Objective: To investigate the mechanism by which serum amyloid P component (SAP) alleviates periodontitis in mice, providing an experimental basis to establish SAP as a novel therapeutic agent for periodontitis. Methods: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Periodontitis models were established in wild-type (WT) mice and SAP-transgenic (SAP-Tg) mice, divided into four groups: WT control (WT group), WT periodontitis (WT+P group), SAP-Tg control (Tg group), and SAP-Tg periodontitis (Tg+P group). On day 7, the mice were euthanized, and periodontal tissues, teeth, and alveolar bone were collected. SAP protein expression was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Micro-CT and HE staining were used to measure alveolar bone resorption (distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining was performed to assess osteoclast number, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to evaluate macrophage infiltration. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were measured by qRT-PCR. Oral microorganism composition was analyzed using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing. Additionally, macrophages from WT and SAP-Tg mice were isolated to establish an in vitro inflammation model, divided into WT+LPS and Tg+LPS groups. The expression of macrophage polarization-related genes including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), CD86, CD163, and CD206) were assessed by qRT-PCR. After the induction of osteoclast differentiation, TRAP staining was performed. Results: ELISA results demonstrated that periodontal tissues from Tg+P group mice exhibited higher levels of SAP expression compared to the WT+P group. Micro-CT and HE staining analyses revealed that the Tg+P group showed reduced alveolar bone resorption, indicated by a shorter distance between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar bone crest, compared to the WT+P group. Furthermore, TRAP staining results indicated a decrease in osteoclast numbers in the Tg+P group compared to the WT+P group. IHC and qRT-PCR results indicated reduced macrophage infiltration and decreased expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the Tg+P group. Oral microorganism sequencing showed no significant difference in periodontitis-associated pathogenic bacteria between WT+P and Tg+P groups. In vitro experiments demonstrated that compared to the WT+LPS group, the Tg+LPS group exhibited downregulated M1 macrophage markers (iNOS and CD86) and upregulated M2 macrophage markers (CD163 and CD206). TRAP staining confirmed fewer osteoclasts in the Tg+LPS group. Conclusion SAP overexpression effectively alleviates periodontitis severity in mice by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression, and suppressing osteoclast differentiation, thereby attenuating alveolar bone resorption.

Objective:To observe the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on cognitive impairment due to high-altitude hypoxia.Methods:Sixty officers and soldiers displaying cognitive impairment in a hypoxic high-altitude environment were randomly divided into 15Hz, 20Hz and 25Hz groups, each of 20. They were given rTMS at those frequencies for 30 days. Before the stimulation and after 15 and 30 days, event-related potentials, latencies of mismatched negativity (MMN) and P300 signals were recorded. The participants′ cognition was also evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Correlation between the electrophysiological indexes and the MoCA scores was computed.Results:After 15 days, all had shorter MMN latencies, higher total MoCA scores and better memory scores. The only significant difference among the three groups was in the average memory scores. After 15 days, MMN latency was significantly negatively correlated with the memory scores in all three groups ( r=0.44 to -0.54). Conclusions:rTMS at frequencies above 15Hz can effectively relieve cognitive impairment, especially memory dysfunction, resulting from high-altitude hypoxia.

Objective:To investigate impacts of paeoniflorin on inflammation and nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)signal pathway in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model rats.Meth-ods:SD rats were randomly grouped into model group,glucosamine group,paeoniflorin low-dose group,paeoniflorin high-dose group,paeoniflorin high-dose+phorbol ester(PMA)(NF-κB activator)group,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were regarded as control group,and only knee joint capsule was cut,after treatment with glucosamine,paeoniflorin and PMA,joint pain symptoms of rats were detected by mechanical stimulation method and thermal radiation method;knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thick-ness were measured;HE staining was applied to detect joint tissue structure and morphology of rats in each group;levels of inflamma-tory factors IL-1β,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1)and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum of rats were detected by ELISA;and Western blot was applied to detect expressions of NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway related proteins in rat joint tissue.Results:Com-pared with control group,joint tissue structure of model group was significantly damaged,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sen-sitivity pain threshold were significantly lower(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were higher(P<0.05).Compared with model group,joint tissue damage of rats in glucosamine group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was reduced,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sensitivity pain threshold were higher(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expressions of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were lower(P<0.05);joint tissue injury of rats in paeoniflorin high-dose group was further reduced compared with paeoniflorin low-dose group,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sensitivity pain threshold were further higher(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were further lower(P<0.05).Compared with paeoniflorin high-dose group,joint tissue damage of rats in paeoniflorin high-dose+PMA group was increased,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sensitivity pain threshold were lower(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were higher(P<0.05);there was no significant change in all indexes of rats in glucosamine group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Paeoniflorin can play an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway,thus alleviating joint injury and joint pain symptoms of KOA rats.

Objective:To explore the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) combined with shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of urethral stricture.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with urethral stricture were recruited, and preoperative retrograde urography, common urethral ultrasound, and CEUS were used to measure the length of the stricture site, and SWE was used to detect the elasticity value of the stricture site and its nearby spongiosum. Intraoperative urethral stricture lesion site measurements were performed to confirm the actual lesion location and length during surgery and to compare them with the lengths measured in the preoperative examination;4 months after surgery, SWE was used to detect the stiffness of the surgical site and to assess the surgical efficacy and prognosis.Results:The stenosis length measured by CEUS and intraoperative measurement had no statistical difference: (4.41 ± 1.47) cm vs. (4.37 ± 1.36) cm, t = 0.22, P>0.05. The elastic value in urethra stenosis in SWE was higher than that in normal urethra: (33.1 ± 6.7) kPa vs. (23.3 ± 4.1) kPa, there was statistical difference ( t = 13.67, P<0.05). The elastic value of unobstructed urethra and that of normal urethra after reconstruction had no statistical difference ( t = 0.95, P>0.05). Conclusions:CEUS combined with SWE is a safe, accurate and effective method to evaluate urethral stricture. SWE can be used to measure postoperative outcomes and recurrence.

Objective To explore the role of dapansutrile(OLT1177)in radiation-induced intestinal injury and the mechanism.Methods C57BL/6J mice were locally irradiated in the abdomen with 60Co to induce a model of radiation-induced intestinal injury.OLT1177 was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 100 mg/kg 2 hours before irradiation and 6 hours after irradiation before the drug was administered once a day.At 12 hours after irradiation,intestinal tissues were taken for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling(TUNEL)staining to detect apoptosis in intestinal tissues.At 4 days after irradiation,mouse serum was collected to detect the levels of inflammatory factors in the serum.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)stainingwas used for the evaluation of the damage to the intestinal villus structure.Immunohistochemical staining was adopted to detect the changes in crypt proliferation in intestinal tissues.Finally,proteins were isolated from intestinal tissues,and Western blotting was employed to evaluate the activation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)inflammasome.Results After irradiation,the intestinal villi in mice were shortened.Meanwhile,there was a notable declinein the number of cells that were proliferating in the crypts,a surge in the number of apoptotic cells,and a significant spike in the overall inflammatory level.However,administration of OLT1177 inhibited the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome,reduced apoptosis and pyroptosis,decreased the inflammatory level,and thus improved radiation-induced intestinal injury.Conclusion Administration of OLT1177 can significantly mitigate radiation-induced intestinal injury.

Objective:To investigate impacts of paeoniflorin on inflammation and nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB)/nucleotide-binding oligomeric domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)signal pathway in knee osteoarthritis(KOA)model rats.Meth-ods:SD rats were randomly grouped into model group,glucosamine group,paeoniflorin low-dose group,paeoniflorin high-dose group,paeoniflorin high-dose+phorbol ester(PMA)(NF-κB activator)group,with 10 rats in each group,another 10 rats were regarded as control group,and only knee joint capsule was cut,after treatment with glucosamine,paeoniflorin and PMA,joint pain symptoms of rats were detected by mechanical stimulation method and thermal radiation method;knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thick-ness were measured;HE staining was applied to detect joint tissue structure and morphology of rats in each group;levels of inflamma-tory factors IL-1β,monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1)and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum of rats were detected by ELISA;and Western blot was applied to detect expressions of NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway related proteins in rat joint tissue.Results:Com-pared with control group,joint tissue structure of model group was significantly damaged,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sen-sitivity pain threshold were significantly lower(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were higher(P<0.05).Compared with model group,joint tissue damage of rats in glucosamine group,paeoniflorin low-dose group and paeoniflorin high-dose group was reduced,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sensitivity pain threshold were higher(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expressions of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were lower(P<0.05);joint tissue injury of rats in paeoniflorin high-dose group was further reduced compared with paeoniflorin low-dose group,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sensitivity pain threshold were further higher(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were further lower(P<0.05).Compared with paeoniflorin high-dose group,joint tissue damage of rats in paeoniflorin high-dose+PMA group was increased,mechanical pain threshold and thermal sensitivity pain threshold were lower(P<0.05),knee joint width,joint swelling and synovial thickness,levels of IL-1β,MCP-1 and IL-9 in joint fluid and serum,and expression of p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65 and NLRP3 proteins in joint tissue were higher(P<0.05);there was no significant change in all indexes of rats in glucosamine group(P>0.05).Conclusion:Paeoniflorin can play an anti-inflammatory role by down-regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 signal pathway,thus alleviating joint injury and joint pain symptoms of KOA rats.

Objective:To explore the value of contrast enhanced ultrasonography(CEUS) combined with shear wave elastography (SWE) in the diagnosis of urethral stricture.Methods:One hundred and twenty patients with urethral stricture were recruited, and preoperative retrograde urography, common urethral ultrasound, and CEUS were used to measure the length of the stricture site, and SWE was used to detect the elasticity value of the stricture site and its nearby spongiosum. Intraoperative urethral stricture lesion site measurements were performed to confirm the actual lesion location and length during surgery and to compare them with the lengths measured in the preoperative examination;4 months after surgery, SWE was used to detect the stiffness of the surgical site and to assess the surgical efficacy and prognosis.Results:The stenosis length measured by CEUS and intraoperative measurement had no statistical difference: (4.41 ± 1.47) cm vs. (4.37 ± 1.36) cm, t = 0.22, P>0.05. The elastic value in urethra stenosis in SWE was higher than that in normal urethra: (33.1 ± 6.7) kPa vs. (23.3 ± 4.1) kPa, there was statistical difference ( t = 13.67, P<0.05). The elastic value of unobstructed urethra and that of normal urethra after reconstruction had no statistical difference ( t = 0.95, P>0.05). Conclusions:CEUS combined with SWE is a safe, accurate and effective method to evaluate urethral stricture. SWE can be used to measure postoperative outcomes and recurrence.

Objective:To observe the effect of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at different frequencies on cognitive impairment due to high-altitude hypoxia.Methods:Sixty officers and soldiers displaying cognitive impairment in a hypoxic high-altitude environment were randomly divided into 15Hz, 20Hz and 25Hz groups, each of 20. They were given rTMS at those frequencies for 30 days. Before the stimulation and after 15 and 30 days, event-related potentials, latencies of mismatched negativity (MMN) and P300 signals were recorded. The participants′ cognition was also evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Correlation between the electrophysiological indexes and the MoCA scores was computed.Results:After 15 days, all had shorter MMN latencies, higher total MoCA scores and better memory scores. The only significant difference among the three groups was in the average memory scores. After 15 days, MMN latency was significantly negatively correlated with the memory scores in all three groups ( r=0.44 to -0.54). Conclusions:rTMS at frequencies above 15Hz can effectively relieve cognitive impairment, especially memory dysfunction, resulting from high-altitude hypoxia.

Cryoablation therapy with explicit anti-tumor mechanisms and histopathological manifestations has a long history.A large number of clinical practice has shown that cryoablation therapy is safe and effective,making it an ideal tumor treatment method in theory.Previously,its efficacy and clinical application were constrained by the limitations of refrigerants and refrigeration equipment.With the development of the new generation of cryoablation equipment represented by argon helium knives,significant progress has been made in refrigeration efficien-cy,ablation range,and precise temperature measurement,greatly promoting the progression of tumor cryoablation technology.This consensus systematically summarizes the mechanism of cryoablation technology,indications for oral mucosal melanoma(OMM)cryotherapy,clinical treatment process,adverse reactions and management,cryotherapy combination therapy,etc.,aiming to provide reference for carrying out the standardized cryoablation therapy of OMM.

Osteoarthritis （OA） is characterized by articular cartilage degeneration， synovial hyperplasia， hyperosteogeny， and narrowing of joint space， which can be caused by trauma， inflammation， and other factors. With the increasing global population aging， the incidence of OA is rising year by year， making it a major public health problem that urgently needs to be addressed. Exploring effective treatment schemes is particularly important. The pathogenesis of OA is complex， including oxidative stress， autophagy， and apoptosis. Recent studies have found that ferroptosis， a new type of cell death， is also an important pathogenic factor in OA， characterized by a series of complex changes such as iron ion accumulation， glutathione （GSH） depletion， and mitochondrial dysfunction. Research shows that inhibiting ferroptosis in chondrocytes can promote chondrocyte proliferation， delay extracellular matrix （ECM） degradation， and reduce synovial hyperplasia and inflammation. Targeting ferroptosis is a new direction in the treatment of OA. OA treatment includes intra-articular injections of steroids or hyaluronic acid and artificial joint replacement， but there are limitations. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been widely used in the treatment of various diseases because of its low cost， low drug resistance， and few side effects. Cell and animal experiments have further confirmed that TCM can intervene in the treatment of OA with ferroptosis from multiple targets， multiple levels， and aspects， but the mechanism of its treatment of OA based on ferroptosis has not been clarified. This paper discussed iron metabolism， lipid peroxidation， cysteine/glutamate transporter system Xc^- （system Xc^-）/GSH/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） pathway， nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate（NADPH）/ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 （FSP1）/coenzyme Q₁₀ （CoQ₁₀） pathway， tumor protein p53 in OA， and related molecular targets of Chinese medicine monomers and compounds on ferroptosis inhibition. Their potential therapeutic mechanisms were further analyzed to provide theoretical guidance for the treatment of OA by TCM and useful reference for the research and development of related drugs.