A multivariate logistic regression model was established．A nomo- gram was drawn，and the efficiency of the model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic ( ROC) curve， calibration curve，decision curve． Results: The PNI，BMI，peripheral blood lymphocyte and albumin levels in the study group were lower than those in the control group ( P＜0. 05) ，while the MLR , PLR and NLR levels were sig- nificantly higher than those in the control group ( P＜0. 05) ．The NRS2002，MLR , PLR and NLR levels in the se- vere group were higher than those in the mild and moderate group ( P＜0. 05) ，while the PNI and BMI levels were lower than those in the mild and moderate group ( P＜0. 05) ．NRS2002 and peripheral blood MLR , PLR and NLR levels in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were positively correlated with the severity of the disease ( r = 0. 250， 0. 509，0. 431 and 0. 488) ．PNI and BMI were negatively correlated with the severity of the disease ( r = －0. 516， - 0. 231) ．Multivariate Logistic regression showed that NRS2002 and NLR were independent risk factors for severe disease，while PNI was a protective factor．The areas under the curve ( AUC) of NRS2002，NLR , PNI，and com- bined detection for evaluating the severity of pulmonary tuberculosis were 0. 692，0. 777，0. 786，and 0. 860，re- spectively，the sensitivity of the combined prediction was 81. 54% and the specificity was 76. 36%．The combined detection had better evaluation efficiency for severe pulmonary tuberculosis than the single indicator ( P ＜0. 05) ． Conclusion NRS2002 and NLR are independent risk factors for severe disease，while PNI is a protective factor． The combined detection model has a good fit，which can improve the evaluation efficiency and has potential for clin- ical application．

Objective To explore the feasibility of treating recurrent mandibular neuralgia with radiofrequency thermocoagulation with double needle guide,and to study the clinical value of double needle puncture for foramen ovale.Methods In this study,40 patients with recurrent mandibular neuralgia admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to November 2023 were selected,and randomly divided into the observation group(20 cases using double-needle guide technology)and control group(20 cases using traditional single-needle guide technology).The two groups were compared before and after treatment.Results After the completion of radiofrequency thermo-coagulation therapy,the overall pain-free rate of all cases was 90％according to the adjusted grading criteria,and there was a differ-ence in the pain-free rate between the two groups(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the number of puncture adjustment and complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The operation time of the observation group was longer than that of the control group(P＜0.05),and the number of postoperative acupuncture pain cases was statistically different from that of the control group(P＜0.05).After comparison of facial visual analogue scale(F-VAS),it was found that there were significant differences between the two groups(P＜0.05),and there were statistical differences between the observation group and the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Radiofrequency thermocoagulation with double-channel technique treating patients with recurrent mandibular neuralgia is,more thorough and has less complications.Although the operation time is increased,it can effectively eliminate the pain of patients.The tra-ditional bipolar radiofrequency thermocoagulation therapy technology is easily and accurately accomplished,which is worth popularizing.

BACKGROUND:In recent years,the study of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury has provided new insights into cellular and molecular heterogeneity as well as structural changes in the central nervous system after trauma.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury,comprehensively and deeply expound the application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury.METHODS:A computerized system was used to search the articles published from 2009 to 2023 in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang databases with the Chinese and English search terms of "single-cell RNA sequencing,spinal cord injury,sequencing technology." Articles with poor quality,repetitive content,and non-relevance were excluded,and 57 articles were finally included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present,the research of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury can be summarized as follows:(1) Cell subsets such as microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,macrophages,B cells,neurons,and neural stem cells were identified,and specific marker genes of these subsets were identified.(2) Microglia remain permanently active after spinal cord injury and coordinate the early stages after spinal cord injury through proliferation,immunity,and homeostatic function.Astrocytes play many important functions in spinal cord injury in an activated manner,including maintaining microenvironment balance,removing necrotic tissue,forming a protective barrier,and glial scars.Both macrophages and microglia play an important role in chronic neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury.(3) Neural stem cells and neuronal subsets can self-renew after spinal cord injury.Newly discovered neuronal subsets such as SCVsx2::Hoxa7:Zfhx3 → lumbar and SCVsx2:Hoxa10 can regenerate to natural targets and facilitate the recovery of motor function.(4) The discovery of dynamic changes in cell subsets improves our understanding of the course of spinal cord injury lesions and provides new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points.Up to now,more basic research and sufficient clinical experiments are needed to validate the results of single-cell RNA sequencing in these studies.In the future,single-cell RNA sequencing technology is expected to open a new window for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury by interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics,computer science,tissue engineering,and clinical medicine.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.

Myocardial fibrosis is a serious cause of heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. However, the mechanisms underlying myocardial ischemia-induced cardiac fibrosis remain unclear. Here, we identified that the expression of sterile alpha and TIR motif containing 1 (SARM1), was increased significantly in the ischemic cardiomyopathy patients, dilated cardiomyopathy patients (GSE116250) and fibrotic heart tissues of mice. Additionally, inhibition or knockdown of SARM1 can improve myocardial fibrosis and cardiac function of myocardial infarction (MI) mice. Moreover, SARM1 fibroblasts-specific knock-in mice had increased deposition of extracellular matrix and impaired cardiac function. Mechanically, elevated expression of SARM1 promotes the deposition of extracellular matrix by directly modulating P4HA1. Notably, by using the Click-iT reaction, we identified that the increased expression of ZDHHC17 promotes the palmitoylation levels of SARM1, thereby accelerating the fibrosis process. Based on the fibrosis-promoting effect of SARM1, we screened several drugs with anti-myocardial fibrosis activity. In conclusion, we have unveiled that palmitoylated SARM1 targeting P4HA1 promotes collagen deposition and myocardial fibrosis. Inhibition of SARM1 is a potential strategy for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. The sites where SARM1 interacts with P4HA1 and the palmitoylation modification sites of SARM1 may be the active targets for anti-fibrosis drugs.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, leading to increased fragility. Buqi-Tongluo (BQTL) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has yet to be fully evaluated for its potential in treating bone diseases such as osteoporosis. To investigate the mechanism by which BQTL decoction inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and validate these findings through in vivo experiments. We employed MTS assays to assess the potential proliferative or toxic effects of BQTL on bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) at various concentrations. TRAcP experiments were conducted to examine BQTL's impact on osteoclast differentiation. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses were utilized to evaluate the relative expression levels of osteoclast-specific genes and proteins under BQTL stimulation. Finally, in vivo experiments were performed using an osteoporosis model to further validate the in vitro findings. This study revealed that BQTL suppressed receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast resorption activity in vitro in a dose-dependent manner without observable cytotoxicity. The inhibitory effects of BQTL on osteoclast formation and function were attributed to the downregulation of NFATc1 and c-fos activity, primarily through attenuation of the MAPK, NF-κB, and Calcineurin signaling pathways. BQTL's inhibitory capacity was further examined in vivo using an ovariectomized (OVX) rat model, demonstrating a strong protective effect against bone loss. BQTL may serve as an effective therapeutic TCM for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis and the alleviation of bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency and related conditions.
Animals ; NFATC Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Ovariectomy ; Osteoclasts/metabolism* ; Female ; Osteogenesis/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats ; NF-kappa B/genetics* ; Osteoporosis/genetics* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Bone Resorption/genetics* ; Cell Differentiation/drug effects* ; Humans ; RANK Ligand/metabolism* ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics* ; Transcription Factors

BACKGROUND:In recent years,the study of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury has provided new insights into cellular and molecular heterogeneity as well as structural changes in the central nervous system after trauma.OBJECTIVE:To review the research progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury,comprehensively and deeply expound the application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury.METHODS:A computerized system was used to search the articles published from 2009 to 2023 in PubMed,Web of Science,CNKI,and WanFang databases with the Chinese and English search terms of "single-cell RNA sequencing,spinal cord injury,sequencing technology." Articles with poor quality,repetitive content,and non-relevance were excluded,and 57 articles were finally included for review and analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:At present,the research of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury can be summarized as follows:(1) Cell subsets such as microglia,astrocytes,oligodendrocytes,macrophages,B cells,neurons,and neural stem cells were identified,and specific marker genes of these subsets were identified.(2) Microglia remain permanently active after spinal cord injury and coordinate the early stages after spinal cord injury through proliferation,immunity,and homeostatic function.Astrocytes play many important functions in spinal cord injury in an activated manner,including maintaining microenvironment balance,removing necrotic tissue,forming a protective barrier,and glial scars.Both macrophages and microglia play an important role in chronic neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury.(3) Neural stem cells and neuronal subsets can self-renew after spinal cord injury.Newly discovered neuronal subsets such as SCVsx2::Hoxa7:Zfhx3 → lumbar and SCVsx2:Hoxa10 can regenerate to natural targets and facilitate the recovery of motor function.(4) The discovery of dynamic changes in cell subsets improves our understanding of the course of spinal cord injury lesions and provides new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points.Up to now,more basic research and sufficient clinical experiments are needed to validate the results of single-cell RNA sequencing in these studies.In the future,single-cell RNA sequencing technology is expected to open a new window for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury by interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics,computer science,tissue engineering,and clinical medicine.

Objective To observe the in vitro susceptibility test result of colistin(COL)combined with tigecycline(TGC),cefoperazone/sulbactam(SCF),ampicillin/sulbactam(SAM),meropenem(MEM),amikacin(AK)and levofloxacin(LEV),TGC combined with MEM,SCF,SAM and AK,SCF combined with MEM,AK to carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB),and screen the effective anti-infective therapy.Methods 58 CRAB strains were isolated from clinic specimens from Qingdao Eighth People's Hospital from January 2023 to December 2023.The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of antimicrobial agents against CRAB strains was determined by the micro broth dilution method.A combined antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by the chessboard dilution method.The fractional inhibitory concentration(FIC)index was calculated to determine the combined effect.Results The synergistic rates of COL and SCF was 70.69%,and the sum of synergistic rates and additive rates was 96.55%.The synergistic rates of COL and TGC,COL and SAM,COL and MEM,COL and AK,COL and LEV,TGC and SCF,TGC and SAM,TGC and MEM,TGC and AK,SCF and MEM,SCF and AK were 34.48%,65.52%,51.72%,37.93%,22.42%,27.59%,27.59%,37.93%,41.38%,48.28%and 25.86%,and the sum of synergistic rates and additive rates were 77.58%,91.38%,84.48%,65.52%,39.66%,67.25%,62.07%,58.62%,55.17%,82.76%and 74.14%,respectively.The range,MIC50 and MIC90 of 12 combination regimens for CRAB strains were decreased to some extent compared with those of each single drug.No antagonism effect was observed for all the combinations.Conclusion The sum of synergy rate and addition rate of COL combined with SCF is the highest,and the sum of synergy rate and addition rate of COL combined with LEV is the lowest,which could provide reference for clinical experience medication.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the ethanol extracts,total phenols,total flavonoids contents and HPLC fingerprints of typi-cal propolis samples from 6 foreign countries and 5 domestic regions,optimize the extraction process and evaluate the antioxidant activi-ty,so as to provide data support for improving the quality control system of propolis.METHODS The optimization of the propolis ex-traction process utilized flavonoid content as an indicator.Three flavonoid detection methods-namely,the aluminum trichloride meth-od,aluminum nitrate method,and polyamide method-were compared.The content of ethanol extract,total phenol content,and the scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals for each sample were determined.Further analysis was conducted using HPLC fingerprint pro-filing.RESULTS The propolis extract with the highest flavonoid content was obtained using 80%ethanol as the extraction solvent,operating at 50℃,with a stirring time of 3 h,ultrasonic power of 180 W,and ultrasonic time of 15 min.The aluminum trichloride method was proved to be the most effective for determining total flavonoids in propolis.While the ethanol extract,total flavonoids,and total phenols of propolis from Xinjiang,China were relatively low,their antioxidant activity exhibited superiority.HPLC analysis re-vealed,Brazilian red propolis lacked of chrysin,galangin,caffeic acid phenethyl ester and Brazilian green propolis lacked ferulic acid,apigenin,p-coumaric acid,chrysin,and pinocembrin.In contrast,the content of these four compounds in other samples varied,with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts not precisely corresponding to the compound content.CONCLUSION Propolis exhibits a complex chemical composition with significant variations among varieties.Key quality control indexes must be comprehensively consid-ered,encompassing physicochemical characteristics and biological activity.Establishing a multi-angle assessment system with a mate-rial basis-functional linkage is essential.This approach facilitates the realization of high quality and cost-effectiveness,thereby promo-ting the healthy development of the industry.