Objective To explore the application value of anhydrous ethanol as an alternative to methanol in the preparation of chromosomal specimens from peripheral blood lymphocytes, and to establish a set of quantitative analytical methods for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of specimen preparation. Methods Residual blood samples from routine laboratory slide preparation were used for lymphocyte culture. The standard slide preparation method was employed. The fixative in the control group was methanol and glacial acetic acid (3∶1). Four experimental groups were set up based on the ratio of anhydrous ethanol to glacial acetic acid in the fixative (volume ratios of 3∶1, 5∶1, 7∶1, and 9∶1 for experimental groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively). A chromosomal analysis was conducted using an automated chromosome scanning/image analysis system to evaluate the morphology and dispersion of metaphase chromosomes in both control and experimental groups. Comparisons were made between the control and experimental groups regarding the dic + r aberration rate, ace aberration rate, chromosomal aberration rate, chromosome dispersion index, chromosome overlapping ratio, and dispersion index/overlapping ratio. Results Microscopic evaluation revealed that the preparation quality of experimental groups 1 and 2 was comparable to the control group. No statistically significant differences were observed in dic + r aberration rate between each of the experimental groups and the control (P > 0.05). All experimental groups except group 4 showed no significant differences in ace aberration rate and chromosome aberration rate compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Experimental groups 1 and 2 showed no significant differences in chromosome dispersion index, overlapping ratio, and dispersion index/overlapping ratio compared with the control group (P > 0.05). Conclusion A mixture of anhydrous ethanol and glacial acetic acid at a 5∶1 ratio is recommended for use as a fixative in the preparation of chromosomal specimens from peripheral blood lymphocytes. A quantitative index system for assessing the quality of chromosomal specimens was established, enabling objective evaluation of slide preparation effectiveness.

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.
Humans ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging* ; Child ; Consensus

Objective To investigate the expression level of circular RNA circ-Tns3 in Alzheimer's disease(AD)mice and its role in Aβ-induced neuronal damage.Methods Five APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice and 5 wild-type(WT)mice,weighting of 23～26 g and aged 6 months were subjected in the study.Morris water maze test was used to assess learning and memory abilities,and immunohistochemical staining was performed to observe the number of Aβ plaques in the hippocampal tissue.Subsequently,total RNA was extracted from the brains to detect the differential expression of circRNAs between AD and WT mice,and the results were further analyzed with Gene Ontology(GO)analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathway analysis.The top 6 differentially expressed circRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR(RT-qPCR).In in vitro experiments,Aβ1-42 was used to treat neuronal cells to establish AD cell model,and si-circ-Tns3 was transfected into Aβ1-42-treated neuronal cells to knock down circ-Tns3.RT-qPCR was used to determine the expression levels of circ-Tns3 and miR-671-5p.Cell viability and apoptotic rate were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL staining,respectively.The levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and malondialdehyde(MDA)were measured using corresponding kits,and the levels of inflammatory factors IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α were detected with ELISA.The interaction between circ-Tns3 and miR-671-5p was verified by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation(RIP)assay.The expression level of Sirt1 protein was detected by Western blotting.Results The 6-month-old AD mice exhibited significant cognitive impairment and Aβ deposition(P<0.01).There were 269 differentially expressed circRNAs identified between AD and WT mice,of which 159 were up-regulated and 110 down-regulated.GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that these differentially expressed circRNAs were mainly involved in synaptic transmission,memory,and cholinergic synapse signaling pathways.The expression of circ-Tns3 was significantly increased not only in the brain tissue of AD mice but also in neuronal cells after Aβ1-42 treatment.In cellular experiments,knockdown of circ-Tns3 significantly reduced cell viability and number of apoptotic cells in Aβ1-42-treated neuronal cells,decreased MDA content,increased SOD activity,and reduced the levels of IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α(P<0.01).The starBase database predicted that circ-Tns3 and miR-671-5p have complementary sequences,and dual-luciferase reporter and RIP assays confirmed their interaction.The bioinformatics database predicted that miR-671-5p and sirt1 have complementary sequences.Western blotting indicated that in neuronal cells treated with Aβ1-42,the expression of sirt1 was increased after knockdown of circ-Tns3(P<0.01).In Aβ1-42-treated neuronal cells,after knockdown of circ-Tns3,addition of miR-671-5p inhibitor significantly decreased the expression level of sirt1 protein(P<0.01).Conclusions circ-Tns3 is highly expressed in AD mice and cell model of AD.Knocking circ-Tns3 down improves neuronal damage.circ-Tns3 may be involved in the neuronal damage through regulating sirt 1 protein by binding to miR-671-5p.

Abdominal aortic balloon occlusion is an emerging interventional treatment method,which has been used to control the risk of postpartum hemorrhage caused by pernicious placenta previa(PPP).Numerous studies have shown that abdominal aortic balloon occlusion can not only significantly reduce the difficulty and risk of surgery,shorten the time spent for surgery,but also further increase the success rate of surgery,which undoubtedly has a positive impact on both the delivery woman and neonate.This paper aims to make a brief introduction of the development history of abdominal aortic balloon occlusion and its technical principles,and to expound the timing of using abdominal aortic balloon occlusion and the clinical application of the balloon with different properties,focusing on the advantages of using abdominal aortic balloon in patients with PPP.It is expected that this paper can provide a reference for formulating clinical treatment strategies.

Objective:To investigate the expression and role of DEAD-box RNA helicases 5(DDX5 helicases)in head and neck squamous carcinoma(HNSCC).Methods:Tissue microarray microarray was used to assess relevant mRNA expression profile data,and R software was used to screen differential mRNAs(DEGs).The expression level of DDX5 was predicted using GEPIA 2,TCGA databases,and detected by immunohistochemistry,western blot and RT-qPCR in the HNSCC tissue and cell lines.Based on high-throughput sequencing data of DECs,differentially expressed miRNAs(DEMIs)relevant DDX5 competitive endogenous RNA network(ceRNA)was constructed.The software cytoscape was used to visualize the ceRNA network map and further screen the regulatory ax-is.Results:The results of microarray screening revealed that DDX5 expression in HNSCC was upregulated.Immunohistochemistry ver-ified that DDX5 was stronger expressed in the nuclei of squamous carcinoma cells.qPCR results suggested that significant expression of DDX5 mRNA at the tissue and cellular levels(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed high expression of DDX5 protein in the tissues.The ceRNA network was constructed,from which the relevant HNSCC axis circRNA-039626-miR-222-5p-DDX5 was identified.Con-clusion:DDX5 is highly expressed in HNSCC,and the circRNA-039626-miR-222-5p-DDX5 axis may be a potential regulatory axis for the development of HNSCC.

BACKGROUND:Traditional 3D dental segmentation methods usually utilize predefined spatial geometric features,such as curvature and normal vectors,as the reference information for tooth segmentation. OBJECTIVE:To propose an algorithm for complex 3D dental segmentation and deeply explore the correlation between segmentation results and application scenarios. METHODS:A 3D dental segmentation algorithm based on dual stream extraction of structural features and spatial features was established,and the modular design of split flow was used to avoid feature confusion.Among them,the attention mechanism on the structural feature flow was used to capture the fine-grained semantic information required for tooth segmentation,and the Tran Net based on the spatial feature flow was used to ensure the robustness of the model to complex tooth and jaw segmentation.This algorithm verified its effectiveness and reliability based on clinical datasets including healthy dental jaws and complex dental jaws such as missing teeth,malocclusion and dentition crowding.The segmentation performance of the model was measured in terms of overall accuracy,mean intersection over union,and directional cut discrepancy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The overall segmentation accuracy of this algorithm in the clinical data set is 97.08%,and the segmentation effect is superior to that of other competitive methods from the qualitative and quantitative perspectives.It is verified that the structural feature flow designed in this paper can extract more precise local details of tooth shape from coordinate and normal information by constructing an attention aggregation mechanism,and the spatial feature flow designed in this paper can ensure the robustness of the model to complex teeth such as missing teeth,dislocated teeth,and crowded dentition by constructing a transformation network(Tran Net).Therefore,this tooth segmentation algorithm is highly reliable for clinicians'practical reference.

Objective To establish a standardized management system for oral drug administration through nasal feeding and observe its clinical implementation effect.Methods Authoritative books and drug instructions at home and abroad were consulted,and relevant literature at home and abroad was searched to evaluate the situation of nasal feeding administration,so as to determine the unreasonable factors in clinical nasal feeding administration.Relevant keywords were used to search in the databases,in order to determine the standardized literature and screen the best evidence for the standardized management of patients with intranasal administration of oral drugs.The GRADE grading method was used,the evidence was graded,the comprehensive evidence formed the nasal feeding administration management standard,and evidence-based practice was carried out.The recognition rates of nasal feeding,overall correct answer rates,rational results of medication and adverse events of medical staff and pharmacists before and after the implementation of management standards were compared.Results Compared to before the implementation of the management standard for oral drug administration through nasal feeding,after the establishment and implementation of the management standard for oral drug administration through nasal feeding,the awareness rate and overall accuracy rate of nasal feeding among medical staffand pharmacists increased,the unreasonable situations of nasal feeding administration decreased,the adverse events of nasal feeding administration decreased,and there were statistical significant differences between groups before and after implementation(P<0.05).Conclusion The establishment of standardized management for oral drug administration through nasal feeding has a positive effect on improving the awareness of medical staff towards nasal feeding,reducing the occurrence of unreasonable nasal feeding and adverse events.

Innate immunity is the first line of the host cell defensing against viral infection,in which the pattern recognition re-ceptors(PRRs)such as Toll-like receptors(TLRs)and retinoic acid induces gene Ⅰ-like receptors(RLRs)play an important role.After virus infection,mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein(MAVS)in PRRs-mediated signaling pathway,which are of the com-mon linker molecule for downstream signal transmission,can receive signals transmitted by upstream TLR and RIG-Ⅰ,activate down-stream NF-κB and IRF3/7 signaling pathways leading to the activation of interferon(IFN)expression.Therefore MAVS acts as a bridge in the innate immune signaling pathway.More and more studies have shown that viruses have evolved a series of mechanism to escape the innate immune response over the long course of their evolution,and evaded the host's antiviral immune response by interfer-ing with multiple sites in the MAVS-mediated signaling pathway so as to complete its own replication and proliferation.In this paper,the role of MAVS in IFN-Ⅰ pathway and its latest research progress in the mechanism of anti-DNA viruses and anti-RNA viruses reac-tion are reviewed,providing theoretical basis for further studying the detailed mechanism of anti-virus of MAVS.

Objective:TP53-abnormal MDS/acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients’ allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) treatment’s effectiveness and influencing factors should be studied.Methods:42 patients with TP53 gene status change MDS/AML who underwent allo-HSCT from 2014.8.1 to 2021.7.31 at the Hematology Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were the subject of a retrospective analysis. The 42 patients were divided into three groups: the TP53 deletion group (group A) , TP53 mono-alle mutation group (group B) , and TP53 multi-hit group (group C) . The differences in clinical features and prognostic factors after transplantation were analyzed.Results:There were 42 MDS/AML patients, including 21 patients with MDS, and 21 patients with AML. The median follow-up period was 34.0 (7.5-75.0) months and the median patient age at the time of transplantation was 41.5 (18-63) years old. The total OS was 66.3% (95% CI 53.4%-82.4%) in 3 years after transplantation, and EFS was 61.0% (95% CI 47.7%-78.0%) in 3 years. For 3 years after receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, there were no statistically significant differences in 3-year OS and EFS in groups A, B, and C ( P≥0.05) . The 3 years OS was 82.5% (95% CI 63.1%-100.0%) in group A, 60.6% (95% CI 43.5%-84.4%) in group B, and 57.1% (95% CI 30.1%-100.0%) in group C. Univariate analysis revealed that the number of co-mutant genes, pre-HSCT treatment, and disease type did not affect prognosis, while age, karyotype, co-mutation, positive blast cell before transplantation, and positive blast cell after transplantation were common prognostic factors for OS and EFS ( P<0.1) . MRD levels before transplantation were found to be independent risk factors for OS ( P=0.037, HR=33.40, 95% CI 1.24-901.17) in a multivariate analysis. Conclusion:Patients with MDS/AML who have TP53 mutations can benefit from allo-HSCT, but patients with complex karyotypes have a worse prognosis. Meanwhile, the final flow cytometry (FCM) monitoring blast cell test before HSCT has a certain guiding significance for prognostic assessment.

Cervical cancer is a common malignant tumor of female reproductive system. The treatment of cervical cancer is based on surgery and radiotherapy (or concurrent chemoradiation). Lower extremity lymphedema (LEL) is a frequent complication after cervical cancer treatment, which significantly affects the quality of life of patients. Both pelvic surgery and radiation for cervical cancer can lead to LEL. The risk factors for LEL are complicated and involving characteristics regarding patient (age, comorbidities, lifestyle, etc.), tumor [International Federation of gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, lymph node metastasis, etc.], and treatment (number of resected lymph nodes, removal of circumflex iliac nodes, adjuvant therapy, etc.). Comprehensive measures are proposed to prevent cervical cancer patients from LEL, and further investigations in terms of effectiveness are warranted.