Objective:To investigate the efficacy of transvaginal three-dimensional (3D)ultrasound in diagnosing different types of cervical adhesions and the relationship between relevant quantitative parameters and the degree of adhesion in patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 112 patients with suspected intrauterine adhesions who were treated at Ankang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2020 to September 2023. All patients underwent both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound examinations. The diagnostic efficacy of the two imaging modalities for identifying intrauterine adhesions and different types of intrauterine adhesions was compared. Additionally, the relationship between transvaginal ultrasound parameters and the severity of intrauterine adhesions in patients was analyzed.Results:Among the 112 patients, 96 were diagnosed with intrauterine adhesions and 16 with non-adhesions through hysteroscopy. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transvaginal 3D ultrasound for diagnosing intrauterine adhesions were found to be 92.7%, 93.8%, and 92.9%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those for transvaginal 2D ultrasound, which had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 81.3%, 60.3%, and 78.6%, respectively ( χ2 = 5.57, 4.57, 9.33, all P < 0.05). When examining different types of intrauterine adhesions, the sensitivity (93.5%, 87.5%, and 84.6%), specificity (98.5%, 97.7%, and 96.5%), and accuracy (96.4%, 95.5%, and 93.8%) of 3D ultrasound for central, peripheral, and mixed types were all significantly higher than those of transvaginal 2D ultrasound (73.9%, 62.5%, and 53.9% for sensitivity; 89.4%, 89.8%, and 88.4% for specificity; and 83.0%, 83.9%, and 80.4% for accuracy) ( χ2 = 6.45, 4.00, 5.78, 4.79, 4.75, 4.08, 10.90, 8.19, 8.91, all P < 0.05). The vascularization blood flow index, vascularization index, and blood flow index for mild adhesions were (0.91 ± 0.11), (3.44 ± 0.41), and (23.94 ± 2.46), respectively. For moderate adhesions, these indices were (0.53 ± 0.06), (2.63 ± 0.31), and (20.14 ± 2.09), and for severe adhesions, they were (0.29 ± 0.04), (1.41 ± 0.17), and (18.01 ± 1.93). The differences among these groups were statistically significant ( F = 319.09, 180.36, 48.19, all P < 0.001). Conclusions:The diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal 3D ultrasound for intrauterine adhesions and the classification of these adhesions is superior to that of conventional transvaginal 2D ultrasound. Additionally, the relevant quantitative parameters are closely associated with the degree of intrauterine adhesions in patients.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of transvaginal three-dimensional (3D)ultrasound in diagnosing different types of cervical adhesions and the relationship between relevant quantitative parameters and the degree of adhesion in patients.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 112 patients with suspected intrauterine adhesions who were treated at Ankang Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2020 to September 2023. All patients underwent both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D ultrasound examinations. The diagnostic efficacy of the two imaging modalities for identifying intrauterine adhesions and different types of intrauterine adhesions was compared. Additionally, the relationship between transvaginal ultrasound parameters and the severity of intrauterine adhesions in patients was analyzed.Results:Among the 112 patients, 96 were diagnosed with intrauterine adhesions and 16 with non-adhesions through hysteroscopy. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of transvaginal 3D ultrasound for diagnosing intrauterine adhesions were found to be 92.7%, 93.8%, and 92.9%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those for transvaginal 2D ultrasound, which had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 81.3%, 60.3%, and 78.6%, respectively ( χ2 = 5.57, 4.57, 9.33, all P < 0.05). When examining different types of intrauterine adhesions, the sensitivity (93.5%, 87.5%, and 84.6%), specificity (98.5%, 97.7%, and 96.5%), and accuracy (96.4%, 95.5%, and 93.8%) of 3D ultrasound for central, peripheral, and mixed types were all significantly higher than those of transvaginal 2D ultrasound (73.9%, 62.5%, and 53.9% for sensitivity; 89.4%, 89.8%, and 88.4% for specificity; and 83.0%, 83.9%, and 80.4% for accuracy) ( χ2 = 6.45, 4.00, 5.78, 4.79, 4.75, 4.08, 10.90, 8.19, 8.91, all P < 0.05). The vascularization blood flow index, vascularization index, and blood flow index for mild adhesions were (0.91 ± 0.11), (3.44 ± 0.41), and (23.94 ± 2.46), respectively. For moderate adhesions, these indices were (0.53 ± 0.06), (2.63 ± 0.31), and (20.14 ± 2.09), and for severe adhesions, they were (0.29 ± 0.04), (1.41 ± 0.17), and (18.01 ± 1.93). The differences among these groups were statistically significant ( F = 319.09, 180.36, 48.19, all P < 0.001). Conclusions:The diagnostic efficacy of transvaginal 3D ultrasound for intrauterine adhesions and the classification of these adhesions is superior to that of conventional transvaginal 2D ultrasound. Additionally, the relevant quantitative parameters are closely associated with the degree of intrauterine adhesions in patients.

Western bioethics,with its theoretical basis in individualism,is essentially a form of universalist ethics that makes it difficult to respond to the complexities of moral life.Scholars represented by Engelhardt and MacIntyre have profoundly reflected on universalist ethics from the perspective of moral pluralism,but they have not been able to fundamentally resolve the disputes.Grasping the theoretical lineage of the controversy between universalism and particularism can provide an important reference for the construction of bioethics based on Confucianism in contemporary China.Furthermore,from the perspective of opposing universalism and particularism,as well as in response to the issues of the era of life science and technology and the cultural background of China,it can not only realize the modern interpretation of Confucian ethics,but also promote the effective application of modern bioethics theory.

Objective This study was to analysis the epidemiologic characteristics of hand-foot-month (HFMD) in Shenzhen during 2015-2016,to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of HFMD.Methods 7 758 statistical data from Shenzhen children's hospital clinical lab during 2015-2016 was included.We used real time fluorescent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to detect enterovirus general (EV),enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A group 16 (CoxA16),and analyzed the age,sex and epidemic time of the patients.Results In 2015 and 2016,the positive rate of EV was 67.19％ (2679/3987) and 52.61％ (1 984/3 771) respectively,with statistically significant difference (x2 =71.84,P ＜ 0.05).The radio of male to female children was 1.91∶1 (1 757/922) and 1.83∶1 (l 283/701) in 2015 and 2016,with statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The age of the children was ＜ 5 years old,accounting for more than 90％ of the total number of patients.April to July and September were the two peaks of HFMD.The enterovirus of hand foot and mouth disease in Shenzhen was dominated by other enteroviruses (more than 82％ of the total number of patients).With the increase of age,the proportion of EV71 in children with severe hand and foot was increasing,and the proportion of other enteroviruses was decreasing.Conclusions Vaccination is one of the important measures of HFMD control.It's beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of HFMD to collected epidemiologic characteristics data about HFMD in Shenzhen.