Tumor has become a major disease that seriously threatens human health and life. The incidence rate is increasing year by year， yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， a treasure of the Chinese nation and a wealth for people worldwide， plays an important role in the treatment of tumors and has been receiving increasing attention both in China and abroad. In earlier work， based on the symptoms and metastatic characteristics of tumors， and drawing on the TCM theory of Yin and Yang in combination with modern medical research on tumors， the ''Yin deficiency-cancer correlation'' hypothesis was proposed. This hypothesis holds that ''Yin deficiency'' of the body is a major cause of malignant tumors， and that nourishing Yin to eliminate the pathogenic factor of Yin deficiency can treat cancer. By using Yin-nourishing drugs to tonify Yin deficiency， the occurrence and development of malignant tumors can be effectively prevented. Common anti-tumor Yin-nourishing drugs include Glehniae Radix， Lilii Bulbus， Ophiopogonis Radix， Liriopes Radix， Asparagi Radix， Dendrobii Caulis， Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis， Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma， Polygonati Rhizoma， Lycii Fructus， Mori Fructus， Ligustri Lucidi Fructus， Ecliptae Herba， Rehmanniae Radix， and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. These drugs are generally sweet in flavor， cold and cool in nature， and moist in texture. They have the functions of nourishing Yin fluids， generating body fluids， and moistening dryness， and can also clear heat， being primarily indicated for Yin deficiency with depletion of body fluids. In view of the potential advantages and value of treating malignant tumors by tonifying Yin deficiency with Chinese medicine， this paper reviews recent studies on the anti-tumor effects of active components of Yin-nourishing drugs. It further summarizes their mechanisms of action in inducing apoptosis of tumor cells， arresting tumor cell proliferation， inhibiting tumor invasion， metastasis， and angiogenesis， enhancing and regulating immune function， augmenting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs， and reversing tumor drug resistance. This study provides an objective overview of research progress on Yin-nourishing drugs in tumor treatment and offers new ideas for cancer therapy.

Objective: With the development of global nuclear power, the discharge of tritium during nuclear power plant operation has raised concerns. This study provides basic data support for the assessment of tritium radioactivity levels in sea-water and seafood around nuclear power plants. Methods: This study selected the coastal waters near a nuclear power plant in China as the research area. A total of 15 surface seawater samples and three types of marine organisms (laver, oyster, and mullet) were collected to measure and analyze the tritium activity concentrations in seawater and marine organisms. Results: The tritium activity concentrations in seawater ranged from 1.54 to 3.55 Bq/L, with an average of 2.25 ± 0.70 Bq/L.In marine organisms, the tritium activity concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 Bq/L. The total dose rates of tritium to mullet and oyster were 6.93 × 10−7 μGy/h and 5.39 × 10−7 μGy/h, respectively. Conclusion Compared with tritium activity concentrations in adjacent waters, those in seawater near this nuclear power plant showed no significant increases, and the tritium content in marine organisms remained within normal ranges. The radiation doses of tritium in mullet and oyster did not pose a radiation hazard to these two organisms.

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Gegen Qinlian Decoction(GQD) is a classic prescription for the clinical treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC). This study, based on the differences in efficacy observed in UC mice under different level of bile acids treated with GQD, aims to clarify the impact of bile acids on UC and its therapeutic effects. It further investigates the expression of bile acid receptors in the liver of UC mice, and preliminarily reveals the mechanism through which GQD affects bile acid synthesis in the treatment of UC. A UC mouse model was established using dextran sulfate sodium(DSS) induction. The efficacy of GQD was evaluated by assessing the general condition, disease activity index(DAI) score, colon length, and histopathological changes in colon tissue via hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining. ELISA and Western blot were used to evaluate the inflammatory response in colon tissue. The total bile acid(TBA) level and liver damage were quantified using an automatic biochemistry analyzer. The expression levels of bile acid receptors and bile acid synthetases in liver tissue were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR. The results showed that compared with the model group, GQD treatment significantly improved the DAI score, colon shortening, and histopathological damage in UC mice. The levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in the colon were significantly reduced. Serum TBA levels were significantly decreased, while alkaline phosphatase(ALP) levels significantly increased. After administration of cholic acid(CA), UC symptoms in the CA + GQD group were significantly aggravated compared with the GQD group. The DAI score, degree of weight loss, colon injury, serum TBA, and liver injury markers all increased significantly. However, compared with the CA group, the CA + GQD group showed a marked reduction in TBA levels and a significant improvement in UC-related symptoms, indicating that GQD can alleviate UC damage exacerbated by CA. Further investigation into the expression of bile acid receptors and synthetases in the liver showed that under GQD treatment, the expression of farnesoid X receptor(FXR) and small heterodimer partner(SHP) significantly increased, while the expression of G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5) and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase(Cyp7A1) significantly decreased. These findings suggest that GQD may affect bile acid receptors and synthetases, inhibiting bile acid synthesis through the FXR/SHP pathway to treat UC.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative/genetics* ; Bile Acids and Salts/biosynthesis* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice ; Male ; Humans ; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism* ; Colon/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infectious respiratory disease that has been prevalent since December 2019. Chinese medicine (CM) has demonstrated its unique advantages in the fight against COVID-19 in the areas of disease prevention, improvement of clinical symptoms, and control of disease progression. This review summarized the relevant material components of CM in the treatment of COVID-19 by searching the relevant literature and reports on CM in the treatment of COVID-19 and combining with the physiological and pathological characteristics of the novel coronavirus. On the basis of sorting out experimental methods in vivo and in vitro, the mechanism of herb action was further clarified in terms of inhibiting virus invasion and replication and improving related complications. The aim of the article is to explore the strengths and characteristics of CM in the treatment of COVID-19, and to provide a basis for the research and scientific, standardized treatment of COVID-19 with CM.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; COVID-19/therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; Animals

Cardiac arrest (CA) is a critical condition in the field of cardiovascular medicine. Despite successful resuscitation, patients continue to have a high mortality rate, largely due to post CA syndrome (PCAS). However, the injury and pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCAS remain unclear. Experimental animal models are valuable tools for exploring the etiology, pathogenesis, and potential interventions for CA and PCAS. Current CA animal models include electrical induction of ventricular fibrillation (VF), myocardial infarction, high potassium, asphyxia, and hemorrhagic shock. Although these models do not fully replicate the complexity of clinical CA, the mechanistic insights they provide remain highly relevant, including post-CA brain injury (PCABI), post-CA myocardial dysfunction (PAMD), systemic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), and the persistent precipitating pathology. Summarizing the methods of establishing CA models, the challenges encountered in the modeling process, and the mechanisms of PCAS can provide a foundation for developing standardized CA modeling protocols.
Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome/physiopathology* ; Heart Arrest/physiopathology* ; Humans ; Ventricular Fibrillation/complications*

Peri-implant keratinized mucosa (PIKM) augmentation refers to surgical procedures aimed at increasing the width of PIKM. Consensus reports emphasize the necessity of maintaining a minimum width of PIKM to ensure long-term peri-implant health. Currently, several surgical techniques have been validated for their effectiveness in increasing PIKM. However, the selection and application of PIKM augmentation methods may present challenges for dental practitioners due to heterogeneity in surgical techniques, variations in clinical scenarios, and anatomical differences. Therefore, clear guidelines and considerations for PIKM augmentation are needed. This expert consensus focuses on the commonly employed surgical techniques for PIKM augmentation and the factors influencing their selection at second-stage surgery. It aims to establish a standardized framework for assessing, planning, and executing PIKM augmentation procedures, with the goal of offering evidence-based guidance to enhance the predictability and success of PIKM augmentation.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Implants ; Mouth Mucosa/surgery* ; Keratins

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of high energy metabolism in lung cancer patients and its correlation with body composition,nutritional status,and quality of life,and to develop a corresponding risk prediction model.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 132 primary lung cancer patients admitted to the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2022 to May 2023,and categorized into high(n=94)and low energy metabolism group(n=38)based on their metabolic status.Differences in clinical data,body composition,Patient Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)scores,and European Organization for Research and treatment of Cancer(EORTC)Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30(QLQ-C30)scores were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors for high energy metabolism in lung cancer patients,and a risk prediction model was established accordingly;the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was used to assess the model fit,and the ROC curve was used to test the predictive efficacy of the model.Results Of the 132 patients with primary lung cancer,94(71.2%)exhibited high energy metabolism.Compared with low energy metabolism group,patients in high-energy metabolism group had a smoking index of 400 or higher,advanced disease staging of stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ,and higher levels of IL-6 level,low adiposity index,low skeletal muscle index,and malnutrition(P<0.05),and lower levels of total protein,albumin,hemoglobin level,and prognostic nutritional index(PNI)(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in age,gender,height,weight,BMI and disease type between the two groups(P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that smoking index≥400,advanced disease stage,IL-6≥3.775 ng/L,and PNI<46.43 were independent risk factors for high energy metabolism in lung cancer patients.The AUC of the ROC curve for the established prediction model of high energy metabolism in lung cancer patients was 0.834(95%CI 0.763-0.904).Conclusion The high energy metabolic risk prediction model of lung cancer patients established in this study has good fit and prediction efficiency.

Objective To compare the impact of continuous profound neuromuscular blockade versus con-ventional neuromuscular blockade on postoperative shoulder pain in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery during steep Trendelenburg position.Methods This study was a single-center,randomized,double-blind clinical trial.The inclusion criteria encompassed individuals aged between 18 and 80 years,with an American Society of Anesthesiologists status of Ⅰ or Ⅱ,and a body mass index ranging from 18 kg/m2 to 30 kg/m2.A total of one hundred patients were randomly assigned to either the deep neuromuscular blockade group(D group)or the conventional neuromuscular blockade group(C group),with equal distribution of fifty cases in each group.Rocuronium dosage was titrated to achieve post-tetanic count values of 1～2 and train-of-four stimulation levels of 1～2 during surgery for D and C groups respectively.At the end of surgery,sugammadex was administered for reversal of neuromuscular blockade.The primary endpoint assessed the incidence of postoperative shoulder pain within three days after surgery.Secondary endpoints included Leiden score evaluation during intraoperative period,number of additional neuromus-cular blockers required by the surgeon,recovery time for muscle relaxation postoperatively,nausea and vomiting scores during recovery phase,visual analog scale(VAS)scores in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit(PACU)as well as within three days after surgery,incidence rate for postoperative pulmonary complications,length of hospital stay duration and patient satisfaction score.Results The incidence of postoperative shoulder pain was significantly lower in group D compared to group C(D group 32%vs.C group 56%;P<0.05).However,there were no significant differences in postoperative shoulder pain VAS scores between the two groups(P>0.05).No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of Leiden score,surgeon's requirement for additional neuromuscular blockers,nausea and vomiting in PACU,and VAS score(P>0.05).Group D exhibited better early postoperative activity pain scores than group C(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the groups at other time points(P>0.05).Furthermore,there were no significant differences in the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,length of stay,and satisfaction scores between the two groups.Conclusion The imple-mentation of continuous deep neuromuscular blockade in patients undergoing robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery with steep Trendelenburg position can effectively mitigate the occurrence of postoperative shoulder pain.

Humans ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell/pathology* ; Genetic Markers ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Urothelium/pathology*