Objective To analyze the clinical and therapeutic characteristics of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-negative posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the context of specific cases and literature. Methods A case of EBV-negative DLBCL (GCB type) after kidney transplantation is reported. The patient was a 45-year-old male who underwent living-related kidney transplantation in 2016 and has been receiving triple immunosuppressive therapy with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone since then. In 2024, the patient presented with intermittent fever, night sweats and gastrointestinal symptoms. The diagnosis was confirmed by endoscopic pathology, immunohistochemical staining and positron emission tomography/computed tomography. The R-CDOP regimen (rituximab + cyclophosphamide + liposomal doxorubicin + vincristine + dexamethasone) was used for treatment. Results The patient was diagnosed with EBV-negative DLBCL (GCB type, Ann Arbor stage Ⅳ B). After 4 cycles of R-CDOP chemotherapy, the efficacy assessment was partial remission, and the transplant kidney function remained stable. Conclusions For EBV-negative PTLD after kidney transplantation, it is necessary to break through the "virus-dependent" diagnostic thinking. In clinical practice, the focus should be on protecting the transplant kidney, and individualized treatment plans should be developed for patients.

Objective To explore the application value of preoperative nebulized inhalation of esket-amine in pediatric snoring surgery under general anesthesia.Methods A total of 145 children who were sched-uled to undergo elective pediatric snoring surgery in this hospital from January to December 2023 were select-ed and divided into the control group,the NC group and the ES group by random number table method,with 48,49,48 cases in each group,respectively.The control group was given routine preoperative preparations,the NC group was nebulized and inhaled normal saline before the operation,and the ES group was nebulized and inhaled esketamine solution before the operation.The awakening time,extubation time,post-anesthesia care u-nit(PACU)stay time,direct care time,choking cough score after awakening,visual analogue scale(VAS)for pain,restlessness score,incidence of restlessness and occurrence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups of children.Results Compared with the control group and the NC group,the recovery time,ex-tubation time,PACU stay time,direct care time,choking cough score after awaking,VAS,restlessness score and the incidence of restlessness in the ES group were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).There was no statis-tically significant difference in the above indicators between the NC group and the control group(P＞0.05).No adverse reactions occurred in any of the three groups of children during the recovery period from general anesthesia.Conclusion Preoperative nebulized inhalation of esketamine can effectively accelerate the recovery and extubation time of children undergoing general anesthesia for snoring surgery,alleviate choking,pain and restlessness reactions,and reduce direct care time.

Objective:To express NY-ESO-1 epitopes using circular RNA (circRNA) and construct circRNA cancer vaccines using a novel lipid-like material C1, and to evaluate the transfection efficiency and T cell activation potential at cellular level.Methods:In vitro transcription was used to synthesize mRNA and circRNA expressing EGFP and NY-ESO-1 epitopes. Then, they were transfected into COS7 cells and the expression of target proteins were detected in vitro. Lipid-like material C1 and commercial transfection agent TransIT-mRNA were used as delivery systems for mRNA NY-ESO-1 and circRNA NY-ESO-1, and their delivery efficiency was compared. Results:The expression of EGFP was observed under fluorescence microscopy after transfection of mRNA EGFP and circRNA EGFP into COS7 cells for 24 h. The secretion of IFN-γ by T cell receptor-engineered T (TCR-T) cells targeting NY-ESO-1/HLA-A2 was stimulated by COS7-A*02: 01 cells transfected with mRNA NY-ESO-1 and circRNA NY-ESO-1. Compared with mRNA NY-ESO-1, circRNA NY-ESO-1 was able to express the target antigen and stimulate the target cells to release IFN-γ more persistently. The delivery efficiency of C1 material was better than that of commercial transfection reagents when COS7 cells were transfected in vitro. Conclusions:Compared with the linear mRNA, transfection of COS7-A*02: 01 cells with circRNA can lead to more efficient and durable activation of T cells, suggesting that it could be a more suitable candidate for clinical treatment of tumors in the future. The lipid-like material C1 can effectively deliver linear mRNA and circular RNA molecules. This study provides reference for further research on circRNA tumor vaccines.

Objective:To evaluate the post-marketing safety and immunogenicity of a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23).Methods:From September 2020 to June 2021, a clinical trial of single-dose PPV23 was conducted in people ≥3 years old in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Guizhou, Hunan and Fujian provinces. Blood samples were collects from the subjects before and 30 d after vaccination. ELISA was used to quantitatively detect IgG antibodies against capsular polysaccharides of 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in serum samples. The adverse events (AEs) were monitored within 7 d after vaccination. Results:A total of 409 subjects were enrolled and included in safety analysis. Except for one with antibody level inversion, the other 408 participants were included in immunogenicity analysis. The levels of antibodies against the 23 Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes were all increased after vaccination by an average of 4.24 folds. The two-fold growth rates of the antibodies ranged from 51.72% to 96.81% with a total two-fold growth rate of 78.59%. The overall rate of AEs was 27.14% (111/409). Local AEs were mainly pain, induration, redness and swollen. No serious adverse events related to vaccination occurred. Conclusions:This study preliminarily demonstrated the good immunogenicity and safety of PPV23 vaccine.

Objective:To investigate the effects of removable periodontal splint combined with minocycline on periodontal indexes and tooth aesthetics in patients with severe periodontal disease.Methods:A total of 102 patients with severe periodontal disease treated in the School and Hospital of Stomatology, China Medical University from November 2018 to April 2020 were included in this study. They were randomly allocated into study and control groups ( n = 51/group). The control group was subject to repair with removable periodontal splint based on routine interventions. The study group was subject to medication with minocycline in addition to the treatments used in the control group. Clinical efficacy, periodontal status (sulcus bleeding index, plaque index, periodontal pocket depth) and gingival crevicular fluid inflammatory factors (transforming growth factor β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, interleukin-6, matrix metalloproteinase-8) and bone metabolism indexes [osteocalcin, N-terminal procollagen of type I (PINP), N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) levels], comfort and aesthetics scores, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups. Results:Total response rate was significantly higher in the study group than in the control group [94.12% (48/51) vs. 80.39% (41/51), χ2 = 4.32, P < 0.05]. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, sulcus bleeding index (1.32 ± 0.41, 1.11 ± 0.36), plaque index (1.51 ± 0.44, 1.32 ± 0.51), periodontal pocket depth [(3.29 ± 0.70) mm, (2.51 ± 0.63) mm] were significantly lower in the study group than in the control group [1.65 ± 0.39, 1.45 ± 0.38, 1.92 ± 0.42, 1.88 ± 0.49, (5.05 ± 0.79) mm, (3.82 ± 0.86) mm, t = 4.16, 4.63, 4.81, 5.65, 11.90, 8.77, all P < 0.001]. At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the level of transforming growth factor β in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher, and the level of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly lower, in the study group compared with the control group (both P < 0.001). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the level of osteocalcin in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly higher, and the level of C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen in the gingival crevicular fluid was significantly lower, in the study group compared with the control group ( t = -9.97, -10.71, -5.77, -7.40, 7.24, 16.11, all P < 0.001). At 1 and 3 months after treatment, the scores of comfort and aesthetics in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t = 7.49, 8.26, 7.84, 9.10, all P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction in the study group was significantly higher than that in the control group (94.12% vs. 80.39%, χ2 = 4.32, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Repair with a removable periodontal splint combined with minocycline can increase the therapeutic effects through reducing periodontal inflammation and regulating bone metabolism, thereby improving the periodontal condition, and improving tooth comfort and aesthetics and patient satisfaction in patients with severe periodontal disease.

The complexity of oral ulcerations poses considerable diagnostic and therapeutic challenges to oral specialists. The expert consensus was conducted to summarize the diagnostic work-up for difficult and complicated oral ulcers, based on factors such as detailed clinical medical history inquiry, histopathological examination, and ulceration-related systemic diseases screening. Not only it can provide a standardized procedure of oral ulceration, but also it can improve the diagnostic efficiency, in order to avoid misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.
Consensus ; Humans ; Oral Ulcer/therapy*

The administration of nanoparticles (NPs) first faces the challenges of evading renal filtration and clearance of reticuloendothelial system (RES). After that, NPs infiltrate through the expanded endothelial space and penetrated the dense stroma of tumor microenvironment to tumor cells. As long as possible to prolong the time of NPs remaining in tumor tissue, NPs release active agent and induce pharmacological action. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the physical and chemical properties of NPs and the influence of various biological factors in tumor microenvironment, and discusses how to improve the final efficacy through adjusting the characteristics and structure of NPs. Perspectives and future directions are also provided.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of down-regulating lncRNA LINC00263 targeting miR-4458 on the proliferation, migration, invasion and radiosensitivity of breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells.Methods:The expression differences of LINC00263 in breast cancer tissues, adjacent tissues, normal breast epithelial cells and breast cancer cells were determined by qRT-PCR. Transfection of LINC00263 shRNA in breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells down-regulated the expression of LINC00263, and the cloning experiment was used to detect the radiosensitivity. Breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells were treated with 6 Gy irradiation. CCK-8 assay was employed to detect cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was adopted to detect cell apoptosis. Transwell chamber test was performed to detect cell migration and invasion. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of C-Caspase-3 and C-Caspase-9, MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins. Bioinformatics software predicted that LINC00263 and miR-4458 had complementary binding sites, and the luciferase reporter system was utilized determine the targeting relationship between LINC00263 and miR-4458. LINC00263 shRNA and miR-4458 inhibitor were co-transfected into breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells, and 6 Gy irradiation was given to detect the changes in cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration.Results:The expression level of LINC00263 in breast cancer tissues was higher than that in adjacent tissues. The expression level of LINC00263 in breast cancer cells was higher compared with that in normal breast epithelial cells. The radiosensitivity of breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells was increased after transfection of LINC00263 shRNA. Transfection of LINC00263 shRNA and radiation exerted a synergistic effect, jointly inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion, promoted cell apoptosis, up-regulated the expression levels of C-Caspase-3 and C-Caspase-9 proteins in cells, and down-regulated those of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins. Down-regulation of LINC00263 targetedly up-regulated miR-4458 expression. miR-4458 inhibitor reversed the inhibitory effect of LINC00263 shRNA combined with radiation on the proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis promotion of breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells.Conclusion:Down-regulating lncRNA LINC00263 targeting miR-4458 inhibits the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer SK-BR-3 cells, and improves cell radiosensitivity.

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) has been reported to be related to Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). Porphyromonas gingivalis peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), a virulence factor released by P. gingivalis, is known to induce inflammatory responses. To explore the pathological relationships between PPAD and UC, we used homologous recombination technology to construct a P. gingivalis strain in which the PPAD gene was deleted (Δppad) and a Δppad strain in which the PPAD gene was restored (comΔppad). C57BL/6 mice were orally gavaged with saline, P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad twice a week for the entire 40 days (days 0-40), and then, UC was induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) solution for 10 days (days 31-40). P. gingivalis and comΔppad exacerbated DDS-induced colitis, which was determined by assessing the parameters of colon length, disease activity index, and histological activity index, but Δppad failed to exacerbate DDS-induced colitis. Flow cytometry and ELISA revealed that compared with Δppad, P. gingivalis, and comΔppad increased T helper 17 (Th17) cell numbers and interleukin (IL)-17 production but decreased regulatory T cells (Tregs) numbers and IL-10 production in the spleens of mice with UC. We also cocultured P. gingivalis, Δppad, or comΔppad with T lymphocytes in vitro and found that P. gingivalis and comΔppad significantly increased Th17 cell numbers and decreased Treg cell numbers. Immunofluorescence staining of colon tissue paraffin sections also confirmed these results. The results suggested that P. gingivalis exacerbated the severity of UC in part via PPAD.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative/microbiology* ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Porphyromonas gingivalis/pathogenicity* ; Protein-Arginine Deiminases ; Virulence Factors

To investigate the effect of serine/threonine-protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF)-activated long-chain non-coding RNA (lncRNA-BANCR) on apoptosis and autophagy in thyroid carcinoma cells and the underlying mechanisms.
 Methods: RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of lncRNA-BANCR in thyroid carcinoma and normal thyroid tissues. The association between lncRNA-BANCR and clinicopathological data was analyzed in patients with thyroid cancer. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect the effect of lncRNA-BANCR on the proliferation of thyroid cancer cells. The effect of lncRNA-BANCR on the apoptosis of thyroid carcinoma cells was detected by flow cytometry. Transwell invasion assay was used to detect the effect of lncRNA-BANCR on the invasive ability of thyroid cancer cells. Western blot was used to detect the changes of autophagy proteins LC3-I and LC3-II after the lncRNA-BANCR expression was suppressed.
 Results: Compared with normal thyroid tissues, the expression level of lncRNA-BANCR in thyroid carcinoma tissues was elevated (P<0.05). The expression of lncRNA-BANCR was positively related to the pathological stage of thyroid carcinoma and the lymph node metastasis. Inhibition of lncRNA-BANCR expression attenuated the proliferation and invasion ability of thyroid cancer cells (both P<0.05); but the apoptosis was enhanced (P<0.05); the expression levels of autophagy protein LC3-I and LC3-II were also increased (P<0.05).
 Conclusion: The expression level of lncRNA-BANCR affects the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of thyroid cancer cells through modulation of autophagy behavior.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf ; metabolism ; RNA, Long Noncoding ; metabolism ; Serine ; metabolism ; Threonine ; metabolism ; Thyroid Gland ; cytology ; metabolism ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology