Objective: To review the current development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of transfusion medicine. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in the Clarivate Web of Science Database from inception to December 2024 for literature related to AI and transfusion. A total of 4 775 publications were identified. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, 133 original studies were ultimately included and analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach. Results: Research on AI in transfusion has surged since 2020 (accounting for 77% of all publications), with China ranking second globally in publication volume. Among the included studies, 69.2% focused on predicting individual transfusion needs, followed by inventory management (8.3%), diagnosis and prediction of adverse transfusion reactions (6.0%), factors influencing transfusion outcomes (5.3%), blood group identification (5.3%), blood quality testing (4.5%), and precise blood volume measurement (1.5%). Additionally, 4.5% of the studies were published in journals with an impact factor greater than 10; 19.5% developed software or applications; 31.5% were multi-center studies; 48.1% utilized decision tree methods, while 31.5% employed neural network approaches; and 14.2% conducted external validation of the algorithms. Conclusion: AI demonstrates significant potential in transfusion risk prediction, decision support, and blood management. However, challenges remain, including limited model generalizability, insufficient algorithm interpretability, and barriers to clinical translation. The deep integration of AI with transfusion medicine will accelerate the advent of precision transfusion era, maximizing blood resource utilization, reducing waste, and ensuring transfusion safety.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of optic nerve sheath diameter(ONSD)measured by critical care ultrasound combined with serum biomarkers[S100 calcium-binding protein β(S100β)and neuron-specific enolase(NSE)]in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A total of 103 adult severe traumatic brain injury patients admitted to the intensive care unit of this hospital from A-pril 1,2023,to April 1,2024 were enrolled.All patients underwent invasive intracranial pressure monitoring after admission,alongside bedside critical care ultrasound measurement of ONSD at 3 mm behind the globe and serum biomarker testing.Baseline data and Glasgow outcome scale(GOS)scores at 90 days after dis-charge were recorded.Patients were divided into the survival and the non-survival groups based on GOS scores.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis and area under the curve(AUC)were used to evaluate the predictive performance of ONSD and serum biomarkers for poor prognosis in severe traumatic brain injury patients.Results Ninety-six patients were ultimately included,with 52(54.1％)in the survival group and 44(45.9％)in the non-survival group.Significant differences were observed in blood glucose,Glas-gow coma scale(GCS)score,acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)score,ONSD,NSE,and S100β levels(P＜0.05)between the two groups.Multivariate analysis identified ONSD(OR=4.962,95％CI:3.473-6.254),NSE(OR=2.704,95％CI:1.987-3.033),S100β(OR=2.983,95％CI:1.843-4.571),and APACHE Ⅱ score(OR=3.726,95％CI:2.837-4.592)as independent predictors of mortality in severe traumatic brain injury patients(P＜0.05).The combination of ONSD,NSE,and S100β yielded an AUC of 0.840 for predicting poor prognosis,with a specificity of 88.3％and sensitivity of 98.6％.Conclusion ONSD and serum brain injury biomarkers(NSE,S100β)are associated with in-hospital prognosis in severe traumatic brain injury patients.Their combined detection can effectively predict a poor outcome.

Objective:To establish a method for the identification of Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) dispensing granules with PCR for the identification of dispensing granules.Methods:The collected samples were identified by DNA bar code, and the methods of extracting genomic DNA from Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Qianghuo standard decoction and dispensing granules were established. Specific differential primers were designed based on ITS2 sequence, and the PCR amplification system and reaction conditions were optimized.Results:The PCR amplification system and reaction conditions were determined. The target bands of about 216 bp were obtained by amplification of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix, Qianghuo standard decoction and dispensing granules, and there was no interference from counterfeit products and blank.Conclusions:The specific PCR identification method of Qianghuo (Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix) dispensing granules is established, which has good specificity. The detection limit of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is 0.91 ng, and the detection limit of dispensing granules is 7.36 ng, which also provides a reference for the identification of other kinds of TCM dispensing granules.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To analyze the detection rate of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP)in Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine(the hospital)and analyze the main drug resistance genes and virulence genes of CRKP,so as to understand the molecular epidemiologi-cal mechanism of its infection strains.Methods The detection rate of CRKP infection in the hospital from 2020 to 2023 was retrospectively analyzed,and a total of 84 strains of CRKP were collected from July to De-cember 2022 in the hospital.The clinical data of the strains were collected,and the corresponding drug resist-ance genes and virulence genes were amplified by PCR.The modified carbapenem inactivation method(mCIM)was uesd to detect carbapenemase.Results The detection rates of CRKP in the Guangdong Provincial Second Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from 2020 to 2023 were relatively high,and were higher than 46.00％.84 non-repeated CRKP strains were collected from July to December of 2022,and most samples were from respiratory tract,accounting for 55.95％.The patients were mainly from acupuncture and rehabilitation departments,accounting for 34.52％.Drug sensitivity tests showed that CRKP was highly resistant to various cephalosporin and extended spectrum beta lactam drugs,and only showed high sensitivity to tigecycline and polymyxin.The positive rate of mCIM test was 84.52％(71/84),and the other 15.48％results were neutral,which failed to determine whether they produced carbapenemase.A total of 73 strains were detected with car-bapenemase gene,accounting for 86.90％,involving 4 genotypes.The detection rates of blaKPC,blaNDM,blaIMP,and blaOXA-48 were 83.33％,2.38％,1.19％,and 1.19％,respectively.One of them carried both blaKPC and blaNDM genes,and multiple β-lactamases were detected.The detection rates of blaSHV,bla-TEM,blaCTX-M-9,and blaCTX-M-1 were 96.43％,78.57％,64.29％,and 2.38％,respectively.The detection rates of five virulence genes,blaiucA,blarmpA2,blairoB,blapeg-334,and blarmpA,were 42.86％,41.67％,27.38％,3.57％,and 2.38％,respectively.The proportion of strains carrying three or more virulence genes was 17.85％(15/84).Conclusion The detection rate of CRKP in the hospital is relatively high,and the drug resistance situation is serious,with Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase(KPC)as the main drug resistance gene.A high proportion of Carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-hvKp)strains is found,and the infection prevention and control situation is not optimistic.It is necessary to further strengthen the hospital infection control measures and standardize the scientific and reasonable drug use.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between positive expression of multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) and changes of endometrial endometrium in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 62 RIF patients who attended the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2022 and May 2023 were selected. All patients were examined by perimetry, endometrial tissue was collected, and the positive expression of MUM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The endometrial hemodynamics were examined by three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound, and according to the results of MUM1 expression, the patients were divided into MUM1-positive group (29 cases) and MUM1-negative group (33 cases). The endometrial thickness, endometrial blood flow vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), vascularized blood flow index (VFI), and bilateral uterine arterial blood flow resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity/peak diastolic velocity (S/D) were compared between the two groups. The expression levels of endometrial VEGF and MVD were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to explore the correlation between the expression of endometrial VEGF, MVD and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI in the two groups.Results:In RIF patients, the endometrial VEGF positivity rate [31.03% (9/29)], MVD expression (16.97±3.28), and endometrial VI (1.45±0.96), FI (21.13±5.33), and VFI (0.39±0.17) in MUM1-positive group were significantly lower than those in the MUM1-negative group [the VEGF-positive rate: 36.36% (12/33), P<0.001; MVD: 33.42±7.97, P<0.001; VI: 1.91±0.56, P=0.025; FI: 23.91±5.37, P=0.045; VFI: 0.54±0.14, P=0.004]. Bilateral uterine arterial blood flow RI (0.69±0.14), PI (1.49±0.61), S/D (2.40±0.62) in MUM1-positive group was significantly higher than those in MUM1-negative group (0.54±0.15, 0.92±0.34, 1.45±0.40; all P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the endometrial MVD expression level in the MUM1-positive group and endometrial blood flow of VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.931, P<0.001; r=0.968 , P<0.001; r=0.914, P<0.001), and there was also a significant positive correlation between endometrial VEGF expression and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.965 , P<0.001; r=0.954, P<0.001; r=0.935, P<0.001). Conclusion:In RIF patients, the positive expression of MUM1 affects endometrial blood flow and the expression levels of VEGF and MVD, and there is a significant positive correlation between endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI and the expression of VEGF and MVD in the endometrium.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between positive expression of multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (MUM1) and changes of endometrial endometrium in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF).Methods:A retrospective cohort study of 62 RIF patients who attended the Center for Reproductive Medicine of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between March 2022 and May 2023 were selected. All patients were examined by perimetry, endometrial tissue was collected, and the positive expression of MUM1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and microvessel density (MVD) were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The endometrial hemodynamics were examined by three-dimensional Doppler ultrasound, and according to the results of MUM1 expression, the patients were divided into MUM1-positive group (29 cases) and MUM1-negative group (33 cases). The endometrial thickness, endometrial blood flow vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), vascularized blood flow index (VFI), and bilateral uterine arterial blood flow resistance index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), peak systolic velocity/peak diastolic velocity (S/D) were compared between the two groups. The expression levels of endometrial VEGF and MVD were compared between the two groups. Pearson correlation was used to explore the correlation between the expression of endometrial VEGF, MVD and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI in the two groups.Results:In RIF patients, the endometrial VEGF positivity rate [31.03% (9/29)], MVD expression (16.97±3.28), and endometrial VI (1.45±0.96), FI (21.13±5.33), and VFI (0.39±0.17) in MUM1-positive group were significantly lower than those in the MUM1-negative group [the VEGF-positive rate: 36.36% (12/33), P<0.001; MVD: 33.42±7.97, P<0.001; VI: 1.91±0.56, P=0.025; FI: 23.91±5.37, P=0.045; VFI: 0.54±0.14, P=0.004]. Bilateral uterine arterial blood flow RI (0.69±0.14), PI (1.49±0.61), S/D (2.40±0.62) in MUM1-positive group was significantly higher than those in MUM1-negative group (0.54±0.15, 0.92±0.34, 1.45±0.40; all P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between the endometrial MVD expression level in the MUM1-positive group and endometrial blood flow of VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.931, P<0.001; r=0.968 , P<0.001; r=0.914, P<0.001), and there was also a significant positive correlation between endometrial VEGF expression and endometrial blood flow VI, FI, and VFI ( r=0.965 , P<0.001; r=0.954, P<0.001; r=0.935, P<0.001). Conclusion:In RIF patients, the positive expression of MUM1 affects endometrial blood flow and the expression levels of VEGF and MVD, and there is a significant positive correlation between endometrial blood flow VI, FI, VFI and the expression of VEGF and MVD in the endometrium.

Objective:To establish a polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method to accurately discriminate the crude materials and aqueous extract of Zaocys dhumnades,Elaphe carinata,Elaphe meollendorff and Ptyas korros.Methods:Specific primers were designed using mitochondrial Cytb gene(CO1)as a target gene,and annealing temperature,number of cycles and the type of DNA polymerases were optimized.The mixed samples were detected by this method.Results:By this multiplex allele-specific PCR identification method,135,182,246 and 197 bp of specific fragments were amplified from DNA templates of Zaocys dhumnades,Elaphe carinata,Elaphe meollendorffi and Ptyas korros,respectively,following the conditions:cycle number of 35,annealing temperature of 62 ℃.The adulterants and the blank control showed no bands.The method could simultaneously and accurately identify the snake-derived components in the mixed samples.Conclusion:The method can be used to identify the samples of Zaocys dhumnades,Elaphe carinata,Elaphe meollendorffi and Ptyas korros simultaneously,accurately and rapidly,and is suitable for the identification of standard decoctiond and formula granules samples.

OBJECTIVE To explore the protective effect and possible mechanism of baicalein on hypoxia-induced cortical neuron injury in rats. METHODS The cortical neurons of rats （RN-C cells） were studied and cultured under hypoxic conditions （5%CO2， 94% N2， 1%O2） for 24 hours； the effects of different concentrations of baicalein （0.01， 0.1， 1， 10， 100 μmol/L） on the survival rate of hypoxic RN-C cells were investigated； the effects of baicalein （0.1 μmol/L） on the activities of lactate dehydrogenase （LDH） and superoxide dismutase （SOD）， the content of malondialdehyde （MDA）， migration rate， apoptotic rate， cell cycle and the expressions of cleaved caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2 X protein （Bax） were all detected. RESULTS Compared with control group， the survival rate of cells in the hypoxia group was significantly reduced （P＜0.01）； 0.01， 0.1 and 1 μmol/L baicalein could reverse survival rate of hypoxia-induced cortical neurons （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Scratch experiments showed that baicalein significantly increased the migration rate of hypoxic RN-C cells （P＜0.01）. Compared with control group， the activity of LDH in the supernatant and the content of MDA in the cells， apoptotic rate and the proportion of cells in G1 phase， were significantly increased in the hypoxia group， while SOD activity and the proportion of cells in G2+S phase was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of cleaved caspase-3 were increased significantly， while the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in cells was significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with hypoxia group， the above indexes were all reversed significantly in baicalein group （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Baicalein can promote the proliferation and migration of cortical neurons， improve hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution， decrease the activity of LDH in supernatant and the level of cellular lipid peroxidation， and improve antioxidant levels. Its mechanism may be related to regulating the caspase- 3/Bax/Bcl-2 pathway.