Objective:A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to sunburn.Methods:Data were downloaded from the Gene-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of the IEU Open GWAS project, and a two-sample bidirectional MR was conducted. In the forward MR analysis, the exposure factors were skin color, ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and education attainment, while the outcome factor was sunburn. In the reverse MR analysis, the exposure factor was sunburn, while the outcome factors were skin color, ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and education attainment. The data were analyzed using the "TwoSampleMR" package in R version 4.2.3. The result of the MR analysis were interpreted using the odds ratio ( OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the analysis, we set a significance threshold of P-value<5×10 -8 (if sufficient instrumental variables cannot be obtained, the threshold will be adjusted to P-value<5×10 -6), eliminated linkage disequilibrium (with R2<0.001 and within a regional range of 10 000 kb), and screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly related to the research content, which would be set in the analysis as instrumental variables (IVs). For eligible IVs, a MR was conducted using the MR Egger, Weighted median, Inverse variance weighted (IVW), Simple mode, and Weighted mode method to explore the causal relationships between sunburn and various factors. The result obtained by the IVW method were taken as the main outcome indicator and summarized into a forest plot, while other method were used to supplement the IVW result. The heterogeneity of the IVs was evaluated by the Cochran Q-test. The direction of the causal effect and heterogeneity were evaluated through the scatter plot. The sensitivity of the result was analyzed by the leave-one-out test. The funnel plot was used to assess the potential bias. Results:9 851 867 SNPs related to skin color, 9 851 867 SNPs related to ease of skin tanning, 11 972 414 SNPs related to skin pigmentation, 9 851 867 SNPs related to facial aging, 16 121 213 SNPs related to atopic dermatitis, 24 191 078 SNPs related to contact dermatitis, 24 187 496 SNPs related to urticaria, 11 972 619 SNPs related to education attainment were obtained from the GWAS database. A total of 11 976 212 SNPs were obtained from the sunburn dataset. In the forward MR analysis, the IVW result showed a significant negative correlation between skin color and sunburn ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.66-0.70, P<0.001); and a significant positive correlation between the ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, education attainment, and sunburn (ease of skin tanning: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.29-1.32, P<0.001; skin pigmentation: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.66-1.87, P<0.001; facial aging: OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.67-3.04, P<0.001; atopic dermatitis: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.010; contact dermatitis: OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.031; education attainment: OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.22-1.36, P<0.001); while urticaria was not statistically significant ( P=0.056). The Cochran Q-test and scatter plot showed that there was a significant negative correlation between skin color and sunburn and a positive correlations between the ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, education attainment and sunburn. There was some heterogeneity among the IVs in research. The result of the leave-one-out test showed that no SNPs had a distinct impact on the causal effect, and the result of the forward MR analysis were relatively stable. The result of the funnel plot showed that the included SNPs were symmetrically distributed, and there was no potential bias in the result. In the reverse MR analysis, the IVW result showed a significant negative correlation between sunburn and skin color ( OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.12-0.21, P<0.001); and a significant positive correlation between sunburn and ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging (ease of skin tanning: OR=26.78, 95% CI: 20.52-34.93, P<0.001; skin pigmentation: OR=3.12, 95% CI: 2.57-3.78, P<0.001; facial aging: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.24-1.37, P<0.001); while atopic dermatitis ( P=0.477), contact dermatitis ( P=0.318), urticaria ( P=0.328) and education attainment ( P=0.627) as outcome factors were not statistically significant. The Cochran Q-test and scatter plot showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sunburn and skin color and a positive correlations between sunburn and ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging. There was some heterogeneity among the IVs in research. The result of the leave-one-out test showed that no SNPs had a distinct impact on the causal effect, and the result of the reverse MR analysis were relatively stable. The result of the funnel plot showed that the included SNPs were symmetrically distributed, and there was no potential bias in the result . Conclusions:Skin color and sunburn are protective factors against each other; ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, and facial aging are bidirectional risk factors of sunburn; atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and education attainment are risk factors of sunburn.

Objective:To explore the current status of quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and its influencing factors based on the health ecology model (HEM) , and to provide a scientific basis for the development of health education programs for RA patients.Methods:From November 2023 to April 2024, 230 RA patients in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, were selected for the study using convenience sampling method. Patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases in RA (QLICD-RA) , Health Literacy Management Scale, Social Support Rate Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Chronic Disease Self-Management Study Measures, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Visual Analogue Scale. Pearson and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between quality of life and health literacy, social support, disease perception, self-management behaviors, fear of disease progression, fear of exercise, medication adherence, pain catastrophizing, and pain in RA patients. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the quality of life of RA patients.Results:A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed and 228 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 99.13% (228/230) . The total QLICD-RA score of 228 RA patients was (137.53±27.57) . Duration of disease, disease perception, pain, pain catastrophizing, self-management behavior, joint deformity, morning stiffness duration, gastrointestinal response, sleep, social support, and main economic sources were the factors influencing the quality of life of RA patients ( P<0.05) , explaining 83.6% of the total variance. Conclusions:The quality of life of RA patients is moderate, and its influencing factors are distributed at all levels of HEM. Healthcare professionals can optimize the health education program for the main influencing factors of each layer, focusing on guiding patients to correctly understand the disease, stimulating the subjective initiative of patients, enhancing the ability of patients to actively manage the disease, and improving the quality of life of patients.

Objective:A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to sunburn.Methods:Data were downloaded from the Gene-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) of the IEU Open GWAS project, and a two-sample bidirectional MR was conducted. In the forward MR analysis, the exposure factors were skin color, ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and education attainment, while the outcome factor was sunburn. In the reverse MR analysis, the exposure factor was sunburn, while the outcome factors were skin color, ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, urticaria, and education attainment. The data were analyzed using the "TwoSampleMR" package in R version 4.2.3. The result of the MR analysis were interpreted using the odds ratio ( OR) and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI), and a P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the analysis, we set a significance threshold of P-value<5×10 -8 (if sufficient instrumental variables cannot be obtained, the threshold will be adjusted to P-value<5×10 -6), eliminated linkage disequilibrium (with R2<0.001 and within a regional range of 10 000 kb), and screened single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were significantly related to the research content, which would be set in the analysis as instrumental variables (IVs). For eligible IVs, a MR was conducted using the MR Egger, Weighted median, Inverse variance weighted (IVW), Simple mode, and Weighted mode method to explore the causal relationships between sunburn and various factors. The result obtained by the IVW method were taken as the main outcome indicator and summarized into a forest plot, while other method were used to supplement the IVW result. The heterogeneity of the IVs was evaluated by the Cochran Q-test. The direction of the causal effect and heterogeneity were evaluated through the scatter plot. The sensitivity of the result was analyzed by the leave-one-out test. The funnel plot was used to assess the potential bias. Results:9 851 867 SNPs related to skin color, 9 851 867 SNPs related to ease of skin tanning, 11 972 414 SNPs related to skin pigmentation, 9 851 867 SNPs related to facial aging, 16 121 213 SNPs related to atopic dermatitis, 24 191 078 SNPs related to contact dermatitis, 24 187 496 SNPs related to urticaria, 11 972 619 SNPs related to education attainment were obtained from the GWAS database. A total of 11 976 212 SNPs were obtained from the sunburn dataset. In the forward MR analysis, the IVW result showed a significant negative correlation between skin color and sunburn ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.66-0.70, P<0.001); and a significant positive correlation between the ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, education attainment, and sunburn (ease of skin tanning: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.29-1.32, P<0.001; skin pigmentation: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.66-1.87, P<0.001; facial aging: OR=2.25, 95% CI: 1.67-3.04, P<0.001; atopic dermatitis: OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.00-1.03, P=0.010; contact dermatitis: OR=1.01, 95% CI: 1.00-1.01, P=0.031; education attainment: OR=1.29, 95% CI: 1.22-1.36, P<0.001); while urticaria was not statistically significant ( P=0.056). The Cochran Q-test and scatter plot showed that there was a significant negative correlation between skin color and sunburn and a positive correlations between the ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, education attainment and sunburn. There was some heterogeneity among the IVs in research. The result of the leave-one-out test showed that no SNPs had a distinct impact on the causal effect, and the result of the forward MR analysis were relatively stable. The result of the funnel plot showed that the included SNPs were symmetrically distributed, and there was no potential bias in the result. In the reverse MR analysis, the IVW result showed a significant negative correlation between sunburn and skin color ( OR=0.16, 95% CI: 0.12-0.21, P<0.001); and a significant positive correlation between sunburn and ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging (ease of skin tanning: OR=26.78, 95% CI: 20.52-34.93, P<0.001; skin pigmentation: OR=3.12, 95% CI: 2.57-3.78, P<0.001; facial aging: OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.24-1.37, P<0.001); while atopic dermatitis ( P=0.477), contact dermatitis ( P=0.318), urticaria ( P=0.328) and education attainment ( P=0.627) as outcome factors were not statistically significant. The Cochran Q-test and scatter plot showed that there was a significant negative correlation between sunburn and skin color and a positive correlations between sunburn and ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, facial aging. There was some heterogeneity among the IVs in research. The result of the leave-one-out test showed that no SNPs had a distinct impact on the causal effect, and the result of the reverse MR analysis were relatively stable. The result of the funnel plot showed that the included SNPs were symmetrically distributed, and there was no potential bias in the result . Conclusions:Skin color and sunburn are protective factors against each other; ease of skin tanning, skin pigmentation, and facial aging are bidirectional risk factors of sunburn; atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and education attainment are risk factors of sunburn.

Objective:To explore the current status of quality of life of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and its influencing factors based on the health ecology model (HEM) , and to provide a scientific basis for the development of health education programs for RA patients.Methods:From November 2023 to April 2024, 230 RA patients in the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, were selected for the study using convenience sampling method. Patients were surveyed using the General Information Questionnaire, Quality of Life Instruments for Chronic Diseases in RA (QLICD-RA) , Health Literacy Management Scale, Social Support Rate Scale, Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, Pain Catastrophizing Scale, Chronic Disease Self-Management Study Measures, Fear of Progression Questionnaire-Short Form, Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia and Visual Analogue Scale. Pearson and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between quality of life and health literacy, social support, disease perception, self-management behaviors, fear of disease progression, fear of exercise, medication adherence, pain catastrophizing, and pain in RA patients. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the quality of life of RA patients.Results:A total of 230 questionnaires were distributed and 228 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a valid recovery rate of 99.13% (228/230) . The total QLICD-RA score of 228 RA patients was (137.53±27.57) . Duration of disease, disease perception, pain, pain catastrophizing, self-management behavior, joint deformity, morning stiffness duration, gastrointestinal response, sleep, social support, and main economic sources were the factors influencing the quality of life of RA patients ( P<0.05) , explaining 83.6% of the total variance. Conclusions:The quality of life of RA patients is moderate, and its influencing factors are distributed at all levels of HEM. Healthcare professionals can optimize the health education program for the main influencing factors of each layer, focusing on guiding patients to correctly understand the disease, stimulating the subjective initiative of patients, enhancing the ability of patients to actively manage the disease, and improving the quality of life of patients.

Objective To discuss the application value of XperCT combined with needle-guided Glubran-2 glue for small pulmonary nodule localization in thoracoscopic pulmonary nodule resection.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients,who received XperCT combined with needle-guided Glubran-2 glue for small pulmonary nodule localization before thoracoscopic resection of a single small pulmonary nodule at the Jining Municipal First People's Hospital of China between June 2018 and February 2023,were retrospectively analyzed.The size of the pulmonary nodule,the maximum vertical distance from the visceral pleura to the lesion,the technical success rate of localization,the number of puncturing times,the complications,the time spent for operation,and the postoperative pathological diagnosis were recorded.Results The average size of the small pulmonary nodules in the 67 patients was 8.7 mm,and the average vertical distance from the visceral pleura to the lesion was 19.4 mm.Successful preoperative localization of nodule was accomplished in all patients.The average number of puncturing times was 1.1,and no serious complications occurred.The average time spent for operation was 12.7 min.Definite pathological results were obtained in all 67 patients.Conclusion XperCT combined with needle-guided Glubran-2 glue for small pulmonary nodule localization carries advantage of accurate localization with fewer complications.Therefore,this technique is a highly-efficient and quickly-accomplished positioning method,and it is highly valuable in clinical practice.(J Intervent Radiol,2024,33:623-626)

Objective To observe the effect of transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE)with Glubran-2 glue for treating hemorrhage after percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage(PTCD).Methods Data of 17 patients with hemorrhage after PTCD who underwent TAE with Glubran-2 glue were retrospectively analyzed.The technical success rate,clinical success rate and complications were observed.The red blood cell(RBC)and hemoglobin(Hb)on the day of TAE and the next day of TAE were compared,also the glutamic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT)level before TAE,on the next day of TAE,on the second and the fourth day after TAE,respectively.Results The offending vessel of bleeding was successfully embolized in all 17 cases,both technical success rate of TAE and clinical success rate of hemostasis were 100%.There was no serious complication such as liver abscess,septicemia nor pulmonary embolism.No significant difference of RBC nor Hb was found between the day of TAE and the next day of TAE(both P＞0.05).GPT before TAE was lower than the next day of TAE and the second day after TAE(P＜0.05),while no significant difference of GPT was found before TAE and 4 days after TAE(P＞0.05).Conclusion TAE with Glubran-2 glue for treating hemorrhage after PTCD was safe and effective.

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is complicated and infection might affect multiple layers. It is difficult to identify and locate the degree and range of infection accurately before the operation. Thus, complete debridement tends to be challenging because of potential above-mentioned issues. Then it would lead to recurrence and further deterioration of the disease postoperatively. Timely and efficient diagnostic methods could promote early diagnosis of DSWI, and locate the focus of infection accurately so as to deal with it in time. This paper compares and summarizes the existing diagnostic methods for DSWI at home and abroad, such as microbiological examination, imaging examination, clinical symptoms and signs, in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of DSWI.

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is complicated and infection might affect multiple layers. It is difficult to identify and locate the degree and range of infection accurately before the operation. Thus, complete debridement tends to be challenging because of potential above-mentioned issues. Then it would lead to recurrence and further deterioration of the disease postoperatively. Timely and efficient diagnostic methods could promote early diagnosis of DSWI, and locate the focus of infection accurately so as to deal with it in time. This paper compares and summarizes the existing diagnostic methods for DSWI at home and abroad, such as microbiological examination, imaging examination, clinical symptoms and signs, in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of DSWI.

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is complicated and infection might affect multiple layers. It is difficult to identify and locate the degree and range of infection accurately before the operation. Thus, complete debridement tends to be challenging because of potential above-mentioned issues. Then it would lead to recurrence and further deterioration of the disease postoperatively. Timely and efficient diagnostic methods could promote early diagnosis of DSWI, and locate the focus of infection accurately so as to deal with it in time. This paper compares and summarizes the existing diagnostic methods for DSWI at home and abroad, such as microbiological examination, imaging examination, clinical symptoms and signs, in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of DSWI.

Deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) is complicated and infection might affect multiple layers. It is difficult to identify and locate the degree and range of infection accurately before the operation. Thus, complete debridement tends to be challenging because of potential above-mentioned issues. Then it would lead to recurrence and further deterioration of the disease postoperatively. Timely and efficient diagnostic methods could promote early diagnosis of DSWI, and locate the focus of infection accurately so as to deal with it in time. This paper compares and summarizes the existing diagnostic methods for DSWI at home and abroad, such as microbiological examination, imaging examination, clinical symptoms and signs, in order to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and treatment of DSWI.