Objective To explore the research hotspots and developmental trends in urological education through a bibliometric analysis. Methods Relevant literature on urological education was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, covering all records up to Sep.16, 2025.A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed on the retrieved publications. Results A total of 303 Chinese and 290 English articles were collected.The annual number of publications demonstrated an overall upward trend.Harvard University in the United States was the most productive institution in this field. Conclusion Urological clinical education has attracted increasing attention from clinicians and medical trainees.Highly cited studies consistently highlight three actionable priorities for urological education:firstly, improving long-term knowledge retention through structured, spaced, and feedback-rich learning designs; secondly, standardizing simulation-based skills training with validated assessment and staged credentialing; thirdly, strengthening training system resilience while expanding non-technical skills training.These directions provide implementable pathways for optimizing urological teaching practices and the standardized residency training programs.

Objective To determine the predictive power of negative fluid balance in the risk of death in septic shock patients after fluid resuscitation therapy.Methods The medical records of patients with septic shock admitted to the Intensive Care Department of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from March 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected,and the final outcome was defined as death within 28 days during hospitalization.The study objects were randomly divided into the training set and the validation set,and then the model was built by Logistic regression method,and the nomogram and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)were drawn.Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the calibration degree of the prediction model,and the calibration curve was drawn to evaluate the differentiation degree of the prediction model.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to test the efficiency of the prediction model.Results A total of 286 patients with septic shock were included in the study,including 200 in the training set and 86 in the verification set,which were comparable.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that negative fluid balance,APACHE II score and SOFA score were independent risk factors for poor survival and prognosis of ICU septic shock patients(all P<0.05).Based on the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis,a nomogram was constructed to predict the survival and prognosis of patients with septic shock in ICU.In the training set and validation set,the area under the curve(AUC)of the ROC curve prediction model was 0.83(95%CI:0.73～0.93)and 0.83(95%CI:0.66～1.00),respectively.Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve has a good fit(training set P=0.169;The verification set P=1.000)is not significant.DCA showed that when the threshold probability of patients was 0.05～0.70,it was more beneficial to use the nomogram prediction model to predict the risk of death in septic shock patients.Conclusion Negative fluid balance after fluid resuscitation is associated with survival and prognosis of patients with septic shock.The predictive model of mortality risk of patients with septic shock was established by combining APACHEⅡ score and SOFA score,which has good predictive ability and clinical practicability.

Objective To determine the predictive power of negative fluid balance in the risk of death in septic shock patients after fluid resuscitation therapy.Methods The medical records of patients with septic shock admitted to the Intensive Care Department of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from March 2022 to December 2024 were retrospectively collected,and the final outcome was defined as death within 28 days during hospitalization.The study objects were randomly divided into the training set and the validation set,and then the model was built by Logistic regression method,and the nomogram and receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC curve)were drawn.Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to evaluate the calibration degree of the prediction model,and the calibration curve was drawn to evaluate the differentiation degree of the prediction model.Decision curve analysis(DCA)was used to test the efficiency of the prediction model.Results A total of 286 patients with septic shock were included in the study,including 200 in the training set and 86 in the verification set,which were comparable.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that negative fluid balance,APACHE II score and SOFA score were independent risk factors for poor survival and prognosis of ICU septic shock patients(all P<0.05).Based on the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis,a nomogram was constructed to predict the survival and prognosis of patients with septic shock in ICU.In the training set and validation set,the area under the curve(AUC)of the ROC curve prediction model was 0.83(95%CI:0.73～0.93)and 0.83(95%CI:0.66～1.00),respectively.Hosmer-Lemeshow calibration curve has a good fit(training set P=0.169;The verification set P=1.000)is not significant.DCA showed that when the threshold probability of patients was 0.05～0.70,it was more beneficial to use the nomogram prediction model to predict the risk of death in septic shock patients.Conclusion Negative fluid balance after fluid resuscitation is associated with survival and prognosis of patients with septic shock.The predictive model of mortality risk of patients with septic shock was established by combining APACHEⅡ score and SOFA score,which has good predictive ability and clinical practicability.

Objective To evaluate whether the measurement of tibialis anterior muscle thickness(TA-MT)in sepsis can be used as an alternative method to understand systemic changes in skeletal muscle mass by comparing the trend of ultrasonic measurement of TA-MT with bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA)in detecting skeletal muscle mass.Methods A single-center prospective study was conducted.The patients with tumor sepsis who were treated in the department of intensive care unit(ICU)of Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital from March to December 2022 were selected as the study subjects.The changes of TA-MT within 6 hours after sepsis and 3 days after treatment were measured by ultrasound.The changes of body mass,body mass index(BMI),lean body mass,body fat percentage,body fat,whole body protein,skeletal muscle mass,skeletal muscle index(SMI),arm circumference,right lower limb lean body mass,and body water were measured by BIA.The 28-day prognosis was followed up.The correlation between TA-MT and skeletal muscle indicators measured by BIA was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis.Results Eventually,40 patients were included.Compared with before treatment,the levels of TA-MT by ultrasound and acute physiology and chronic health evaluationⅡ(APACHEⅡ),sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA)and oxygen metabolism index blood lactic acid(Lac)measured after treatment were significantly reduced[TA-MT(cm):2.31±0.35 vs.2.50±0.36,APACHEⅡscore:11.00±3.18 vs.17.50±5.44,SOFA score:3.28±2.18 vs.6.30±3.11,Lac(mmol/L):1.38±0.35 vs.2.40±1.02,all P＜0.05].Meanwhile,the BIA test showed that body mass,body mass index,lean body mass,body fat percentage,body fat,whole body protein,skeletal muscle mass,SMI,arm circumference,right lower limb lean body mass and body water were also significantly decreased after treatment[body mass(kg):63.87±13.96 vs.66.58±14.95,BMI(kg/m2):22.57±4.37 vs.23.52±4.59,lean body mass(kg):46.32±6.89 vs.49.66±7.84,whole body protein(kg):9.36±1.37 vs.9.93±1.55,skeletal muscle mass(kg):26.23±4.17 vs.27.96±4.72,SMI(kg/m2):7.12±1.04 vs.7.78±1.18,arm circumference(cm):29.41±3.66 vs.30.17±3.59,right lower limb lean body mass(kg):7.21±1.26 vs.7.77±1.42,total body water(L):36.38±5.44 vs.39.11±6.19,all P＜0.05],body fat percentage and body fat were significantly elevated[body fat percentage:(21.96±8.30)%vs.(19.98±8.43)%,body fat(kg):14.81±8.64 vs.14.12±8.81,both P＜0.05].Pearson correlation analysis showed that:the right TA-MT was negatively correlated with the electrical impedance of the right lower extremity(r =-0.445 2,P＜0.001),the right side TA-MT was positively correlated with the right lower limb lean body mass,whole body protein,skeletal muscle mass,SMI and lean body mass(r values were 0.571 4,0.629 9,0.628 3,0.575 9,0.634 4,all P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Significant skeletal muscle depletion can be observed in tumor patients with sepsis,and ultrasound measurement of TA-MT is an effective alternative method to assess systemic skeletal muscle mass trends.