ObjectiveTo systematically evaluate the effect of exercise intervention on multidimensional health outcomes in adults with Down syndrome, and to explore the moderating effects of different exercise components on intervention outcomes. MethodsA computerized search was conducted in CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase from inception to March 10, 2026. Literatures were screened followed the PICO framework. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Statistical analyses and publication bias tests were performed using Stata 18.0 and RevMan 5.4. ResultsTwelve articles comprising 14 studies and 397 participants (157 in the control group and 240 in the intervention group) were included. Meta-analysis revealed that, compared with the control group, exercise intervention could improve waist circumference, absolute peak oxygen uptake, minute ventilation, maximal heart rate, handgrip strength, standing long jump, sit-and-reach, sit-ups, 8-foot up-and-go test, 30-second chair stand test, 6-minute walk distance, balance performance, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in adults with Down syndrome (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses indicated that, reductions in waist circumference were relatively greater with aerobic exercise programs of ≥ 60 minutes per session, three sessions per week and ≥ 10 weeks; improvements in maximal heart rate were relatively greater with aerobic exercise programs of < 40 minutes per session, three sessions per week and nine to twelve weeks; enhancements in handgrip strength were relatively greater with combined exercise programs of 40 to 60 minutes per session, three sessions per week, and nine to twelve weeks; improvements in 6-minute walk distance were relatively greater with aerobic exercise programs of < 40 minutes per session, three sessions per week and nine to twelve weeks. ConclusionExercise intervention can safely and effectively improve indicators related to body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, motor function and inflammatory status in adults with Down syndrome. Specific exercise types and dose parameters yield superior effects for different health outcomes.

Objective:To explore differences in the radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice exposed to ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) and conventional-dose-rate (CONV) pulsed X-ray irradiation in order to provide evidence for the application of ultra-high dose rate pulsed X-rays in gastrointestinal radiotherapy.Methods:Using the random number table method, 32 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: a sham irradiation group (SHAM), two conventional dose rate groups (CONV0.067 and CONV0.1), and an ultra-high dose rate group (F215), with each group containing eight mice. All groups, except SHAM, received a single 12 Gy abdominal X-ray irradiation at dose rates of 0.067, 0.1, and 215 Gy/s, respectively. At 3 d post-irradiation, histopathological (hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE staining), immunohistochemical, and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the histopathological markers and oxidative stress indicators of intestinal tissues, as well as relevant proteins involved in signaling pathways.Results:At 3 d post-irradiation, mice in all irradiation groups suffered from varying degrees of intestinal tissue degeneration and necrosis, epithelial cell shedding, villus shortening, and crypt loss ( t = 5.75, 8.79, 5.71, P < 0.05). Regarding oxidative stress, at 3 d post-irradiation, mice in the CONV0.067 and CONV0.1 groups showed significantly lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) compared to those in the F215 group ( t = 7.06-10.64, P < 0.01). In contrast, their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly elevated ( t = 11.06, 8.31, P < 0.01), with no statistical significance observed between them and mice in the F215 group ( P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that at 3 d post-irradiation, mice in the three irradiation groups exhibited an upward trend in the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels and a downward trend in the Keap1 protein level compared to those in the SHAM group. Notably, statistical significance was observed between the F215 group and the two conventional dose rate groups ( t = 4.89-20.95, P < 0.05). These result were consistent with the prior changes in antioxidant markers. Conclusions:Ultra-high-dose-rate X-ray irradiation reduces acute RIII by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating the expression of the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore differences in the radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice exposed to ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) and conventional-dose-rate (CONV) pulsed X-ray irradiation in order to provide evidence for the application of ultra-high dose rate pulsed X-rays in gastrointestinal radiotherapy.Methods:Using the random number table method, 32 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: a sham irradiation group (SHAM), two conventional dose rate groups (CONV0.067 and CONV0.1), and an ultra-high dose rate group (F215), with each group containing eight mice. All groups, except SHAM, received a single 12 Gy abdominal X-ray irradiation at dose rates of 0.067, 0.1, and 215 Gy/s, respectively. At 3 d post-irradiation, histopathological (hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE staining), immunohistochemical, and Western blot analysis were performed to assess the histopathological markers and oxidative stress indicators of intestinal tissues, as well as relevant proteins involved in signaling pathways.Results:At 3 d post-irradiation, mice in all irradiation groups suffered from varying degrees of intestinal tissue degeneration and necrosis, epithelial cell shedding, villus shortening, and crypt loss ( t = 5.75, 8.79, 5.71, P < 0.05). Regarding oxidative stress, at 3 d post-irradiation, mice in the CONV0.067 and CONV0.1 groups showed significantly lower levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) compared to those in the F215 group ( t = 7.06-10.64, P < 0.01). In contrast, their malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly elevated ( t = 11.06, 8.31, P < 0.01), with no statistical significance observed between them and mice in the F215 group ( P > 0.05). Immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses indicated that at 3 d post-irradiation, mice in the three irradiation groups exhibited an upward trend in the Nrf2 and HO-1 protein levels and a downward trend in the Keap1 protein level compared to those in the SHAM group. Notably, statistical significance was observed between the F215 group and the two conventional dose rate groups ( t = 4.89-20.95, P < 0.05). These result were consistent with the prior changes in antioxidant markers. Conclusions:Ultra-high-dose-rate X-ray irradiation reduces acute RIII by alleviating oxidative stress and modulating the expression of the Keap1-Nrf2-HO-1 signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the relationship between adolescent sports participation and aggression, so as to provide a reference basis for sports interventions aimed at reducing adolescent aggression. Methods: The search databases used in the study included China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Vipo, Wanfang, Web of Science, Ebsco, Pro Quest, and PubMed, and the search period was from the construction of the database to October 22, 2023. The search terms for sports participation were "sport" "exercise" "exercise" "physical activity" "physical activity"; the search terms for aggressive behavior were "assault" "aggressive behavior" "aggression"; the search terms for aggressive behavior were "assault" "aggressive behavior" "aggression" "bullying", and "violence", and the above keywords were jointly searched. Foreign language data were searched using Web of Science, Ebsco, Pro Quest, PubMed and supplemented by Google Scholar. The search terms for sports participation were sport, athletics, exercise, train, fitness, physical exercise, physical activity, physical education; and the search terms for aggressive behavior were aggression, bullying, violence, atrocity, fighting, aggressive behavior, physical assault; the above keywords were jointly searched. Statistical analysis was performed using CMA 3.0 software. Results: A total of 20 studies with 80 effect sizes and 9 308 subjects were included. The Metaanalysis showed that adolescent sports participation was moderately negatively correlated with indicators of aggression (r=-0.11), physical aggression (r=-0.14), verbal aggression (r=-0.14), and hostility (r=-0.16), and weakly negatively correlated with indicators of anger (r=-0.08) (P<0.05). Aggressive behavior was influenced by gender, school stage, mode of exercise, and the sports participants region (P<0.05). Conclusions Exercise participation has a positive impact on reducing aggressive behavior in adolescents, and mode of exercise, age, gender, and region are moderating variables in the relationship. Schools can reduce adolescent aggression by developing exercise and physical education interventions.

Objective To investigate the role of Kelch-like-epichlorohydrin-associated protein 1/nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor-2-related factor 2(Keap1-Nrf2)and nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathways in sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE).Methods Male C57BL/6J mice of SPF were randomly divided into four groups(n=10):the control group and LPS 6 h,24 h and 48 h groups.The behavioral changes of the mice were assessed based on their general conditions and open field test(OFT).ELISA was used to measure the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in mouse serum,and the antioxidant capacity assay kit to examine antioxidant activity in brain tissues of mice.Real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)was adopted to detect the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor4(Tlr4),NF-κB,Keap1 and Nrf2 in the hippocampus,and to determine protein expressions of NF-κB a Nrf2、Keap1 and Tlr4 with Western blotting.Results Compared to the control group,the serum concentrations of interleukin 6(IL-6)in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)groups increased at 6 h,and reached the peak at 24 h and 48 h(P＜0.01).The levels of serum interleukin 18(IL-18)in the LPS groups increased significantly at 6 h and 24 h(P＜0.01)but there was no statistically significant difference compared with the 48h group.The results indicated the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and glutathione(GSH)in brain tissues in LPS groups increased(P＜0.01).OFT results showed the time spent in the center of the open field,the distance covered around the center,and total distance covered by mice in LPS groups were significantly reduced(P＜0.01),except for the time spent in the center of the open field in the LPS 24 h group.The mRNA expressions of Tlr4 and(LPS 6 h,48 h)NF-κB in the hippocampus tissue of mice in LPS groups were elevated(P＜0.05),so were the mRNA expressions of Keap1 and Nrf2 in LPS 6 h group.Additionally,the protein expressions of NF-κB,Keap1 and Tlr4 increased in LPS groups,so did the protein expression of Nrf2 in LPS 24 h and 48 h groups(P＜0.05).Conclusion Keap1-Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways may play a certain role in SAE.

Due to their good safety, wide application scope and quick onset time, lipid emulsions are full of promise to reverse drug poisoning. In this review, a number of clinical case reports were summarized to analyze the detoxification effect of lipid emulsions on local anesthetic, antiarrhythmic, psychotropic and organophosphate poisoning, as well as the possible adverse reactions of lipid emulsions therapy.Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying lipid emulsions therapy, such as lipid sink theory, enhanced body basal metabolism and positively affected cardiovascular function, were fully interpreted.Besides, a few potential solutions to the problems still existing in lipid emulsions therapy were proposed, in order to consolidate the understanding of lipid emulsions therapy and promote its rational application in reversing drug poisoning.

To study the mechanism of liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and the therapeutic effects of the extract mixture of Dangyao (Swertia pseudochinensis Hara) and Shuifeiji (Silybum marianum Gaertn) on NAFLD rats with liver injury.

To explore the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by comparing the therapeutic efficacy of methods for fortifying the spleen and replenishing qi, warming yang and fortifying the spleen and warming yang to move water.

To study the effects of Jiangzhi Granule (JZG), a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, in regulating liver X receptor α (LXRα) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) expressions in a rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

OBJECTIVE:To compare the substitution between the gray relation analysis( GRA) and the orthogonal design(OD) in data processing. METHODS:Take the four factors including the molar ration of drug and cyclodextrins,the agitating time and speed,and the temperature of complexation that influenced on loaded dosage of ursolic acid complex as example to analysis with 2 kinds of methods. RESULT:The result of analysis was similar by 2 kinds of methods,the molar ration of drug and the temperature of complexation were the major influence factors. CONCLUSION:When the data cannot fit to the analysis of range of OD,GRA can be used to it.