Under stress,the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP)is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently released outside the cell.Extracellular CIRP(eCIRP),acting as a damage-associated mo-lecular pattern,amplifies inflammation through various mechanisms and leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response,thereby contributing to the occurrence and progression of sepsis and other critical pathological processes.Certain CIRP-tar-geting drugs have demonstrated promising anti-sepsis effects through the reduction of CIRP expression,the decrease of eCIRP release,the neutralization of eCIRP,or the intervention in receptor binding.This review examines the release mechanism of CIRP and the role of eCIRP in the development of sepsis,with the aim of providing new insights for the pre-vention and treatment of sepsis by targeting eCIRP.

Ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA)is a naturally occurring,low-toxicity,and hydrophilic bile acid(BA)in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA.Solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate,and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers.Retroperitoneal liposarcoma(RLPS)refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area.Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly down-regulated metabolites in sera of RIPS patients compared with healthy subjects.The augmentation of UDCA concentration(≥25 μg/mL)demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells.[15N2]-cystine and[13Cs]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione(GSH)synthesis.Mechanistically,UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis,leading to reactive oxygen species(ROS)accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage.Furthermore,UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers(Erastin,RSL3),the murine double minute 2(MDM2)inhibitors(Nutlin 3a,RG7112),cyclin dependent kinase 4(CDK4)inhibitor(Abemaciclib),and glutaminase inhibitor(CB839).Together,UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity,and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA.More importantly,in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments,UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a naturally occurring, low-toxicity, and hydrophilic bile acid (BA) in the human body that is converted by intestinal flora using primary BA. Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) functions to uptake extracellular cystine in exchange for glutamate, and is highly expressed in a variety of human cancers. Retroperitoneal liposarcoma (RLPS) refers to liposarcoma originating from the retroperitoneal area. Lipidomics analysis revealed that UDCA was one of the most significantly downregulated metabolites in sera of RLPS patients compared with healthy subjects. The augmentation of UDCA concentration (≥25 μg/mL) demonstrated a suppressive effect on the proliferation of liposarcoma cells. [¹⁵N₂]-cystine and [¹³C₅]-glutamine isotope tracing revealed that UDCA impairs cystine uptake and glutathione (GSH) synthesis. Mechanistically, UDCA binds to the cystine transporter SLC7A11 to inhibit cystine uptake and impair GSH de novo synthesis, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, UDCA can promote the anti-cancer effects of ferroptosis inducers (Erastin, RSL3), the murine double minute 2 (MDM2) inhibitors (Nutlin 3a, RG7112), cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) inhibitor (Abemaciclib), and glutaminase inhibitor (CB839). Together, UDCA functions as a cystine exchange factor that binds to SLC7A11 for antitumor activity, and SLC7A11 is not only a new transporter for BA but also a clinically applicable target for UDCA. More importantly, in combination with other antitumor chemotherapy or physiotherapy treatments, UDCA may provide effective and promising treatment strategies for RLPS or other types of tumors in a ROS-dependent manner.

Objective:To explore the application effect of phased target teaching combined with case teaching method in neurosurgery intern nurses.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to select 96 intern nurses in the neurosurgery department of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023. The participants were divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group received conventional teaching, while the observation group was given phased target teaching combined with case teaching method based on the control group's curriculum. The clinical work ability, critical thinking ability, teaching performance, teaching satisfaction and cooperation of the intern nurses in both groups were compared.Results:After the intervention, the observation group scored higher in clinical work ability, critical thinking ability, teaching satisfaction and cooperation, teaching performance compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of phased target teaching combined with case teaching method for neurosurgery intern nurses can improve their clinical work ability, critical thinking ability, academic performance, teaching satisfaction and cooperation. This method is worth recommending.

Under stress,the cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP)is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and subsequently released outside the cell.Extracellular CIRP(eCIRP),acting as a damage-associated mo-lecular pattern,amplifies inflammation through various mechanisms and leads to an uncontrolled inflammatory response,thereby contributing to the occurrence and progression of sepsis and other critical pathological processes.Certain CIRP-tar-geting drugs have demonstrated promising anti-sepsis effects through the reduction of CIRP expression,the decrease of eCIRP release,the neutralization of eCIRP,or the intervention in receptor binding.This review examines the release mechanism of CIRP and the role of eCIRP in the development of sepsis,with the aim of providing new insights for the pre-vention and treatment of sepsis by targeting eCIRP.

Objective:To explore the application effect of phased target teaching combined with case teaching method in neurosurgery intern nurses.Methods:A convenient sampling method was used to select 96 intern nurses in the neurosurgery department of Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023. The participants were divided into a control group and an observation group. The control group received conventional teaching, while the observation group was given phased target teaching combined with case teaching method based on the control group's curriculum. The clinical work ability, critical thinking ability, teaching performance, teaching satisfaction and cooperation of the intern nurses in both groups were compared.Results:After the intervention, the observation group scored higher in clinical work ability, critical thinking ability, teaching satisfaction and cooperation, teaching performance compared to the control group ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of phased target teaching combined with case teaching method for neurosurgery intern nurses can improve their clinical work ability, critical thinking ability, academic performance, teaching satisfaction and cooperation. This method is worth recommending.

Objective To explore the potential value of coagulation indicators and their combinations for metastasis and postoperative recurrence in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)patients.Methods A total of 39 RCC patients with metastasis and postoperative recurrence were enrolled,and the controls groups included 64 RCC patients without metastasis,15 patients with renal vascular leiomyoma/oncocy-toma and 118 patients with renal cysts.All the patients were diagnosed and hospitalized in the Department of Urology of Nanjing Hospi-tal of Chinese Medicine affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Jinling Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine from January 2018 to June 2024.The coagulation indicators in the blood samples were measured.The levels of plas-ma prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT)and fibrinogen(Fib)were analyzed by clotting method.The levels of fibrinogen degradation products(FDP)and D-Dimer(DD)were analyzed by immunological turbidim-etry assay,and the levels of antithrombin Ⅲ(AT3)were analyzed by chromogenic substrate method,respectively.The differences of coagulation indicators between RCC patients with metastasis and postoperative recurrence and the controls were assessed by Mann-Whit-ney U test.The potential value of coagulation indicators and their combinations for predicating metastasis and postoperative recurrence in RCC patients was evaluated through Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis.Results The plasma levels of the seven coagulation indicators showed significant differences between the patients with RCC metastatic/recurrent and the controls(all with P＜0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the plasma levels of all the 7 coagulation index could distinguish the metastatic/recurrent RCC patients from the controls,and the DD level showed the highest value with the AUCROC=0.913(95％CI:0.859 to 0.967).Multi-ple logistic regression analysis revealed that the plasma levels of Fib,FDP,DD,and AT3 were associated with RCC metastasis/recur-rence.Logistic regression analysis combined with ROC curve analysis revealed that the panel of Fib,FDP,DD and AT3 had the best performance for discriminating RCC metastasis/recurrence along with the AUCROC of 0.920(95％CI:0.865 to 0.974).Conclusion Alterations of the levels of plasma Fib,DD,FDP and AT3 may be closely related to postoperative recurrence and metastasis in RCC patients,and the panel of Fib,FDP,DD and AT3 has the potential to serve as the monitoring and evaluation indicators for RCC recur-rence and metastasis.

Objective To explore the potential value of coagulation indicators and their combinations for metastasis and postoperative recurrence in renal cell carcinoma(RCC)patients.Methods A total of 39 RCC patients with metastasis and postoperative recurrence were enrolled,and the controls groups included 64 RCC patients without metastasis,15 patients with renal vascular leiomyoma/oncocy-toma and 118 patients with renal cysts.All the patients were diagnosed and hospitalized in the Department of Urology of Nanjing Hospi-tal of Chinese Medicine affiliated with Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Jinling Hospital affiliated with Nanjing University School of Medicine from January 2018 to June 2024.The coagulation indicators in the blood samples were measured.The levels of plas-ma prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),thrombin time(TT)and fibrinogen(Fib)were analyzed by clotting method.The levels of fibrinogen degradation products(FDP)and D-Dimer(DD)were analyzed by immunological turbidim-etry assay,and the levels of antithrombin Ⅲ(AT3)were analyzed by chromogenic substrate method,respectively.The differences of coagulation indicators between RCC patients with metastasis and postoperative recurrence and the controls were assessed by Mann-Whit-ney U test.The potential value of coagulation indicators and their combinations for predicating metastasis and postoperative recurrence in RCC patients was evaluated through Logistic regression and ROC curve analysis.Results The plasma levels of the seven coagulation indicators showed significant differences between the patients with RCC metastatic/recurrent and the controls(all with P＜0.05).The results of ROC curve analysis showed that the plasma levels of all the 7 coagulation index could distinguish the metastatic/recurrent RCC patients from the controls,and the DD level showed the highest value with the AUCROC=0.913(95％CI:0.859 to 0.967).Multi-ple logistic regression analysis revealed that the plasma levels of Fib,FDP,DD,and AT3 were associated with RCC metastasis/recur-rence.Logistic regression analysis combined with ROC curve analysis revealed that the panel of Fib,FDP,DD and AT3 had the best performance for discriminating RCC metastasis/recurrence along with the AUCROC of 0.920(95％CI:0.865 to 0.974).Conclusion Alterations of the levels of plasma Fib,DD,FDP and AT3 may be closely related to postoperative recurrence and metastasis in RCC patients,and the panel of Fib,FDP,DD and AT3 has the potential to serve as the monitoring and evaluation indicators for RCC recur-rence and metastasis.

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

Macrolide antibiotics are a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics with the macrolide as core nucleus. Recently, antibiotic pollution has become an important environmental problem due to the irregular production and abuse of macrolide antibiotics. Microbial degradation is one of the most effective methods to deal with antibiotic pollution. This review summarizes the current status of environmental pollution caused by macrolide antibiotics, the degradation strains, the degradation enzymes, the degradation pathways and the microbial processes for degrading macrolide antibiotics. Moreover, the critical challenges on the biodegradation of macrolide antibiotics were also discussed.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Macrolides