Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a pathological state in which the cardiac ejection fraction is insufficient to meet an individual's metabolic needs owing to changes in the cardiac structure or function. Various etiologies such as myocardial infarction and inflammation are implicated, and the main symptoms are dyspnea, lower limb edema, fatigue, and discomfort during rest or exercise. CHF is the primary outcome of cardiovascular disease, and the increasing morbidity and mortality rates highlight the significant risks of this condition. According to traditional Chinese medicine, the pathogenesis of CHF is deficiency of heart qi and heart yang, which predominantly affects the heart, but may also impede the function of other zang-organs such as the spleen and kidney, and aggravate the symptoms of heart failure. With technological advancements and enhanced awareness of health conditions and disease prevention, China has promoted traditional medicine practices such as medicine and food homology (MFH), which has received increasing attention in recent years. This concept stipulates that certain medicines and foods have the same origin; ergo, these foods have medicinal properties, with many being used in the prevention and treatment of CHF. However, the efficacy and safety of MHF substances have yet to be determined, and there is no consensus regarding the development of disease prevention and treatment strategies. This article therefore reviews the current evidence for MFH in the prevention and treatment of CHF by summarizing the therapeutic potential of this practice and discussing treatment strategies and aims to improve the understanding of Chinese medicine and food homologous substances in the treatment of this condition, as well as highlight the current literature and avenues for future research.

BACKGROUND:The clearance pathway of metabolic waste in the brain is crucial for maintaining neural homeostasis.The accumulation of metabolic waste disrupts this equilibrium,representing a common pathological feature of many central nervous system diseases.In recent years,research focusing on the glymphatic system has emerged as a hotspot in the nervous system field.OBJECTIVE:To construct a knowledge map of glymphatic system research,visually analyze the current state of research,main hotspots,and future development trends within this area.METHODS:Utilizing CiteSpace,VOSviewer,and the Bibliometrix package in the R language environment,this study conducted an in-depth visual analysis of glymphatic system-related literature from the Web of Science Core Collection database,spanning from January 2012 to March 2024.This analysis included authors,institutions,countries,journals,keywords,and co-citation frequencies.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 687 related articles were included in this study.The number of publications in this field increased year by year,showing an explosive growth trend in the past three years.The countries,institutions,and authors with the largest number of publications in this research field were the United States,University of Rochester,and Professor Maiken Nedergaard.The journal with the highest number of publications was JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM.The high-frequent and high-central keywords mainly focused on the mechanism such as cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics,neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease,and imaging techniques such as diffusion tensor imaging.The literature with the highest co-citation frequency was a classic review of the glymphatic system.The above results show that the research of glymphatic system is an emerging and active field,which has attracted wide attention at home and abroad and gradually expand from theoretical research to clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the manager post competency evaluation scale in central sterile supply depart-ment based on the iceberg model and test its reliability and validity.METHODS A pool of items was constructed based on literature research and semi-structured interviews.The scale was further refined through expert meetings and a pilot survey.A convenience sampling method was used to select 362 managers from central sterile supply de-partments in medical institutions at various levels in Hunan Province in Jan.2024 as survey subjects.Question-naires were administered,and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.RESULTS The final version of the scale encompassed five dimensions:personal traits,management abilities,professional abilities,other abili-ties,professional knowledge and skills,with a total of 39 items.The item-level validity coefficients of the scale ranged from 0.83 to 1.00,and the content validity index was 0.93.Exploratory factor analysis revealed a Bartlett's test value of 4 723.828(P＜0.001),a KMO test coefficient of 0.937 and a cumulative variance explanation rate of 74.34％for the five common factors.Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the root mean square error of approximation(RSEMA)was＜0.08,the root mean square residual(RMR)was＜0.05,and both the incre-mental fit index(IFI)and comparative fit index(CFI)were＞0.9.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.977,the split-half reliability was 0.955,and the test-retest reliability was 0.952.CONCLUSIONS The manager post competency evaluation scale in central sterile supply departments developed in this study demonstrates rela-tively good reliability and validity.It can effectively evaluate manager post competency and provide references for improving related evaluation systems and optimizing training programs.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP and SinoMed databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes from database inception to May 8,2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 50 eligible articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the non-sarcopenic population,the phase angle was significantly reduced in sarcopenic patients[standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.99,95％ confidence interval (CI) (-1.09,-0.90),P<0.00001]. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that the difference of phase angle was more significant in patients with severe sarcopenia and Asian sarcopenia. Moreover,reduction in the phase angle was more obvious in patients with malignant tumors and respiratory diseases with sarcopenia. And skeletal muscle mass index (Pearson's r=0.565,P<0.00001),grip strength (Pearson's r=0.446,P<0.00001),and gait speed (Pearson's r=0.405,P<0.00001) all showed a moderate positive correlation with phase angle. However,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index showed a very weak positive correlation with phase angle (Pearson's r=0.139,P=0.02). CONCLUSION:Phase angle has a significant difference between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia population,and it is correlated with the diagnostic indexes of sarcopenia to different extents. It suggests that phase angle has some clinical values in the objective diagnosis of sarcopenia. However,the results may be influenced by some factors such as sarcopenia severity and detection instruments of phase angle. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes.METHODS:The PubMed,EMbase,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,CNKI,WanFang Data,VIP and SinoMed databases were electronically searched to collect studies on the correlation between phase angle and sarcopenia and its diagnostic indexes from database inception to May 8,2024. Two reviewers independently screened literature,extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of the included studies. Meta-analysis was then performed using RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software. RESULTS:A total of 50 eligible articles were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with the non-sarcopenic population,the phase angle was significantly reduced in sarcopenic patients[standardized mean difference (SMD)=-0.99,95％ confidence interval (CI) (-1.09,-0.90),P<0.00001]. The results of subgroup analysis indicated that the difference of phase angle was more significant in patients with severe sarcopenia and Asian sarcopenia. Moreover,reduction in the phase angle was more obvious in patients with malignant tumors and respiratory diseases with sarcopenia. And skeletal muscle mass index (Pearson's r=0.565,P<0.00001),grip strength (Pearson's r=0.446,P<0.00001),and gait speed (Pearson's r=0.405,P<0.00001) all showed a moderate positive correlation with phase angle. However,appendicular skeletal muscle mass index showed a very weak positive correlation with phase angle (Pearson's r=0.139,P=0.02). CONCLUSION:Phase angle has a significant difference between sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia population,and it is correlated with the diagnostic indexes of sarcopenia to different extents. It suggests that phase angle has some clinical values in the objective diagnosis of sarcopenia. However,the results may be influenced by some factors such as sarcopenia severity and detection instruments of phase angle. Due to the limited quality and quantity of the included studies,more high-quality studies are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Objective:To investigate the effects of echinatin(Ech)on the malignant biological behavior and immune escape of lung cancer A549 cells and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Normal lung epithelial cells(BEAS-2B)and A549 cells were routinely cultured and treated with different concentrations of Ech for 24h.Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay,and concentrations of 20,30,and 40 μmol/L were selected for subsequent experiments.A549 cells were divided into the following groups:control group(0 μmol/L Ech),low-(20 μmol/L),medium-(30 μmol/L),and high-concentration(40 μmol/L)Ech groups(Ech-L,Ech-M,Ech-H),and high-dose Ech combined with the pathway inhibitor H-151(1.0 μmol/L)group(Ech-H+H-151).Cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were evaluated using the EdU assay,wound-healing assay,and Transwell assay,respectively.Western blotting(WB)assay was applied to detect the expression of proteins related to proliferation,migration,invasion,and the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.Subsequently,A549 cells were co-cultured with CD8+T cells,and trypan blue staining was used to detect CD8+T cell viability.The levels of type Ⅰ interferon(IFN-Ⅰ)in the co-culture supernatants were detected by WB,while the levels of programmed death ligand 1(PD-L1),interleukin-10(IL-10),interleukin-4(IL-4),and transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)were determined using ELISA.Results:Ech inhibited the viability of A549 cells in a dose-dependent manner(all P<0.05)but had no significant effect on the viability of BEAS-2B cells.Ech dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of A549 cells(all P<0.05),as well as the protein expression of cyclinD1,Ki67,MMP2,MMP9,STING,p-TBK1 and p-IRF3(all P<0.05).These effects were partially reversed by H-151.Ech dose-dependently promoted the survival of CD8+T cells co-cultured with A549 cells(all P<0.05),enhanced IFN-Ⅰexpression(all P<0.05),and inhibited the secretion of PD-L1,IL-10,IL-4,and TGF-β(all P<0.05),with H-151 partially reversing these effects(all P<0.05).Conclusion:Ech inhibits malignant biological behavior and immune escape of lung cancer A549 cells by activating the STING/TBK1/IRF3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the value of noninvasive assessment of the 13C-methacetin breath test (13C-MBT) based on infrared isotope spectrometry for liver function reserve in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods:A total of 120 NAFLD patients met the diagnostic criteria,who admitted to Department of Liver Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2023 to January 2024,were prospectively selected. Patients were divided into three groups based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of FibroTouch:mild fibrosis group (LSM<7.0 kPa,n=40),moderate fibrosis group (7.0≤LSM<9.5 kPa) and severe fibrosis group (LSM≥9.5 kPa,n=40). Meanwhile,40 healthy subjects were selected as a healthy control group. All subjects underwent 13C-MBT and conventional liver function tests. The differences of 13C-MBT parameters and liver function indicators among various groups were compared,and the correlations between 13C-MBT parameters and the degree of liver fibrosis,and between liver function indexes and the degree of liver fibrosis were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the judgment ability of 13C-MBT parameters to the degree of liver fibrosis. Results:The 13C-MBT parameters in NAFLD patients were lower than those in healthy control group,and the differences were statistically significant (F=27.413,28.635,29.851,P<0.05). With the aggravation of liver fibrosis,13C-MBT parameters in NAFLD patients gradually decreased. The 13C-MBT parameters of severe fibrosis group were significantly lower than those in the mild and moderate fibrosis groups,with statistically significant differences (t=12.331,13.020,14.232,22.033,21.032,29.332,P<0.05),respectively. The 13C-MBT parameters were positively correlated with liver function indicators,and were negatively correlated with LSM,and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were>0.5,all of them showed statistically significant differences (r=0.375,-0.875,P<0.05). The 13C-MBT parameters had higher sensitivity and specificity in judging the degree of liver fibrosis. Taking MVmax40 as an example,when the limit value was 9.5 kPa,the sensitivity was 86.3％,and the specificity was 83.8％,and the accuracy was 85.0％,and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.913. Conclusion:13C-MBT based on infrared isotope spectrometry is a non-invasive,safe,rapid and accurate detection method,which can reflect the liver function reserve and liver fibrosis degree of NAFLD patients,and has important clinical value for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the manager post competency evaluation scale in central sterile supply depart-ment based on the iceberg model and test its reliability and validity.METHODS A pool of items was constructed based on literature research and semi-structured interviews.The scale was further refined through expert meetings and a pilot survey.A convenience sampling method was used to select 362 managers from central sterile supply de-partments in medical institutions at various levels in Hunan Province in Jan.2024 as survey subjects.Question-naires were administered,and the reliability and validity of the scale were tested.RESULTS The final version of the scale encompassed five dimensions:personal traits,management abilities,professional abilities,other abili-ties,professional knowledge and skills,with a total of 39 items.The item-level validity coefficients of the scale ranged from 0.83 to 1.00,and the content validity index was 0.93.Exploratory factor analysis revealed a Bartlett's test value of 4 723.828(P＜0.001),a KMO test coefficient of 0.937 and a cumulative variance explanation rate of 74.34％for the five common factors.Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the root mean square error of approximation(RSEMA)was＜0.08,the root mean square residual(RMR)was＜0.05,and both the incre-mental fit index(IFI)and comparative fit index(CFI)were＞0.9.The Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.977,the split-half reliability was 0.955,and the test-retest reliability was 0.952.CONCLUSIONS The manager post competency evaluation scale in central sterile supply departments developed in this study demonstrates rela-tively good reliability and validity.It can effectively evaluate manager post competency and provide references for improving related evaluation systems and optimizing training programs.

Objective:To evaluate the value of noninvasive assessment of the 13C-methacetin breath test (13C-MBT) based on infrared isotope spectrometry for liver function reserve in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods:A total of 120 NAFLD patients met the diagnostic criteria,who admitted to Department of Liver Diseases of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2023 to January 2024,were prospectively selected. Patients were divided into three groups based on liver stiffness measurement (LSM) of FibroTouch:mild fibrosis group (LSM<7.0 kPa,n=40),moderate fibrosis group (7.0≤LSM<9.5 kPa) and severe fibrosis group (LSM≥9.5 kPa,n=40). Meanwhile,40 healthy subjects were selected as a healthy control group. All subjects underwent 13C-MBT and conventional liver function tests. The differences of 13C-MBT parameters and liver function indicators among various groups were compared,and the correlations between 13C-MBT parameters and the degree of liver fibrosis,and between liver function indexes and the degree of liver fibrosis were analyzed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the judgment ability of 13C-MBT parameters to the degree of liver fibrosis. Results:The 13C-MBT parameters in NAFLD patients were lower than those in healthy control group,and the differences were statistically significant (F=27.413,28.635,29.851,P<0.05). With the aggravation of liver fibrosis,13C-MBT parameters in NAFLD patients gradually decreased. The 13C-MBT parameters of severe fibrosis group were significantly lower than those in the mild and moderate fibrosis groups,with statistically significant differences (t=12.331,13.020,14.232,22.033,21.032,29.332,P<0.05),respectively. The 13C-MBT parameters were positively correlated with liver function indicators,and were negatively correlated with LSM,and the absolute values of the correlation coefficients were>0.5,all of them showed statistically significant differences (r=0.375,-0.875,P<0.05). The 13C-MBT parameters had higher sensitivity and specificity in judging the degree of liver fibrosis. Taking MVmax40 as an example,when the limit value was 9.5 kPa,the sensitivity was 86.3％,and the specificity was 83.8％,and the accuracy was 85.0％,and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.913. Conclusion:13C-MBT based on infrared isotope spectrometry is a non-invasive,safe,rapid and accurate detection method,which can reflect the liver function reserve and liver fibrosis degree of NAFLD patients,and has important clinical value for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.

Objective Analyze the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory virus infections in Kunming area during 2023-2024,and explore the detection rates of different virus types and their distribution patterns across different time periods and age groups.Methods A total of 10354 nasopharyngeal swab or sputum samples were retrospectively collected from patients with acute respiratory infections who visited the Third People's Hospital of Kunming City between March 2023 and June 2024.Multiple pathogens were detected using real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)technology.A retrospective analysis was then conducted on the clinical laboratory detection results,statistically analyzing the overall detection rates of various respiratory viruses,multiple infection phenomena,gender differences,age distribution,seasonal variations,infection site differences,and monthly infection situations.Results Among the 10354 patient respiratory samples tested,3368 pathogen infections were detected,with a detection rate of 32.53%(3368/10354).204 patients presented with mixed infections of≥2 pathogens,with a mixed detection rate of 6.06%(204/3368).The single detection rate for females was significantly higher than males(P<0.001),and the multiple infection detection rate for males is significantly higher than females(P<0.05),indicating that males may have a higher risk of concurrent infections.Among different age groups,the virus detection rate was highest in the 5-18 years age group at 55.87%.Significant differences were observed in the detection rates of FluA,FluB,and SIV-H3 across different disease types(P<0.05).In March 2023,the detection rate was highest at 54.27%(5619/10354),with Influenza A virus(FluA)and seasonal influenza H3 subtype(SIV-H3)being the most detected pathogens.Conclusion In acute respiratory infection(ARI)cases in the Kunming area,FluA,FluB,and SIV-H3 were the primary viral pathogens,with the region's viral epidemic characteristics closely related to patient age stages,seasonal changes,and infection site factors.