Objective: To explore human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaccination related knowledge and vaccination willingness of college students in Guizhou Province and their related factors, so as to provide a basis for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods: From May to June 2025, by applying convenience sampling method,4 567 college students were selected from 8 universities in Guizhou Province to conduct a questionnaire survey. Awareness of HPV and vaccination related knowledge, vaccination willingness as well as related factors among college students were also analyzed. The t test and Chi square test were used for comparison between groups, and multifactor Logistic regression was employed to analyze the related factors of HPV vaccination willingness among college students. Results: The HPV and vaccine knowledge score of college students in Guizhou Province was ( 10.50 ±2.09), and the score of girls (10.81±1.82) was higher than that of boys (10.19±2.30) ( t=10.09, P <0.01). The HPV vaccination willingness rate of college students was 65.6%, and the rate was higher in girls than in boys (67.1%,64.1%, χ 2=4.75, P <0.05). Multi factor Logistic regression analysis showed that ethnicity and HPV testing were related factors that affected college students willingness to vaccinate (minority: OR boy =1.23, OR girl =1.35; previous HPV testing: OR boy =0.56, OR girl =0.59); boys willingness to vaccinate was related to the number of sexual partners ( OR =0.60), family history of cancer ( OR =0.65), and sexual behavior related HPV knowledge scores ( OR =0.89), while girls willingness to vaccinate was related to bisexual sexual orientation ( OR =0.59), previous HIV testing ( OR =0.60), and HPV and vaccine basic knowledge scores ( OR =0.86) (all P <0.05). Conclusions College students in Guizhou Province have higher HPV vaccine related knowledge scores and are more willing to vaccinate, and those above are higher in girls than in boys. Health education content should be optimized based on gender differences, and promote the willingness and behavior of HPV vaccination among college students.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo explore the academic characteristics of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in treating diabetic kidney disease （DKD） from the perspectives of principles， methods， formulas， and medications. MethodsIn strict accordance with the Systematic Review of Text and Opinion （SrTO） process developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute （JBI）， an Australian evidence-based healthcare center， the databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， VIP Database， Wanfang Data， and China Biomedical Literature Service System （SinoMed） were searched. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria， text information extraction， quality evaluation， and text information synthesis were conducted sequentially. The data were analyzed and presented in the form of text and figures. ResultsA total of 215 articles related to 43 contemporary renowned experts in the fields of Chinese medicine nephrology and endocrinology were included. The study found that the academic thoughts of these masters in the treatment of DKD are extensive， involving multiple levels such as disease understanding， therapeutic strategies， formula application， and medication use. In terms of disease understanding， the primary pathogenesis is characterized by deficiency in the root and excess in the manifestation. It is emphasized that internal factors， such as congenital endowment deficiency， interact with external factors such as improper diet， emotional disturbances， invasion of exogenous pathogens， and delayed or inappropriate treatment， to jointly induce the disease. This further gives rise to various pathogenetic theories， including obstruction of renal collaterals by blood stasis， toxin-induced damage to renal collaterals， latent wind disturbing the kidney， and internal heat leading to mass formation. In terms of therapeutic strategies and medication use， the principal treatment method is to replenish Qi and nourish Yin. Stage-based and syndrome-differentiated treatments are advocated. Flexible use of insect-derived drugs and wind-dispelling drugs is emphasized， along with proficiency in applying classical formulas and drug pairs. Integrated internal and external treatments， as well as the combined application of multiple therapeutic approaches， are commonly employed for comprehensive management. Meanwhile， the concept of "preventive treatment of disease" is upheld， and individualized long-term management of patients is advocated. ConclusionThrough the SrTO process， the academic thoughts of contemporary renowned Chinese medicine masters in the treatment of DKD have been systematically and standardly synthesized， providing a scientific and standardized basis for future theoretical exploration.

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility， safety， and efficacy of surgery-assisted transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （SA-TIPS） in the treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis， including cavernous transformation of the portal vein （CTPV）. MethodsAn analysis was performed for the data of 36 patients with portal hypertension and complex portal vein thrombosis who underwent SA-TIPS in Beijing Shijitan Hospital， Capital Medical University， from November 2023 to January 2025， including general status， technical data of the surgical process （surgical success rate， puncture times， time of operation， the number of stents used， and the length of shunt）， perioperative complications， and surgical recovery. The change in portal pressure gradient （PPG） after shunt was compared， and the rate of reaching the standard for PPG reduction was calculated， as well as stent patency rate within 1 week after surgery. The paired samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups. ResultsAmong the 36 patients， 34 （94.4%） underwent SA-TIPS successfully. The incidence rate of perioperative complications was 16.7% （6/36）， including 3 cases of thoraco-abdominal hemorrhage， 2 cases of intraoperative arrhythmia， and 1 case of incision infection. There was a significant reduction in PPG after SA-TIPS （t=19.85， P<0.01）， and the patients achieving a ≥50% reduction in PPG accounted for 76.5% （26/34）. Imaging reexamination within 1 week showed a shunt patency rate of 100%. ConclusionSA-TIPS has a high technical success rate， a favorable safety profile， and good efficacy in the treatment of portal hypertension comorbid with complex portal vein thrombosis （including CTPV）， and therefore， it holds promise for clinical application.

OBJECTIVE To establish a content determination method for two specific C21‑steroid saponins namely 3- O - β -allopyranosyl-（1→4）- β -oleandropyranosyl-11- O -isobutyryl-12- O -acetyl tenacigenin B（compound T） and 17 β -tenacigenin B in Marsdenia tenacissima decoction pieces.METHODS Ultra‑high‑performance liquid chromatography‑tandem mass spectrometry （UPLC‑MS/MS） was adopted. An XSelect HSS T3 XP chromatographic column was used. Gradient elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-methanol as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min， the injection volume was 5 μL， and the column temperature was 40 ℃. An electrospray ionization source was applied for mass spectrometry， and multiple reaction monitoring mode was used for positive‑ and negative‑ion acquisition.RESULTS The linear relationships of compound T and 17 β -tenacigenin B were good within the concentration ranges of 10-200 ng/mL and 20-200 ng/mL， with r values of 0.993 1 and 0.998 6， respectively； the RSD values of precision， repeatability， accuracy， and stability were all below 4.5% （ n ＝5-6）. Their contents in three batches of decoction pieces were 94.0-102.8 μg/g and 1 705.4-1 736.2 μg/g， respectively.CONCLUSIONS The established method can be applied for the content determination of the two specific C21‑steroid saponins mentioned above in M. tenacissima decoction pieces.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Shengxian Yixin Granule （升陷益心颗粒， SYG） in treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF）. MethodsExperiment 1： Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， low-dose ［25 mg/（kg·d）］， medium-dose ［50 mg/（kg·d）］， and high-dose ［（75 mg/（kg·d）］ SYG groups， with 8 mice per group. Except for the control group， HFpEF was induced by a high-fat diet combined with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in drinking water for 16 weeks. After 10 weeks of modeling， treatment groups received corresponding doses of SYG by gavage， while the control group and model group received equal volume of normal saline， for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of administration， the body weight， blood pressure including systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）， and heart weight-to-tibia length ratio （HW/TL） were recorded. Echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and the ratio of early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity （E/A）. Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and C-reactive protein （CRP） levels were measured by ELISA. The expression level of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） in heart tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. Blood lipid levels， including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， triglycerides （TG）， and total cholesterol （TC）， were determined by a biochemical analyzer. Splenic proportions of M1 macrophages， M2 macrophages， T helper 17 （Th17） cells， and regulatory T （Treg） cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Experiment 2： RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to establish an M1 macrophage polarization model， and then treated with SYG-containing serum for 24 h. The cells were divided into four groups， including blank serum group， high-dose SYG-containing serum group， LPS group， and LPS plus high-dose SYG-containing serum group. Combined with asignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （Stat3） inhibitor for 24 h， the cells were divided into a lipopolysaccharide group， a high-dose SYG-containing serum group， an inhibitor group， and high-dose SYG-containing serum plus inhibitor group. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in each group were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of iNOS， IL-1β， Stat3， and phosphorylated Stat3 （p-Stat3） were detected by Western Blotting. ResultsExperiment 1： Compared to the control group， the model group showed significantly decreased E/A ratio， and increased cardiac BNP expression， plasma NT-proBNP，HW/TL ratio， body weight， TC， LDL-C， SBP， and DBP， as well as shortened exhaustion distance and exhaustion time （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the model group， the E/A ratio increased in the low-， medium-， and high-dose SYG groups； cardiac BNP expression decreased in the low- and high-dose groups， and plasma NT-proBNP levels decreased in the high-dose group； the HW/TL ratio and body weight decreased， while exhaustion distance and exhaustion time increased in the medium- and high-dose groups； TG levels decreased in the low- and medium-dose groups， and LDL-C levels decreased in the medium- and high-dose groups； SBP and DBP decreased in the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the low-dose SYG group， body weight decreased， and both exhaustion distance and exhaustion time increased in the medium- and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the medium-dose SYG group， the exhaustion time increased in the high-dose SYG group （P＜0.01）. Experiment 2： In the LPS‑induced M1 macrophage polarization model， compared to the blank serum group， the LPS group showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and IL‑1β， as well as the p‑Stat3/Stat3 ratio （P＜0.01）. Compared to the LPS group， the high‑dose SYG-containing serum plus LPS group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and IL‑1β， as well as the p‑Stat3/Stat3 ratio （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the LPS group， the inhibitor group also showed significantly reduced these parameters （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionSYG can improve cardiac function， ventricular remodeling， exercise capacity， and lipid metabolism in HFpEF mice， while inhibiting inflammatory responses. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Stat3 signaling pathway and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Shengxian Yixin Granule （升陷益心颗粒， SYG） in treating heart failure with preserved ejection fraction （HFpEF）. MethodsExperiment 1： Forty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into control group， model group， low-dose ［25 mg/（kg·d）］， medium-dose ［50 mg/（kg·d）］， and high-dose ［（75 mg/（kg·d）］ SYG groups， with 8 mice per group. Except for the control group， HFpEF was induced by a high-fat diet combined with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in drinking water for 16 weeks. After 10 weeks of modeling， treatment groups received corresponding doses of SYG by gavage， while the control group and model group received equal volume of normal saline， for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks of administration， the body weight， blood pressure including systolic blood pressure （SBP） and diastolic blood pressure （DBP）， and heart weight-to-tibia length ratio （HW/TL） were recorded. Echocardiography was used to evaluate left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and the ratio of early to late diastolic transmitral flow velocity （E/A）. Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide （NT-proBNP） and C-reactive protein （CRP） levels were measured by ELISA. The expression level of brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） in heart tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. Blood lipid levels， including low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， triglycerides （TG）， and total cholesterol （TC）， were determined by a biochemical analyzer. Splenic proportions of M1 macrophages， M2 macrophages， T helper 17 （Th17） cells， and regulatory T （Treg） cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Experiment 2： RAW 264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to establish an M1 macrophage polarization model， and then treated with SYG-containing serum for 24 h. The cells were divided into four groups， including blank serum group， high-dose SYG-containing serum group， LPS group， and LPS plus high-dose SYG-containing serum group. Combined with asignal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （Stat3） inhibitor for 24 h， the cells were divided into a lipopolysaccharide group， a high-dose SYG-containing serum group， an inhibitor group， and high-dose SYG-containing serum plus inhibitor group. The expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） in each group were detected by qRT-PCR. The protein levels of iNOS， IL-1β， Stat3， and phosphorylated Stat3 （p-Stat3） were detected by Western Blotting. ResultsExperiment 1： Compared to the control group， the model group showed significantly decreased E/A ratio， and increased cardiac BNP expression， plasma NT-proBNP，HW/TL ratio， body weight， TC， LDL-C， SBP， and DBP， as well as shortened exhaustion distance and exhaustion time （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the model group， the E/A ratio increased in the low-， medium-， and high-dose SYG groups； cardiac BNP expression decreased in the low- and high-dose groups， and plasma NT-proBNP levels decreased in the high-dose group； the HW/TL ratio and body weight decreased， while exhaustion distance and exhaustion time increased in the medium- and high-dose groups； TG levels decreased in the low- and medium-dose groups， and LDL-C levels decreased in the medium- and high-dose groups； SBP and DBP decreased in the low-， medium-， and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the low-dose SYG group， body weight decreased， and both exhaustion distance and exhaustion time increased in the medium- and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the medium-dose SYG group， the exhaustion time increased in the high-dose SYG group （P＜0.01）. Experiment 2： In the LPS‑induced M1 macrophage polarization model， compared to the blank serum group， the LPS group showed significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and IL‑1β， as well as the p‑Stat3/Stat3 ratio （P＜0.01）. Compared to the LPS group， the high‑dose SYG-containing serum plus LPS group showed significantly decreased mRNA and protein expression of iNOS and IL‑1β， as well as the p‑Stat3/Stat3 ratio （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to the LPS group， the inhibitor group also showed significantly reduced these parameters （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. ConclusionSYG can improve cardiac function， ventricular remodeling， exercise capacity， and lipid metabolism in HFpEF mice， while inhibiting inflammatory responses. Its mechanism may be related to the regulation of the Stat3 signaling pathway and inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization.

Tumor has become a major disease that seriously threatens human health and life. The incidence rate is increasing year by year， yet the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， a treasure of the Chinese nation and a wealth for people worldwide， plays an important role in the treatment of tumors and has been receiving increasing attention both in China and abroad. In earlier work， based on the symptoms and metastatic characteristics of tumors， and drawing on the TCM theory of Yin and Yang in combination with modern medical research on tumors， the ''Yin deficiency-cancer correlation'' hypothesis was proposed. This hypothesis holds that ''Yin deficiency'' of the body is a major cause of malignant tumors， and that nourishing Yin to eliminate the pathogenic factor of Yin deficiency can treat cancer. By using Yin-nourishing drugs to tonify Yin deficiency， the occurrence and development of malignant tumors can be effectively prevented. Common anti-tumor Yin-nourishing drugs include Glehniae Radix， Lilii Bulbus， Ophiopogonis Radix， Liriopes Radix， Asparagi Radix， Dendrobii Caulis， Dendrobii Officinalis Caulis， Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma， Polygonati Rhizoma， Lycii Fructus， Mori Fructus， Ligustri Lucidi Fructus， Ecliptae Herba， Rehmanniae Radix， and Anemarrhenae Rhizoma. These drugs are generally sweet in flavor， cold and cool in nature， and moist in texture. They have the functions of nourishing Yin fluids， generating body fluids， and moistening dryness， and can also clear heat， being primarily indicated for Yin deficiency with depletion of body fluids. In view of the potential advantages and value of treating malignant tumors by tonifying Yin deficiency with Chinese medicine， this paper reviews recent studies on the anti-tumor effects of active components of Yin-nourishing drugs. It further summarizes their mechanisms of action in inducing apoptosis of tumor cells， arresting tumor cell proliferation， inhibiting tumor invasion， metastasis， and angiogenesis， enhancing and regulating immune function， augmenting the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs， and reversing tumor drug resistance. This study provides an objective overview of research progress on Yin-nourishing drugs in tumor treatment and offers new ideas for cancer therapy.

Objective: With the development of global nuclear power, the discharge of tritium during nuclear power plant operation has raised concerns. This study provides basic data support for the assessment of tritium radioactivity levels in sea-water and seafood around nuclear power plants. Methods: This study selected the coastal waters near a nuclear power plant in China as the research area. A total of 15 surface seawater samples and three types of marine organisms (laver, oyster, and mullet) were collected to measure and analyze the tritium activity concentrations in seawater and marine organisms. Results: The tritium activity concentrations in seawater ranged from 1.54 to 3.55 Bq/L, with an average of 2.25 ± 0.70 Bq/L.In marine organisms, the tritium activity concentrations ranged from 1.1 to 1.6 Bq/L. The total dose rates of tritium to mullet and oyster were 6.93 × 10−7 μGy/h and 5.39 × 10−7 μGy/h, respectively. Conclusion Compared with tritium activity concentrations in adjacent waters, those in seawater near this nuclear power plant showed no significant increases, and the tritium content in marine organisms remained within normal ranges. The radiation doses of tritium in mullet and oyster did not pose a radiation hazard to these two organisms.

Background China is a major coal producer and consumer country in the world. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is a primary factor endangering the occupational health of coal miners. Research on the disease burden of CWP and its changing trend is significant for disease prevention & control and associated policies. Objective To analyze the disease burden of CWP in China from 1990 to 2021 and its changing trend, and predict the disease burden from 2022 to 2035. Methods Using the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) database of 2021, numbers ofincident cases, prevalent cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) as well as crude and age-standardized rates of CWP in China were retrieved. Linear regression model was used to calculate the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) of the age-standardized rates. Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the temporal trend of disease burden and the disease burden of different sexes and age groups, and Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to forecast the trend of CWP disease burden. Results In 1990, the incident, prevalent, and deaths cases of CWP in China were 3266, 18872, and 1561, respectively, and the DALYs of CWP were 44614.718 person-years. In 2021, the incident, prevalent, and deaths cases of CWP were 3446, 23975, and 1229, respectively, and the DALYs of CWP were 29610.754 person-years. From 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates of CWP in China all showed a downward trend, with the EAPCs of −3.121%, −2.532%, −4.018%, and −4.268%, respectively. The disease burden of CWP in China was mainly concentrated in the male population. The annual average percent change analysis indicated that each standardized rate showed a fluctuating downward trend in different periods. The BAPC model showed that from 2022 to 2035, the age-standardized rates of CWP in China would continue to decline steadily. In 2035, the age-standardized incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs rates of CWP would be reduced to 0.10 per 100000, 0.74 per 100000, 0.03 per 100000, and 0.74 per 100000, respectively. Conclusion The disease burden contributed by CWP in China generally show a downward trend from 1990 to 2021, and it is expected that the age-standardized rates will continue to decline steadily from 2022 to 2035.