Objective To investigate the association between baseline depression and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengguan District of Lanzhou.Methods A total of 4471 residents who were followed up in Chengguan District,Lanzhou City from August 2014 to July 2016 in the 2011 REACTION study were selected as the research subjects.According to the 9-item patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9),they were divided into the non-depression group with a score of 0～4 points(ND,n=3827),the mild depression group with a score of 5～10 points(MD,n=546)and the moderate to severe depression group with a score of≥10 points(MSD,n=98).The general data and biochemical indicators of the three groups were compared.The correlation between depression status and glycolipid metabolism indicators was analyzed.The follow-up results of the three groups with different baseline glucose metabolism status populations were compared.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of progression in different glucose metabolism populations.Results The married rate in the ND,MD and MSD groups decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while the rate of living alone and the PHQ-9 score increased(P<0.05).The female population,family history of DM,coronary heart disease,LDL-C and TC in the MD group were higher than those in the ND group(P<0.05),while the age,BMI,WHR,FPG and 2 hPG in the MD group were lower than those in the ND group(P<0.05).The family history of DM in the MSD group was higher than those in the ND group(P<0.05),drinking and LDL-C in the MSD group were higher than those in the MD group(P<0.05),the BMI was lower than that in the ND group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the baseline PHQ-9 score was negatively correlated with FPG level(r=-0.039,P<0.05),and positively correlated with HDL-C and TC(r=0.049,0.031,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of pre-DM and T2DM at the end of follow-up among the three groups with different baseline glucose metabolism(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,the risk of pre-DM and T2DM in normal glucose tolerance people with different depression status and the risk of T2DM in pre-DM patients were not increased.Conclusions Depressive state may not be the main factor affecting the occurrence of T2DM in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengguan District of Lanzhou.

Objective To investigate the association between baseline depression and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengguan District of Lanzhou.Methods A total of 4471 residents who were followed up in Chengguan District,Lanzhou City from August 2014 to July 2016 in the 2011 REACTION study were selected as the research subjects.According to the 9-item patient health questionnaire(PHQ-9),they were divided into the non-depression group with a score of 0～4 points(ND,n=3827),the mild depression group with a score of 5～10 points(MD,n=546)and the moderate to severe depression group with a score of≥10 points(MSD,n=98).The general data and biochemical indicators of the three groups were compared.The correlation between depression status and glycolipid metabolism indicators was analyzed.The follow-up results of the three groups with different baseline glucose metabolism status populations were compared.Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of progression in different glucose metabolism populations.Results The married rate in the ND,MD and MSD groups decreased sequentially(P<0.05),while the rate of living alone and the PHQ-9 score increased(P<0.05).The female population,family history of DM,coronary heart disease,LDL-C and TC in the MD group were higher than those in the ND group(P<0.05),while the age,BMI,WHR,FPG and 2 hPG in the MD group were lower than those in the ND group(P<0.05).The family history of DM in the MSD group was higher than those in the ND group(P<0.05),drinking and LDL-C in the MSD group were higher than those in the MD group(P<0.05),the BMI was lower than that in the ND group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that the baseline PHQ-9 score was negatively correlated with FPG level(r=-0.039,P<0.05),and positively correlated with HDL-C and TC(r=0.049,0.031,P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of pre-DM and T2DM at the end of follow-up among the three groups with different baseline glucose metabolism(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors,the risk of pre-DM and T2DM in normal glucose tolerance people with different depression status and the risk of T2DM in pre-DM patients were not increased.Conclusions Depressive state may not be the main factor affecting the occurrence of T2DM in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengguan District of Lanzhou.

ObjectiveTo analyze the effect of moderate intensity aerobic combined with low intensity resistance exercise on old patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension. MethodsFrom November, 2021 to May, 2022, 16 patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension in Wuhan Donghu Hospital were divided into control group (n = 8) and experimental group (n = 8). Based on the World Health Organization Family of International Classification (WHO-FICs), the exercise intervention program was constructed. The control group accepted routine treatment, and the experimental group accepted moderate intensity aerobic combined with low intensity resistance exercise in addition, for eight weeks. They were measured lung function and cardiac function with cardiopulmonary exercise test system, and assessed with Timed 'Up and Go' Test, 6-Minute Walk Distance, 2-Minute Step Test, 30-Second Sit to Stand Test and grip strength before and after intervention. ResultsThe vital capacity, forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in the first second, forced expiratory volume in the one second as percentage of predicted volume, peak expiratory flow and maximal voluntary ventilation improved in the experimental after intervention (|t| > 2.391, P < 0.05), and the vital capacity, force vital capacity and maximal voluntary ventilation were more in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.207, P < 0.05). Peak oxygen uptake, anaerobic subthreshold oxygen uptake, metabolic equivalents, oxygen pulse, maximum work load and exercise load time improved in the experimental group after intervention (|t| > 2.823, P < 0.05), and they all were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.295, P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure improved in both the groups (|t| > 4.608, P < 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure improved in the experimental group (t = 5.964, P < 0.01); while systolic blood pressure was less in the experimental group than in the control group (t = -3.654, P < 0.01). The performances of Timed 'Up and Go' Test, 6-Minute Walk Distance, 2-Minute Step Test, 30-Second Sit to Stand Test and grip strength improved in the experimental group after intervention (|t| > 2.996, P < 0.05), and all the performances were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.220, P < 0.05). ConclusionThe moderate intensity aerobic combined with low resistance exercise developed based on WHO-FICs can improve the cardiac function, lung function, cardiac load and motor function of old patients with coronary heart disease and hypertension.

BACKGROUND: Childhood adversities pose deleterious consequences on health and well-being, but limited studies explore whether unique patterns of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) impact the mental health of emerging adults and the mediating role of current stressful events (CSEs). This study examined classes of ACEs and how they relate to CSEs, psychological distress, and subjective well-being among Eritrean College undergraduates. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on ACEs, CSEs, symptoms of psychological distress, and subjective well-being were collected from a national sample of college students (N = 507). We identified ACE patterns using latent class analysis and further examined whether CSEs mediated the effects of ACE classes on psychological distress and subjective well-being. RESULTS: 86.4% of the sample experienced at least one ACE. Collective violence, domestic violence, and physical abuse were the most common ACEs. Three subgroups, low ACEs (66.3%), household violence (19.1%), and multiple ACEs (14.6%) were identified. We found that relative to low ACEs, household violence (β = 0.142, 95% CI 0.046, 0.248) and multiple ACEs (β = 0.501, 95% CI 0.357, 0.666) indirectly influenced psychological distress through CSEs, and CSEs mediated the relationships between household violence (β = -0.096, 95% CI -0.176, -0.033), multiple ACEs (β = -0.338, 95% CI -0.498, -0.210), and subjective well-being. However, there were nonsignificant relative direct effects of ACE patterns on both psychological distress and subjective well-being. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing multiple ACEs and household violence in conjunction with CSEs significantly predict psychological distress and subjective well-being. Contextual interventions for the early identification of ACEs and the management of CSEs may play a crucial role in the prevention of mental health problems.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Adverse Childhood Experiences/statistics & numerical data* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Latent Class Analysis ; Male ; Mental Health/statistics & numerical data* ; Models, Psychological ; Prevalence ; Stress, Psychological/psychology* ; Students/statistics & numerical data* ; Universities ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: Decreased heart rate variability (HRV) is a predictor of autonomic system dysfunction, and is considered as a potential mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) induced by exposure to particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM METHODS: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of panel studies till November 1, 2019 was conducted to evaluate the acute effect of exposure to ambient PM RESULTS: A total of 33 panel studies were included in our meta-analysis, with 16 studies conducted in North America, 12 studies in Asia, and 5 studies in Europe. The pooled results showed a 10 μg/m CONCLUSION Short-term exposure to PM
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Air Pollution/analysis* ; Female ; Heart Rate/drug effects* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Particulate Matter/analysis* ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation of different glucose metabolism statues with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals in Lanzhou. METHODS: Based on the baseline data of REACTION Study in Lanzhou area, we randomly sampled 10 038 residents aged 40-75 years in 3 communities in Lanzhou, who were classified into normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and diabetes groups. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were used to assess the renal function and albuminuria, respectively. Binary logistic regression was performed to analyze the contribution of the risk factors to CKD. Polynominal regression was used to determine the trends of eGFR with the increment of ACR. RESULTS: Among all the participants, the prevalences of albuminuria, CKD and renal insufficiency (RI) were 26.2%, 27.4% and 2.5%, respectively. The prevalence of albuminuria, CKD and RI were significantly higher in the diabetes group than in IGR and NGT groups ( CONCLUSIONS Diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for albuminuria and RI, while IGR is not. Screening for albuminuria and eGFR is highly recommended for individuals with diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, especially in women and the elderly population.
Adult ; Aged ; Albuminuria/epidemiology* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology* ; Female ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glucose ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors

Objective To investigate the incidence of functional constipation ( FC) in submariners and its impact on their psychological status and life quality, so as to provide scientific evidence for submarine medical support. Methods Five hundred and ninety-two submariners were randomly chosen from a certain submarine unit, including 326 sea service personnel and 266 shore service personnel. Rome Ⅲ standard epidemiologic questionnaire ( Rome-Ⅲ MQ ) was used to investigate the incidence of FC among sea service personnel. Then, 60 subjects with FC and 120 subjects without FC were randomly selected from the sea service group for evaluation of psychological status and life quality by using self-rating anxiety scales( SAS) , self-rating depression scales( SDS) , patient assessment of quality of life questionnaire( PAC-QOL) and simplified Chinese version of SF-36 health survey ( SF-36 ) . Results Five hundred and ninety-two copies of Rome-Ⅲ MQ were recovered, and 180 copies of SAS, SDS, PAC-QOL and SF-36 were respectively retrieved in the study. The incidence of FC among the sea service group and shore service group was respectively 35. 6％ (116/326) and 13. 5％(36/266) (P<0. 05). In Rome-Ⅲ MQ, significant differences could be noted in the scores of all items except the item of manual manipulation, when comparisons were made between the sea service group and the shore service group. The scores of SAS in the FC group and the non-FC group were respectively (42. 0 ± 8. 4) and (39. 1 ± 7. 1), with statistical significance (P<0. 05), while the score of SDS in the two groups was (53. 0 ± 11. 0) and (53. 2 ± 8. 9) respectively, without statistical significance (P>0. 05). The total scores of PAC-QOL in the FC group and the non-FC group were respectively 1. 0 (0. 7-1. 3) and 0. 6 (0. 4-0. 7), also with statistical significance (P<0. 05). The total scores of SF-36 in the FC group and the non-FC group were respectively 624. 3 (449. 9-700. 4) and 687. 8. 4(612. 8-729. 8) with statistical significance (P<0. 05), and significant differences could be found in various dimensions except the dimension of "emotional function". Conclusion The incidence of FC was as high as one third among the sea service personnel, which was significantly higher than that of the shore service personnel. FC could worsen the seriousness of anxiety among submariners and decrease their life quality.

Objective To investigate the incidence of functional constipation ( FC) in submariners and its impact on their psychological status and life quality, so as to provide scientific evidence for submarine medical support. Methods Five hundred and ninety-two submariners were randomly chosen from a certain submarine unit, including 326 sea service personnel and 266 shore service personnel. Rome Ⅲ standard epidemiologic questionnaire ( Rome-Ⅲ MQ ) was used to investigate the incidence of FC among sea service personnel. Then, 60 subjects with FC and 120 subjects without FC were randomly selected from the sea service group for evaluation of psychological status and life quality by using self-rating anxiety scales( SAS) , self-rating depression scales( SDS) , patient assessment of quality of life questionnaire( PAC-QOL) and simplified Chinese version of SF-36 health survey ( SF-36 ) . Results Five hundred and ninety-two copies of Rome-Ⅲ MQ were recovered, and 180 copies of SAS, SDS, PAC-QOL and SF-36 were respectively retrieved in the study. The incidence of FC among the sea service group and shore service group was respectively 35. 6％ (116/326) and 13. 5％(36/266) (P<0. 05). In Rome-Ⅲ MQ, significant differences could be noted in the scores of all items except the item of manual manipulation, when comparisons were made between the sea service group and the shore service group. The scores of SAS in the FC group and the non-FC group were respectively (42. 0 ± 8. 4) and (39. 1 ± 7. 1), with statistical significance (P<0. 05), while the score of SDS in the two groups was (53. 0 ± 11. 0) and (53. 2 ± 8. 9) respectively, without statistical significance (P>0. 05). The total scores of PAC-QOL in the FC group and the non-FC group were respectively 1. 0 (0. 7-1. 3) and 0. 6 (0. 4-0. 7), also with statistical significance (P<0. 05). The total scores of SF-36 in the FC group and the non-FC group were respectively 624. 3 (449. 9-700. 4) and 687. 8. 4(612. 8-729. 8) with statistical significance (P<0. 05), and significant differences could be found in various dimensions except the dimension of "emotional function". Conclusion The incidence of FC was as high as one third among the sea service personnel, which was significantly higher than that of the shore service personnel. FC could worsen the seriousness of anxiety among submariners and decrease their life quality.

Objective To investigate the effects of the implementation of Mental Health Law of the People′s Republic of China and the “review standard of the tertiary mental hospitals” on the quality of restrictive regulations among inpatients with mental diseases , in order to provide references for the further standardization and management using retrospective investigation of the clinical data .Methods The patients of control group received the normal restrictive protective nursing and the patients of intervention group was strictly carried out the restrictive protective care in accordance with the mental health law and the “review standard of the tertiary mental hospitals”.The effects were compared between the two groups including:qualified rate of proper practice following doctor′s advice , the application of nursing procedures , nursing records , basic nursing care , incidence of the adverse event , patients′restraint rate, average restraint time per person , and average restraint frequency per person.Results The differences of the qualified rate of proper practice following doctor′s advice, the application of nursing procedures , nursing records , basic nursing care , and the incidence rate of the adverse event had statistical significance between the two groups (P<0.05).The restraint rate were statistical different (χ2 =10.11, P<0.05), as well as the average restraint time and frequency per person (t=7.92, 47.88;P<0.05).Conclusions The implementation of mental health law and the “standard of review of the tertiary mental hospitals” can significantly improve the quality of clinical restrictive protective nursing management , and reduce the restraint rate as well as the average restraint time and frequency per person .