Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B 12 capsule (LTEVB 12C) on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) at different locations (antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and corpus greater curvature). Methods:From August 2011 to January 2013, 715 patients with CAG in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were enrolled from 16 tertiary first-class hospitals across the country, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the First Hospital of Jilin University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, etc., there were 476 cases in the LTEVB 12C group and 239 cases in the placebo group. The patients of the LTEVB 12C group received LTEVB 12C, and the patients of placebo group received LTEVB 12C mimetic, all the medications were taken 3 capsules each time and 3 times a day after meals, and the treatment course of 2 groups were both 6 months. The efficacy evaluation criteria included the effective rate (a decrease of ≥1 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment) and the reversal rate (a decrease of ≥ 2 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment in the patients with moderate to severe CAG). The impact of lesion sites on the therapeutic effects of LTEVB 12C was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The two-way unordered Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test considering the center effect and Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The effective rates of chronic inflammation at the antrum greater curvature and corpus greater curvature (23.3%, 110/473 vs. 13.0%, 31/239; 20.3%, 96/472 vs. 12.6%, 30/239), the effective rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (27.0%, 118/437 vs. 15.7%, 34/216; 29.2%, 126/432 vs. 18.5%, 38/205; 27.8%, 121/435 vs. 16.7%, 36/216; 32.5%, 127/391 vs. 19.8%, 37/187; 33.0%, 119/361 vs. 21.8%, 39/179), and the effective rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (45.0%, 112/249 vs. 29.8%, 31/104; 53.8%, 86/160 vs. 33.9%, 21/62; 45.8%, 103/225 vs. 24.0%, 25/104; 51.9%, 83/160 vs. 28.3%, 17/60) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, 6.39, 9.69, 7.91, 11.05, 9.62, 8.57, 5.20, 7.11, 12.45, and 6.73; all P<0.05). The reversal rates of chronic inflammation at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature (5.2%, 12/231 vs. 0, 0/123; 4.7%, 8/170 vs. 0, 0/88), the reversal rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (6.8%, 22/323 vs. 1.3%, 2/151; 9.2%, 29/315 vs. 1.4%, 2/144; 14.2%, 38/267 vs. 2.5%, 3/121; 20.8%, 35/168 vs. 5.8%, 4/69), and the reversal rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (29.8%, 39/131 vs. 9.1%, 4/44; 41.0%, 32/78 vs. 12.5%, 3/24; 33.3%, 44/132 vs. 4.8%, 3/63; 50.0%, 37/74 vs. 8.7%, 2/23) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.58, 5.12, 5.60, 8.61, 11.43, 6.59, 7.30, 4.95, 15.92, 7.62; all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the effective rates and reversal rates of active inflammation at different locations between the LTEVB 12C group and the placebo group (all P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis (taking the antrum lesser curvature as the reference) further confirmed that the reversal rates of chronic inflammation ( OR=0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.07 to 0.67; OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.80), atrophy ( OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49; OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49), and intestinal metaplasia ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.77; OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.52) at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature were all higher than those at the antrum lesser curvature, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no statistically siginificant differences in the reversal rates of the aforementioned pathological features between the antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the antrum lesser curvature (all P>0.05). Conclusion:LTEVB 12C can achieve good efficacy in the treatment of CAG, and the chronic inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia at multiple locations are improved, especially at the corpus lesser curvature and the corpus greater curvature.

Purpose To investigate the expression of bone sialoprotein(BSP)in the tissues and cells of endome-trial cancer(EC)and its effects on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells.Methods The expression of BSP was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 235 EC tissues and 88 normal endometrial tissues,and its correlation with clinico-pathological features was analyzed.Western blot was used to compare BSP levels between human endometrial carcinoma cell line(HHUA)and normal human endumetial epithelial cells(HEEC).BSP was knocked down in HHUA cells via transient transfection,and the cells were divided into blank control group and BSP-knockdown group.The effects of BSP knockdown on cell cycle,proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis were evaluated using PI staining,CCK-8,scratch,Transwell,and Annexin V-FITC assays,respectively.Protein levels of TGF-β signaling pathway compo-nents were analyzed by Western blot.Results BSP expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in normal endometrium(P＜0.001)and correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced FIGO stage(P＜0.05).BSP pro-tein level was also significantly elevated in HHUA cells(2.455 8±0.008 9)compared to HEECs(1.571 2±0.005 4)(P＜0.01).After knockdown,compared with the control group,the proliferation index(74.4±3.33),migration rate(0.48±0.03),and invasion ability(0.36±0.11)of the cells were increased,and the apoptosis rate(25.97％)of the cells was increased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expression levels of TGF-β signaling pathway downstream proteins TGF-β1(0.290 4±0.002 3)、TGF-β2(0.292 9±0.001 6)、Smad2(0.469 3±0.001 1)、Smad3(0.247 0±0.001 7)、pAKT(0.382 1±0.001 9)、ATK(0.119 6±0.001 6)and MEK1(0.258 9±0.000 3)in the BSP-knockdown group of EC cells decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion BSP is highly expressed in endometrial cancer and promotes cancer cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Purpose To investigate the expression of bone sialoprotein(BSP)in the tissues and cells of endome-trial cancer(EC)and its effects on the proliferation and invasion of EC cells.Methods The expression of BSP was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 235 EC tissues and 88 normal endometrial tissues,and its correlation with clinico-pathological features was analyzed.Western blot was used to compare BSP levels between human endometrial carcinoma cell line(HHUA)and normal human endumetial epithelial cells(HEEC).BSP was knocked down in HHUA cells via transient transfection,and the cells were divided into blank control group and BSP-knockdown group.The effects of BSP knockdown on cell cycle,proliferation,migration,invasion,and apoptosis were evaluated using PI staining,CCK-8,scratch,Transwell,and Annexin V-FITC assays,respectively.Protein levels of TGF-β signaling pathway compo-nents were analyzed by Western blot.Results BSP expression was significantly higher in EC tissues than in normal endometrium(P＜0.001)and correlated with lymph node metastasis and advanced FIGO stage(P＜0.05).BSP pro-tein level was also significantly elevated in HHUA cells(2.455 8±0.008 9)compared to HEECs(1.571 2±0.005 4)(P＜0.01).After knockdown,compared with the control group,the proliferation index(74.4±3.33),migration rate(0.48±0.03),and invasion ability(0.36±0.11)of the cells were increased,and the apoptosis rate(25.97％)of the cells was increased(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the expression levels of TGF-β signaling pathway downstream proteins TGF-β1(0.290 4±0.002 3)、TGF-β2(0.292 9±0.001 6)、Smad2(0.469 3±0.001 1)、Smad3(0.247 0±0.001 7)、pAKT(0.382 1±0.001 9)、ATK(0.119 6±0.001 6)and MEK1(0.258 9±0.000 3)in the BSP-knockdown group of EC cells decreased(P＜0.01).Conclusion BSP is highly expressed in endometrial cancer and promotes cancer cell proliferation,invasion,and metastasis by activating the TGF-β signaling pathway.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of lamb′s tripe extract and vitamin B 12 capsule (LTEVB 12C) on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) at different locations (antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and corpus greater curvature). Methods:From August 2011 to January 2013, 715 patients with CAG in a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were enrolled from 16 tertiary first-class hospitals across the country, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, the First Hospital of Jilin University, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, etc., there were 476 cases in the LTEVB 12C group and 239 cases in the placebo group. The patients of the LTEVB 12C group received LTEVB 12C, and the patients of placebo group received LTEVB 12C mimetic, all the medications were taken 3 capsules each time and 3 times a day after meals, and the treatment course of 2 groups were both 6 months. The efficacy evaluation criteria included the effective rate (a decrease of ≥1 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment) and the reversal rate (a decrease of ≥ 2 in histopathological score compared with baseline after 6 months of treatment in the patients with moderate to severe CAG). The impact of lesion sites on the therapeutic effects of LTEVB 12C was analyzed by logistic regression analysis. The two-way unordered Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test considering the center effect and Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:The effective rates of chronic inflammation at the antrum greater curvature and corpus greater curvature (23.3%, 110/473 vs. 13.0%, 31/239; 20.3%, 96/472 vs. 12.6%, 30/239), the effective rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (27.0%, 118/437 vs. 15.7%, 34/216; 29.2%, 126/432 vs. 18.5%, 38/205; 27.8%, 121/435 vs. 16.7%, 36/216; 32.5%, 127/391 vs. 19.8%, 37/187; 33.0%, 119/361 vs. 21.8%, 39/179), and the effective rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (45.0%, 112/249 vs. 29.8%, 31/104; 53.8%, 86/160 vs. 33.9%, 21/62; 45.8%, 103/225 vs. 24.0%, 25/104; 51.9%, 83/160 vs. 28.3%, 17/60) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, 6.39, 9.69, 7.91, 11.05, 9.62, 8.57, 5.20, 7.11, 12.45, and 6.73; all P<0.05). The reversal rates of chronic inflammation at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature (5.2%, 12/231 vs. 0, 0/123; 4.7%, 8/170 vs. 0, 0/88), the reversal rates of atrophy at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, corpus lesser curvature, and the corpus greater curvature (6.8%, 22/323 vs. 1.3%, 2/151; 9.2%, 29/315 vs. 1.4%, 2/144; 14.2%, 38/267 vs. 2.5%, 3/121; 20.8%, 35/168 vs. 5.8%, 4/69), and the reversal rates of intestinal metaplasia at the antrum lesser curvature, antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the corpus lesser curvature (29.8%, 39/131 vs. 9.1%, 4/44; 41.0%, 32/78 vs. 12.5%, 3/24; 33.3%, 44/132 vs. 4.8%, 3/63; 50.0%, 37/74 vs. 8.7%, 2/23) of the LTEVB 12C group were all higher than those of the placebo group, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ2=6.58, 5.12, 5.60, 8.61, 11.43, 6.59, 7.30, 4.95, 15.92, 7.62; all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the effective rates and reversal rates of active inflammation at different locations between the LTEVB 12C group and the placebo group (all P>0.05). The results of logistic regression analysis (taking the antrum lesser curvature as the reference) further confirmed that the reversal rates of chronic inflammation ( OR=0.22, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.07 to 0.67; OR=0.24, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.80), atrophy ( OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49; OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.49), and intestinal metaplasia ( OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.77; OR=0.20, 95% CI: 0.08 to 0.52) at the corpus lesser curvature and corpus greater curvature were all higher than those at the antrum lesser curvature, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). There were no statistically siginificant differences in the reversal rates of the aforementioned pathological features between the antrum greater curvature, gastric angle, and the antrum lesser curvature (all P>0.05). Conclusion:LTEVB 12C can achieve good efficacy in the treatment of CAG, and the chronic inflammation, atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia at multiple locations are improved, especially at the corpus lesser curvature and the corpus greater curvature.

Objective To understand the research status of foodborne diseases in China from 1985 to 2022, and to explore the development process, research hotspots and frontier trends in this field. Methods With CNKI database as the search source, CiteSpace 6.1.R2 was used to analyze domestic research literature on foodborne diseases from 1985 to 2022. The author and organization cooperation map, and keyword co-occurrence and keyword timeline map were generated to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of foodborne diseases as well as research hotspots and cutting-edge trends in this field in China. Results A total of 2526 valid articles were obtained by exclusion criteria. According to the time distribution of articles from 1985-2022, the number of articles published before 2000 was small, and the annual number of articles published since 2000 had significantly increased. The largest number of articles was published by the China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment (51 articles), followed by the National Institution for Nutrition and Health of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (38 articles). Most of the studies were conducted by national or government level research institutions in cooperation with provincial disease control and prevention centers. There was a close cooperation among different agencies. By the keyword cluster analysis, it was found that monitoring, Salmonella, and food safety were the concentrated research areas. The burst detection of keywords showed that food poisoning, sentinel hospital, and epidemic characteristics had the strongest citation burst. In recent years, the research hotspots were serotyping, drug resistance, virulence genes and so on. These keywords could reflect the investigation speed and laboratory level from a perspective. Conclusion The research on foodborne diseases in China is constantly increasing, and the research focus is gradually shifting from simple monitoring to improving the speed of outbreak investigation and laboratory level and speeding up the molecular tracing network to prevent more foodborne diseases.

Objective:To learn about the implementation of various prevention and control measures after achieving the stage goal of eliminating iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) in Fuzhou City, and to evaluate the prevention and control effect.Methods:In September 2020, an assessment and evaluation was conducted on elimination of IDD in 12 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Fuzhou City, with specific reference to the "Evaluation Content and Judgment Standards for Elimination of Iodine Deficiency Disorders" (2019 version). Using the target evaluation table for eliminating IDD, 4 management indicators of organizational and leadership, monitoring and prevention measures, iodized salt management and health education in 12 counties (cities, districts) from 2016 to 2020 were evaluated. Using stratified random sampling method, 2 townships/streets were selected from each county (city, district), and 20 pregnant women were sampled from each township/street. At the same time, two villages (neighborhood committees) were randomly selected from each township/street, and 20 children aged 8 - 10 (age balanced, half male and half female) were randomly selected from each village (neighborhood committee). The edible salt samples and instant urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine; the iodine supplementation status of pregnant women was investigated by iodine supplementation rate questionnaire; the goiter in children was measured by B-ultrasound.Results:The management indicators scores of all 12 counties (cities, districts) were > 85 points, with an average score of 92.75 points. Changle District had the highest score (98 points), and Taijiang District had the lowest score (90 points). A total of 1 457 household salt samples were collected and tested in the city, including 967 samples from children aged 8 - 10 and 490 samples from pregnant women. The median salt iodine was 24.24 mg/kg, and the coverage rate of iodized salt was 93.62% (1 364/1 457). The qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.80% (1 334/1 364), and the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 91.56% (1 334/1 457). Except for Gulou District (88.33%, 106/120), Taijiang District (85.00%, 102/120), Mawei District (86.67%, 104/120), Changle District (89.34%, 109/122) and Minqing County (88.43%, 107/121), the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was < 90%, the coverage rate of qualified iodized salt in the remaining counties (cities, districts) was > 90%. A total of 967 urine samples were collected from children, the median urinary iodine was 187.80 μg/L. The median urinary iodine of children in all counties (cities, districts) ranged from 140.08 to 269.70 μg/L. A total of 967 children were examined, and the goiter rate was 0.72% (7/967). The goiter rate ranged from 0 to 2.44% in all counties (cities, districts). A total of 490 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, with a median urinary iodine of 148.48 μg/L. Among them, the median urinary iodine of pregnant women in Gulou District (184.23 μg/L), Mawei District (262.85 μg/L), Jin'an District (176.80 μg/L), Luoyuan County (166.60 μg/L) and Yongtai County (157.62 μg/L) was > 150 μg/L, the median urinary iodine of pregnant women in other counties (cities, districts) was between 100 and 150 μg/L. A total of 490 pregnant women were investigated for iodine supplementation, the iodine supplementation rate was 94.90% (465/490). Except for Gulou District (85.00%, 34/40), Cangshan District (85.00%, 34/40) and Lianjiang County (87.50%, 35/40), the iodine supplementation rate < 90%, the iodine supplementation rate of pregnant women in other counties (cities, districts) was > 90%.Conclusions:The IDD prevention and control measures in Fuzhou City have been well implemented, and all counties (cities, districts) in Fuzhou City have maintained the state of eliminating IDD, and continued to consolidate the prevention and control achievements.

Objective:To learn about the changing trend of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) and the iodine nutrition level of key populations in Fuzhou.Methods:From March 2017 to October 2019, a cross-sectional survey method was used to carry out IDD monitoring among key populations in 12 counties (cities, districts) of Fuzhou. In each county (city, district), one township/street was selected from five directions: East, West, South, North and Middle. Forty non-boarding children aged 8-10 (age balanced, half male and half female) from one primary school and 20 pregnant women in each township/street were selected as the survey subjects. The edible salt samples and instant urine samples of children and pregnant women were collected to detect the contents of salt iodine and urinary iodine; the thyroid volume of children was measured by B-ultrasound, and the goiter rate was calculated.Results:From 2017 to 2019, a total of 7 479 edible salt samples were collected from children's homes, and the median salt iodine was 23.40 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.06% (7 035/7 479), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.70% (6 873/7 035), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 91.90% (6 873/7 479). A total of 3 602 edible salt samples were collected from pregnant women's homes, and the median salt iodine was 23.69 mg/kg, the coverage rate of iodized salt was 94.73% (3 412/3 602), the qualified rate of iodized salt was 97.66% (3 332/3 412), and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 92.50% (3 332/3 602). A total of 7 479 urine samples were collected from children, and the median urinary iodine was 172.70 μg/L. A total of 3 602 urine samples were collected from pregnant women, and the median urinary iodine was 131.21 μg/L. A total of 7 479 cases of thyroid gland in children were examined, including 89 cases of goiter, and the goiter rate was 1.19%.Conclusions:The consumption rate of qualified iodized salt ( > 90%) of key populations, urinary iodine (100-< 200 μg/L) and goiter rate ( < 5%) of children in Fuzhou are all in line with the national standard for elimination of IDD, but pregnant women are at risk of iodine deficiency (urinary iodine < 150 μg/L).

Objective:To investigate the effect and mechanism of periodontal ligament stem cell (PDLSC) from inflammatory environment on the secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) by macrophages.Methods:PDLSCs were pretreated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in order to simulate the inflammatory environment. Human monocyte cell line (THP-1) cells were treated with conditioned media collected from healthy and inflammatory PDLSCs respectively and divided into conditioned medium of health PDLSC (CM-H) group and conditioned medium of LPS-PDLSC (CM-LPS) group. After 24 h of co-culture, the condition media were abandoned and THP-1 cells were then cultured for another 24 h. The expression of IL-1β in THP-1 cells supernatant was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), inositol requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1), protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), CCAAT enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4) and X box binding protein 1 spliced (XBP1s), which were all related with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), in THP-1 cells. The expressions of proteins GRP78 and CHOP were detected by Western blotting. Furthermore, THP-1 cells, which pretreated with ER inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) for intervention experiments were grouped by various concentrations of 4-PBA including groups 0 (control group), 1, 10 and 20 mmol/L and treated with condition medium of inflammatory PDLSC. ELISA was used to detect IL-1β expression and qRT-PCR to detect expression of ERS related genes.Results:ELISA results showed that the expression of IL-1β in THP-1 cells of group CM-LPS [(31.35±2.11) ng/L] was significantly higher than group CM-H [(8.19±1.51) ng/L] ( t=12.60, P<0.01). qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expressions of GRP78, ATF6, IRE1, PERK, CHOP, ATF4 and XBP1s genes in THP-1 cells of group CM-LPS (1.782±0.070, 1.387±0.204, 1.404±0.119, 1.777±0.187, 1.325±0.156, 1.295±0.066 and 1.137±0.149, respectively) were significantly higher than those in group CM-H ( P<0.05). In the 4-PBA intervention experiment, compared with group 0 mmol/L, the expressions of GRP78, IRE-1, ATF-6, PERK and CHOP were significantly lower in group 1, 10 and 20 mmol/L ( P<0.05). Moreover, compared with control group [(31.23±1.98) ng/L], the expression of IL-1β in THP-1 cells were significantly lower in group 10 mmol/L [(21.20±0.37) ng/L] and group 20 mmol/L [(23.85±1.80) ng/L] ( P<0.05) with ERS inhibited. Conclusions:PDLSC from inflammatory environment could promote IL-1β secretion of macrophages through upregulating macrophages ERS.

Expressions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its receptor (gp80、gp130) in 8 patients with Graves' disease (GD) were compared with those in 8 euthyroid patients with nodular goiter or benign thyroid adenoma. The thyroid tissues of GD expressed significantly higher IL-6 mRNA, gp130 mRNA and IL-6 protein than those of the control group, suggesting that activated IL-6/gp130 signal pathway in the thyroid tissue may contribute to the pathogenesis of GD.