The Dunhuang manuscript Fuxing Jue takes the "Tangye Jingfa Tu" as the core of its theory on prescription and compatibility. Its medication principles mainly include the "five elements principle of tonifying and purging" and the "five elements principle of elimination and transformation". Based on the differentiation of deficiency and excess in the five Zang organs， it flexibly applies medicinal properties， usage， and flavor transformation for tonifying and purging， forming its unique method of medication and compatibility. In Taiyin disease， "fullness syndrome" often occurs together with "diarrhea"， and these two conditions also serve as the primary indications for the middle-regulating formulas. Among them， Lizhong Wan （Tang） mainly address Taiyin deficiency. The three Xiexin Tang （Banxia Xiexin Tang， Gancao Xiexin Tang， Shengjiang Xiexin Tang） address Taiyin deficiency accompanied by pathogenic excess. The Sini Tangand Tongmai Sini Tang primarily treat dysfunction of the liver， spleen， and kidney with impaired opening and closing of Taiyin， manifesting as diarrhea. The medicinal flavors of middle-regulating formulas are pungent， sweet， and bitter， acting directly on the spleen of Taiyin. The pungent flavor induces purging of the spleen， sweet flavor tonifies the spleen， and bitter flavor eliminates lumps. When the constituent medicinal units of middle-regulating formulas are unified， the ratio of pungent to sweet flavors reflects the tonic and purgative strength of the formula. In addition， the two decoction methods， "short-term decoction to extract Qi" and "long-term decoction to extract flavor"， also influence the formula's tonifying and purgative effects. Based on the composition of flavors and special decoction methods， this article discusses the differences in the use of middle-regulating formulas for treating "“fullness syndrome" versus "diarrhea". Dysfunction of the spleen can give rise to various diseases. Therefore， middle-regulating formulas are not limited to treating "deficiency， cold， and dampness" syndromes. Later generations of physicians further modified Lizhong Tang to treat "excess， heat， and dryness" syndromes， laying a solid foundation for more flexible and effective clinical application of middle-regulating formulas.

The Dunhuang manuscript Fuxing Jue takes the "Tangye Jingfa Tu" as the core of its theory on prescription and compatibility. Its medication principles mainly include the "five elements principle of tonifying and purging" and the "five elements principle of elimination and transformation". Based on the differentiation of deficiency and excess in the five Zang organs， it flexibly applies medicinal properties， usage， and flavor transformation for tonifying and purging， forming its unique method of medication and compatibility. In Taiyin disease， "fullness syndrome" often occurs together with "diarrhea"， and these two conditions also serve as the primary indications for the middle-regulating formulas. Among them， Lizhong Wan （Tang） mainly address Taiyin deficiency. The three Xiexin Tang （Banxia Xiexin Tang， Gancao Xiexin Tang， Shengjiang Xiexin Tang） address Taiyin deficiency accompanied by pathogenic excess. The Sini Tangand Tongmai Sini Tang primarily treat dysfunction of the liver， spleen， and kidney with impaired opening and closing of Taiyin， manifesting as diarrhea. The medicinal flavors of middle-regulating formulas are pungent， sweet， and bitter， acting directly on the spleen of Taiyin. The pungent flavor induces purging of the spleen， sweet flavor tonifies the spleen， and bitter flavor eliminates lumps. When the constituent medicinal units of middle-regulating formulas are unified， the ratio of pungent to sweet flavors reflects the tonic and purgative strength of the formula. In addition， the two decoction methods， "short-term decoction to extract Qi" and "long-term decoction to extract flavor"， also influence the formula's tonifying and purgative effects. Based on the composition of flavors and special decoction methods， this article discusses the differences in the use of middle-regulating formulas for treating "“fullness syndrome" versus "diarrhea". Dysfunction of the spleen can give rise to various diseases. Therefore， middle-regulating formulas are not limited to treating "deficiency， cold， and dampness" syndromes. Later generations of physicians further modified Lizhong Tang to treat "excess， heat， and dryness" syndromes， laying a solid foundation for more flexible and effective clinical application of middle-regulating formulas.

Objective: To explore the impact of personalized early treatment appliances (ETA) on the relationship between dental and maxillofacial structures in patients with ClassⅡ malocclusion during the replacement phase, and to provide a basis for clinical treatment. Methods: This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from patients. From May 2023 to December 2023, 15 patients with Angle ClassⅡ malocclusion accompanied by mandibular retraction and anterior deep overjet during mixed dentition were enrolled in this study (8 males and 7 females; mean age 8.8 years). Each patient received a customized domestically manufactured ETA that was created based on dental arch dimensions, overjet severity, and occlusal relationships assessed from study models. Patients were instructed to wear the appliance for at least 2 hours during the day and throughout the night. The treatment duration was 6 months, at which time the changes in cephalometric data before treatment (T0) and after treatment (T1) were compared using Uceph software Results: The angle between sella, nasion and supramentale point B (SNB) of the patients increased significantly by (1.03 ± 1.74°) compared to before treatment (P = 0.039). The angle between subspinale point A and supramentale point B (ANB), the distance between point A and point B on the FH plane (wits value), the overjet, and the overbite decreased by (0.47 ± 0.61°), (2.48 ± 2.11) mm, (2.48 ± 3.42) mm, and (0.79 ± 1.40) mm, respectively, compared to before treatment, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The angle between sella, nasion and subspinale point A (SNA), the angle between the FH and MP planes (FMA), the angle between the long axis of the L1 and MP plane (IMPA), the angle between the MP plane and SN plane (MP-SN), the distance from S to Go divided by the distance from N to Me (S-Go/N-Me), and the distance of the FH plane perpendicular from G point to the Pog point (G Vert Pog) increased compared to before treatment, while the angle between the SGn and FH planes (Y-axis) and the angle between the long axis of the L1 and FH plane (FMIA) decreased compared to before treatment, but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusion Personalized, customized ETA orthodontic appliances can effectively improve the sagittal and vertical relationships between the maxilla and mandible in patients with ClassⅡ malocclusion.

Objective: To investigate the impact of preschool children s aquatic motor skill (AMS) acquisition on their fundamental motor skill (FMS) development and the correlation between AMS and FMS development, so ao to provide a scientific basis for early childhood education and physical education teaching. Methods: From April to June 2024, 60 children, recruited by random sampling from a kindergarten in Taiyuan, were stratified randomly divided into an experimental group ( n =30) and a control group ( n =30). The experimental group were further divided into five classes of six each. They received AMS practice interventions twice weekly, 40 minutes per session, over eight weeks (16 sessions total) at a designated swimming center. The control group maintained their usual routine. Children s FMS and AMS were assessed pre and post intervention using the Test of Gross Motor Development-3rd (TGMD3) and Actual Aquatic Skills Test (AAST), respectively. Before and after test comparisons within and between groups employed t-tests, Wilcoxon signedrank tests, ANCOVA (including ranktransformed ANCOVA), and Cohen s d effect sizes were calculated for standardized mean differences. Spearman rank correlation was used to analyze relationships between FMS and AMS. Results: After the aquatic learning, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group on locomotor skills ( F=20.47, P <0.01, η 2=0.26), FMS ( F=4.59, P =0.04, η 2=0.08), and AMS ( F=109.71, P<0.01, η 2=0.79). The experimental groups improvement in locomotor skills 5.0(3.8, 7.3) versus the control group (2.8±2.5) yielded a medium effect size (Cohen s d =0.71); AMS gains in the experimental group [26.0(20.8, 28.0)] versus controls [1.0(0, 2.3)] showed a very large effect size (Cohen s d =4.73) (both P <0.01). Among preschool children, AMS acquisition was positively correlated with locomotor skills ( r =0.39) and overall FMS ( r =0.43)(both P <0.05). Skill specific assessments revealed lower proficiency in headfirst entry (immersion), treading water, and sagittalplane rotation. Conclusion Preschool children s acquisition of AMS has a positive effect on their FMS, with mutual facilitation between the two, especially in locomotor abilities.

Objective To explore the effect of evening primrose oil(EPO)on aortic endothelial damage in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods The potential targets of EPO for improving aortic endothelial injury in PCOS rats were predicted by network pharmacology,and the selected core targets and renin-angiotensin signaling(RAS)pathway were verified by experiments.Fifty-eight female SD rats were divided randomly into a blank group(n=10)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the blank group were fed a normal diet and rats in the modeling group received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The PCOS model was prepared at week 6 by administration of letrozole(1 mg/(kg·d))for 21 days.Blood was taken from the tail vein after modeling and serum was collected to detect hormone levels.The model rats were then divided randomly into four groups and treated with the corresponding drugs for 6 weeks.Blood,blood vessels,and ovaries were then collected.Tissue morphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),endothelin(ET-1),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum levels of nitric oxide(NO)were determined by spectrophotometry.Protein expression levels of core targets and RAS pathway-related factors were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Twenty-five intersection targets of EPO and PCOS were identified by network pharmacological analysis.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that EPO improved vascular injury in PCOS rats via multiple pathways,including RAS.Serum levels of ET-1,FSH,LH,and T measured by ELISA were significantly decreased after EPO treatment,compared with the model group(P＜0.01).EPO significantly decreased the expression levels of Ang Ⅰ,VEGF-B,AT2R,ET-1,and TNF-α proteins in the aorta(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression levels of Ang Ⅱ,CD31,and endothelial NO synthase proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusions EPO may ameliorate vascular endothelial injury in PCOS model rats by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway and by overactivation of the ACE/Ang Ⅱ/AT1 axis.

Objective To understand the clinical applicability and implementation of expert consensus on the implementation and removal of protective restraints in psychiatry,and to provide references for promoting the standardized practice of psychiatric protective restraints and updating the consensus.Methods By the convenience sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among nurses from 480 hospitals in 30 provinces from June 15 to July 15,2024.The survey was conducted using the instrument for evaluating clinical applicability of guide-lines(version 2.0)and a self-compiled questionnaire on the clinical implementation of the restraint consensus.Results A total of 7,844 valid questionnaires were collected,with a valid questionnaire recovery rate of 93.78％.The results of clinical applicability scoring showed that the consensus had the lowest availability score(64.72％)and the highest acceptability score(76.74％).The results showed that nurses' receiving training and the level of their hospitals were the main influencing factors for scores in various dimensions(P＜0.05).4,774 participants(87.42％)believed that the application of consensus could enhance the standardization of nurses' restraint operations.The safety rate of the restraint consensus was 79.51％,and the economic ratio was 76.87％.Among the evaluators,1,739(22.17％)believed that there were implementation obstacles in the consensus.Conclusion The clinical applicability of the consensus is relatively good,and the application of the consensus helps to improve the standardization of clinical operations.In the future,efforts should be made to strengthen the promotion and training of the consensus,develop hierarchical promotion strategies according to the characteristics of medical institutions,and improve the quality of evidence for the consensus,so as to further enhance the clinical application effect of the consensus.

Paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury is a serious neurological complication, for which surgery is currently the main treatment method. Due to different surgical approaches, patients are usually expected to maintain a passive prone position for a long time or switch between the supine and prone positions. Affected by multiple factors such as neurogenic sensory disorders, pathological changes in muscle tone and operative duration, the risk of intraoperative acquired pressure injury (IAPI) is significantly increased. Current clinical prevention strategies for IAPI in these patients predominantly focus on localized pressure relief during positioning, lacking systematic, standardized comprehensive prevention protocols or evidence-based guidelines. To address it, Department of Nursing, Orthopedics Branch, China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care, Spinal Trauma Professional Committee, Orthopedics Branch, Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Nursing Group of Spine and Spinal Cord Professional Committee of Chinese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine organized experts in relevant fields to formulate Guideline for the prevention of intraoperative acquired pressure injury in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury ( version 2025), based on evidence-based medical evidence and latest research results and clinical practice at home and abroad. Eleven recommendations were put forward from the aspects of preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative prevention strategies, postoperative handover and monitoring, and supportive mechanisms for IAPI prevention, aiming to standardize the prevention measures and management strategies of IAPI in paraplegic patients with spinal cord injury and accelerate the recovery of patients and improve the therapeutic effect.

Objective To explore the effect of evening primrose oil(EPO)on aortic endothelial damage in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods The potential targets of EPO for improving aortic endothelial injury in PCOS rats were predicted by network pharmacology,and the selected core targets and renin-angiotensin signaling(RAS)pathway were verified by experiments.Fifty-eight female SD rats were divided randomly into a blank group(n=10)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the blank group were fed a normal diet and rats in the modeling group received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The PCOS model was prepared at week 6 by administration of letrozole(1 mg/(kg·d))for 21 days.Blood was taken from the tail vein after modeling and serum was collected to detect hormone levels.The model rats were then divided randomly into four groups and treated with the corresponding drugs for 6 weeks.Blood,blood vessels,and ovaries were then collected.Tissue morphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),endothelin(ET-1),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum levels of nitric oxide(NO)were determined by spectrophotometry.Protein expression levels of core targets and RAS pathway-related factors were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Twenty-five intersection targets of EPO and PCOS were identified by network pharmacological analysis.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that EPO improved vascular injury in PCOS rats via multiple pathways,including RAS.Serum levels of ET-1,FSH,LH,and T measured by ELISA were significantly decreased after EPO treatment,compared with the model group(P＜0.01).EPO significantly decreased the expression levels of Ang Ⅰ,VEGF-B,AT2R,ET-1,and TNF-α proteins in the aorta(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression levels of Ang Ⅱ,CD31,and endothelial NO synthase proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusions EPO may ameliorate vascular endothelial injury in PCOS model rats by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway and by overactivation of the ACE/Ang Ⅱ/AT1 axis.

Objective:To investigate the effects and its related mechanism of placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells(PMSCs)on the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)damaged astrocytes.Methods:Primary astrocytes were isolated from the cerebral cortex of neonatal rats.The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)was identified using immu-nofluorescence staining to evaluate the purity of the primary astrocytes.PMSCs were cocultured with LPS-treated astro-cytes.The expression levels of factors related to inflammation including interleukin-1β(IL-1β),inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),arginase-1(Arg-1),S100 calcium-bind-ing protein A10(S100A10),and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway-related proteins such as transforming growth factor beta 1(TGF-β1),transforming growth factor beta type I receptor(TβRⅠ),transforming growth factor beta type II re-ceptor(TβRⅡ),phospho-Smad2 and phospho-Smad3(p-Smad2,p-Smad3)in astrocytes from each group were detec-ted using real time RT-PCR or Western blot techniques.Results:Astrocytes at the third passage exhibited an 80%pos-itivity rate for GFAP.After treated with 10 μg/ml LPS,the astrocytes expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,iNOS,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly increased(P<0.05),while their expression levels of the anti-inflam-matory factors of Arg-1 and S100A10 were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Meanwhile,their expression levels of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins of TGF-β1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2 and Smad3 were increased(P<0.05).After the LPS damaged astrocytes were cocultured with PMSCs,their expression levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-1β,iNOS,IL-6,and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P<0.05),while their expression levels of the anti-inflammatory factors of Arg-1 and S100A10 were significantly increased(P<0.05).Also,their expression levels of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway related proteins of TGF-β1,TβRⅠ,TβRⅡ,p-Smad2,and Smad3 were decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:PMSCs may inhibit the activation of A1 astrocytes through the TGF-β/Smad signaling path-way,by which reducing the astrocytic activation.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the targets and mechanisms of 7-hydroxyethyl chrysin (7-HEC) in prevention and treatment of high-altitude cerebral edema (HACE) in rats. METHODS: Fifty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, HACE model group, and 7-HEC-treated group (18 rats in each group). Except for the normal control group, rats in the two other groups were exposed to a hypobaric hypoxic chamber simulating a 7000 m altitude for 72 h to establish the HACE model. The 7-HEC-treated group was intraperitoneally injected with 7-HEC (150 mg·kg^－¹·d^－¹) for 3 consecutive days before modeling, while the model group received equivalent isotonic sodium chloride solution. Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) proteomics technology was used to detect differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with screening criteria set at a fold change >1.2 and P<0.05. Western blotting was used to verify the expression levels of target proteins. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, 256 DEPs were identified in the HACE model group. Compared with the HACE model group, 87 DEPs were identified in the 7-HEC-treated group. Among them, 19 DEPs that were dysregulated in the HACE model group were restored after 7-HEC intervention, of which seven (HSPA4, Arhgap20, SERT, HACL1, CCDC43, POLR3A, and PCBD1) were confirmed by Western blotting. GO enrichment analysis of the DEPs between the HACE model and 7-HEC-treated groups revealed their involvement in 13 biological processes, five cellular components, and two molecular functions. KEGG pathway analysis indicated associations with the mRNA surveillance pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, serotonergic synapse, RNA polymerase, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, peroxisome, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, folate biosynthesis. PPI network analysis demonstrated that HSPA4, POLR3A, and HACL1, which were validated by Western blotting, interacted with multiple signaling pathways and ranked among the top 20 hub proteins by degree value, suggesting their potential role as core regulatory factors. Arhgap20, SERT and PCBD1 also exhibited interactions with several proteins, suggesting their potential as key regulatory proteins, whereas no interactions for CCDC43 were identified. CONCLUSIONS This study applied TMT proteomics to identify seven potential therapeutic targets of 7-HEC for the prevention and treatment of HACE. These targets may be involved in the pathogenesis of HACE through multiple pathways, including maintaining cellular homeostasis, ameliorating oxidative stress, regulating energy metabolism, and reducing vascular permeability.
Animals ; Male ; Proteomics/methods* ; Rats, Wistar ; Flavonoids/therapeutic use* ; Rats ; Brain Edema/etiology* ; Altitude Sickness/metabolism* ; Protein Interaction Maps