OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects and mechanisms of oliceridine fumarate （TRV130） in improving postoperative cognitive dysfunction （POCD） in elderly rats based on the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） pathway. METHODS Rats were randomly divided into the control group （normal saline）， the model group （normal saline）， the TRV130 group （2.8 mg/kg）， the TLR4/NF-κB pathway inhibitor （TAK-242） group （3 mg/kg）， the β -arrestin inhibitor （Barbadin） group （3 mg/kg）， and the traditional opioid drug （morphine） group （2.8 mg/kg）， with 15 rats in each group. Except for the control group， POCD models were established in all other groups. From the first day after surgery， drugs/normal saline were administered via caudal vein injection once daily for 3 consecutive days. After the last administration， the pathological damage of hippocampal tissue was observed； the cognitive function， serum inflammatory factor levels， hippocampal neurons apoptosis rate， and the expression of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 （Iba-1）， glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）， and TLR4/NF-κB pathway-related mRNA and protein in hippocampal tissue were detected. RESULTS In the model group， the neurons in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were disordered and sparse， with decreased number， pyknotic and fragmented nuclei accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration. Compared with the control group， the escape latency， serum levels of tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， and IL-1β， hippocampal neurons apoptosis rate， average fluorescence intensities of Iba-1 and GFAP， mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65， and their protein expression/phosphorylation levels in hippocampal tissue were significantly increased/elevated in the model group （ P ＜0.05）； the time spent in the target quadrant and the number of platform crossings were significantly shortened/decreased （ P ＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the cognitive function， pathological， inflammatory， and apoptosis-related indicators were significantly improved in the TRV130 group， TAK-242 group， and Barbadin group （ P ＜0.05）； the mRNA expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB p65 and their protein expression/phosphorylation levels were significantly decreased in the TRV130 group and TAK-242 group （ P ＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS TRV130 may improve POCD in elderly rats by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and alleviating postoperative central nervous system inflammatory responses.

Objective:To analyze the occurrence and influencing factors of adverse reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the long-term treatment with vedolizumab (VDZ).Methods:The study was a retrospective observational design. The study subjects were selected from patients who long-termly used VDZ to treat moderate-to-severe active IBD in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from February 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected through the hospital system of clinical pharmacy management, including general information, IBD condition, VDZ maintenance treatment plan, combination of drugs, laboratory test results, etc. The adverse reactions of VDZ were screened and their clinical manifestations, severity, intervention and outcomes were analyzed descriptively. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether VDZ adverse reactions occurred, and the differences in clinical data between them were compared; the influencing factors of adverse reactions were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method.Results:A total of 142 patients were included in the study, including 81 males and 61 females, aged (37.6±6.4) years with a range from 18 to 57 years. There were 103 patients (72.5%) developed VDZ adverse reactions, which mainly involved skin (52 patients, account for 50.5%), digestive system (33 patients, account for 32.0%) and respiratory system (18 patients, account for 17.5%). All 103 patients did not stop VDZ treatment, and the adverse reaction symptoms disappeared or were relieved after symptomatic treatments. Compared with patients without VDZ adverse reactions, the age of patients with VDZ adverse reactions were higher [(39.5±5.4) years vs. (32.4±6.7) years], and the proportions of patients with chronic relapsing clinical type [65.0%(67/103) vs. 41.0%(16/39)], severe disease activity [60.2%(62/103) vs. 33.3%(13/39)], combined drug use [67.0%(69/103) vs. 46.2%(18/39)], and injecting VDZ once every 4 weeks during maintenance treatment [27.2%(28/103) vs. 10.3%(4/39)] in the group were larger, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the chronic relapsing clinical type [odds ratio ( OR)=1.012, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.001-1.028, P=0.002], severe disease activity ( OR=1.096, 95% CI: 1.010-1.158, P=0.040), combination drugs ( OR=1.035, 95% CI: 1.003-1.122, P=0.041), VDZ maintenance therapy injection interval of 4 weeks ( OR=1.014, 95% CI: 1.002-1.113, P=0.005) were the risk factors for VDZ adverse reactions. Conclusions:Among IBD patients receiving long-term treatment of VDZ, the incidence of adverse reactions of VDZ was 72.5%, mainly involving skin, digestive system and respiratory system. Symptomatic treatments could be given, and the prognosis was good. Patients with chronic relapsing clinical type, severe disease activity, combination therapy, and shorter VDZ maintenance injection interval were at higher risk of adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The clinical impact of post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) quantitative flow ratio (QFR) in patients treated with PCI for chronic total occlusion (CTO) was still undetermined. METHODS: All CTO vessels treated with successful anatomical PCI in patients from PANDA III trial were retrospectively measured for post-PCI QFR. The primary outcome was 2-year vessel-oriented composite endpoints (VOCEs, composite of target vessel-related cardiac death, target vessel-related myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven target vessel revascularization). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis was conducted to identify optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting the 2-year VOCEs, and all vessels were stratified by this optimal cutoff value. Cox proportional hazards models were employed to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) with 95% CI. RESULTS: Among 428 CTO vessels treated with PCI, 353 vessels (82.5%) were analyzable for post-PCI QFR. 31 VOCEs (8.7%) occurred at 2 years. Mean value of post-PCI QFR was 0.92 ± 0.13. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis shown the optimal cutoff value of post-PCI QFR for predicting 2-year VOCEs was 0.91. The incidence of 2-year VOCEs in the vessel with post-PCI QFR < 0.91 (n = 91) was significantly higher compared with the vessels with post-PCI QFR ≥ 0.91 (n = 262) (22.0% vs. 4.2%, HR = 4.98, 95% CI: 2.32-10.70). CONCLUSIONS Higher post-PCI QFR values were associated with improved prognosis in the PCI practice for coronary CTO. Achieving functionally optimal PCI results (post-PCI QFR value ≥ 0.91) tends to get better prognosis for patients with CTO lesions.

To analyze potential adverse drug events(ADEs) associated with ustekinumab and upadacitinib in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) based on an international authoritative database, thereby providing evidence for clinical medication safety.

Objective:To analyze the occurrence and influencing factors of adverse reactions in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) during the long-term treatment with vedolizumab (VDZ).Methods:The study was a retrospective observational design. The study subjects were selected from patients who long-termly used VDZ to treat moderate-to-severe active IBD in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from February 1, 2021 to December 31, 2023. Clinical data of patients were collected through the hospital system of clinical pharmacy management, including general information, IBD condition, VDZ maintenance treatment plan, combination of drugs, laboratory test results, etc. The adverse reactions of VDZ were screened and their clinical manifestations, severity, intervention and outcomes were analyzed descriptively. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to whether VDZ adverse reactions occurred, and the differences in clinical data between them were compared; the influencing factors of adverse reactions were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression method.Results:A total of 142 patients were included in the study, including 81 males and 61 females, aged (37.6±6.4) years with a range from 18 to 57 years. There were 103 patients (72.5%) developed VDZ adverse reactions, which mainly involved skin (52 patients, account for 50.5%), digestive system (33 patients, account for 32.0%) and respiratory system (18 patients, account for 17.5%). All 103 patients did not stop VDZ treatment, and the adverse reaction symptoms disappeared or were relieved after symptomatic treatments. Compared with patients without VDZ adverse reactions, the age of patients with VDZ adverse reactions were higher [(39.5±5.4) years vs. (32.4±6.7) years], and the proportions of patients with chronic relapsing clinical type [65.0%(67/103) vs. 41.0%(16/39)], severe disease activity [60.2%(62/103) vs. 33.3%(13/39)], combined drug use [67.0%(69/103) vs. 46.2%(18/39)], and injecting VDZ once every 4 weeks during maintenance treatment [27.2%(28/103) vs. 10.3%(4/39)] in the group were larger, with statistical significance (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the chronic relapsing clinical type [odds ratio ( OR)=1.012, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.001-1.028, P=0.002], severe disease activity ( OR=1.096, 95% CI: 1.010-1.158, P=0.040), combination drugs ( OR=1.035, 95% CI: 1.003-1.122, P=0.041), VDZ maintenance therapy injection interval of 4 weeks ( OR=1.014, 95% CI: 1.002-1.113, P=0.005) were the risk factors for VDZ adverse reactions. Conclusions:Among IBD patients receiving long-term treatment of VDZ, the incidence of adverse reactions of VDZ was 72.5%, mainly involving skin, digestive system and respiratory system. Symptomatic treatments could be given, and the prognosis was good. Patients with chronic relapsing clinical type, severe disease activity, combination therapy, and shorter VDZ maintenance injection interval were at higher risk of adverse reactions.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation, therapy, and prognosis of Susac syndrome and enhance the understanding of this disease.Methods:A case summary was made.The clinical data of two siblings with Susac syndrome treated at Children′s Medical Center, Peking University First Hospital in January 2024 were summarized.Reported cases of pediatric Susac syndrome were reviewed.Results:The onset of the disease in the two siblings was at the age of 3.00 and 6.75 years, with recurrent headaches, tinnitus, hearing loss and encephalopathy symptoms.Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple cerebral microbleeding and microinfarction lesions, " snowball like" in the corpus callosum and diffuse white matter edema in the brain.Audiometry revealed sensorineural hearing loss.In one case, ophthalmic fluorescein angiography revealed ischemic changes due to branch retinal artery occlusions.No pathogenic variants were detected in gene testing.This child was diagnosed with Susac syndrome, and the symptoms were improved after treatment with Corticosteroids and Rituximab.No relapse was observed during the 9-month follow-up.A total of 20 pediatric cases of Susac syndrome were retrieved, including 18 reported previously and 2 cases from this study.There were 2 boys and 18 girls, with the age of onset ranging from 2.5 to 17.0 years.The common initial symptoms included headache (19 cases), vertigo and tinnitus or hearing loss (9 cases), and vision impairment or visual field defect (4 cases). The symptoms were improved after immunotherapy.Conclusions:With a low incidence, Susac syndrome is rare in children and difficult to diagnose.There may be a genetic predisposition in such disease.Early diagnosis and immunotherapy can low the relapse and improve the prognosis.

Objective To explore the pharmacokinetic(PK)characteristics of desloratadine tablets and reference drugs in healthy subjects,and evaluate their bioequivalence and safety.Methods The random,open,two-period,cross-over pharmacokinetic study method was adopted,each subject received a single oral dose of desloratadine tablets test drug(T)or reference drug(R)for 5 mg.The concentrations of desloratadine and 3-hydroxy desloratadine in plasma were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS);and the PK parameters were calculated by WinNonlin 8.1 software to evaluate the bioequivalence.Results The main PK parameters of T and R of desloratadine were as follows:the fasting condition Cmax were respectively(3 809.82±1 016.54)and(3 642.36±777.07)pg·mL-1;AUC0-120h were respectively(5.75 ×104±5.03 ×104)and(5.51 × 104±4.00 × 104)pg·h·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were respectively(6.85× 104±1.03× 104)and(6.37 × 104±7.92 × 104)pg·h·mL-1.The fed condition Cmax were respectively(4 398.98±1 191.22)and(4 744.4±1 511.97)pg·mL-1;AUC0-120h were respectively(5.25 × 104±1.82 × 104)and(5.55 × 104±1.98 × 104)pg·h·mL-1;AUC0-∞ were respectively(5.37 × 104±1.86 × 104)and(5.68 × 104±2.04 × 104)pg·h·mL-1.The 90％confidence interval of Cmax,AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of desloratadine were all within 80.00％～125.00％.Conclusion There was no significant difference in the main PK parameters between T tablets and R under fasting or high-fat postprandial conditions,and desloratadine tablets were bioequivalent,safe and well tolerated.

Objective:To observe and analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) caused by adalimumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and its influencing factors.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on 106 patients with inflammatory bowel disease treated with adalimumab at Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from November 2019 to November 2023. Among them, 31 patients who experienced adverse reactions were included in the ADR group (case group), while 75 patients who did not experience adverse reactions were included in the non-ADR group (control group). Patients' basic information, laboratory tests, adverse drug reactions, etc were collected. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as xˉ± s and means between two groups were compared using independent samples t-test. The percentage of count data was calculated, and the rate between groups was compared by χ2 test. The risk factors of adverse drug reactions caused by adalimumab in patients with inflammatory bowel disease were analyzed by single factor screening and multivariable Logistic regression model. Results:ADR occurred in 31 of 106 patients, accounting for 29.25% (31/106), among those patients which infection was the most common,accounting for 18.87%(20/106). The number of combined drugs (≥3 kinds), drug allergy history, drug duration (≥3 months), blood concentration (>12 μg/mL) in ADR group were higher than those in non-ADR group ( χ2-values were 5.90, 5.78, 6.94 and 10.07, respectively,t-values were 8.55 and 0.97 respectively; all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression results showed that the number of combined drugs ≥3, drug allergy history, drug duration >3 months, blood concentration >12 ng/L, creatinine and total bilirubin levels were all risk factors for adverse drug reactions of adalimumab in IBD patients (O R values were 2.680, 2.394, 3.228, 4.415, 3.673 and 4.646, respectively;95% CI:1.563~3.798, 1.434-3.354, 2.070-4.387, 3.803-5.027, 2.364-4.982 and 3.449-5.843, respectively; all P<0.05). Conclusion:The number of combined drugs ≥3, drug allergy history, drug duration >3 months, blood concentration >12 ng/L, creatinine and total bilirubin levels are all risk factors for adverse drug reactions in IBD patients with adalimumab. In clinical practice, it is necessary to strengthen monitoring and take timely preventive measures for IBD patients with the above-mentioned factors, in order to reduce the incidence of ADR.